Table __.

Type of Fermentation Method

Type of Fermentation

Solid State
Fermentation (SSF)

Submerged Liquid
Fermentation

Description
Involves the growth of
microorganisms on
moist solid particles, in
which the spaces
between particles
contain a continuous
gas phase and minimum
visible water (Mitchell,
D. et al, 2006)

[+] Advantages/ [-]

Disadvantages
- Low energy
requirements
- Small volume of
fermentation mas or
reactor volume
- Lower chance of
contamination due to
low moisture level
- Easy product separation
-Use of waste or spent low
value
raw material to
produce high value products

-fermentation wherein
microorganism
employed grows in
submerged state within
the fermentation media

-can be used for large scale

production
-difficulty in the mass transfer
-contamination, water activity
is too high

`
Reference:
http://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=UVw_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA248&lpg=PA248&dq=ssf+or+submerged+xanthan+gu
m&source=bl&ots=hgDTjQVAIR&sig=95slxxlZ3HiMzH2LLl71EiuLkM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E5bEU7n2K8G4igKFr4DoBQ&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAw#
v=onepage&q=ssf%20or%20submerged%20xanthan%20gum&f=false page 248

http://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=7bYP3lq9bewC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=characteristics+of+solid+state+ferment
ation&source=bl&ots=zcfKXQiMkK&sig=iMmP1jw6FDGF2_yDC9EEAqjenQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Mo3EU6XF4fHiwKbs4CIBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=characteristics
%20of%20solid%20state%20fermentation&f=false page 1

http://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=cyq5CCPMBgsC&pg=PT12&lpg=PT12&dq=characteristics+of+submerged+ferm
entation&source=bl&ots=kleqYkfnG3&sig=5i2xt4IeKZLnnfjcXjLH1WpydmY&hl=en&

sa=X&ei=WZLEU9nGMcWEjALsxoCQAw&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=char
acteristics%20of%20submerged%20fermentation&f=false page 19 -20