Workshop 2 Structure or Language (Level 3)

Level3Englishworkshop22013CLASSNOTESLevel5version.
notebook
October29,2014
Level3EnglishforLiteracy&Language
Teaching
Workshop2:anintroductiontolanguage
frameworksandanalysis
ExplorethestructureofEnglishandhowlanguageworksandcanbedescribed
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Level3Englishworkshop22013CLASSNOTESLevel5version.notebook
October29,2014
October29,2014
Someusefulterms...
Metalanguage
Semantics
Partsofspeech
Morphology
Form
Function
Context
Audience
Purpose
Phonology
Stress
Intonation
3
October29,2014
PartsofSpeech
October29,2014
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October29,2014
text
sentence
clause
clause
phrase
word
phrase
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clause
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morphememorphememorphememorpheme morpheme
morpheme morpheme
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ph/grph/grph/gr ph/gr
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ph/gr ph/grph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
clause
phrase
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morpheme morpheme
morpheme morpheme morpheme
morpheme morpheme
morpheme
ph/grph/gr ph/gr
ph/grph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
ph/gr ph/gr
ph/grph/gr ph/grph/grph/grph/gr
genre
sentence
ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
ph/gr
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ph/gr ph/gr
text
phrase
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morphememorphememorphememorphememorpheme
morpheme morpheme
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phoneme/grapheme
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sentence
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clause
phrase
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morpheme morpheme
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ph/grph/gr ph/gr
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phoneme/grapheme
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morpheme morpheme
morpheme morpheme
morpheme
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ph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
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morpheme morpheme
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morpheme morpheme
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phoneme/grapheme
ph/gr
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morpheme
morpheme morpheme
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clause
phrase
ph/gr
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morpheme morpheme
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morphememorphememorphememorpheme morphememorphememorphememorpheme
phoneme/grapheme
ph/gr ph/gr
ph/grph/grph/grph/grph/grph/grph/gr ph/gr
ph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
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phrase
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ph/grph/grph/grph/grph/grph/grph/gr ph/grph/grph/gr
ph/gr ph/grph/grph/grph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
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clause
phrase
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morphememorpheme morpheme
morphememorpheme
ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
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morphememorphememorphememorphememorphememorphememorphememorpheme
ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
October29,2014
clause
phrase
word
phrase
word
word
word
morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
phoneme:smallestunitofsound
grapheme:unitofwriting
representingaphoneme
morpheme:smallestunitof
meaning
phrase:aunitoflanguagelonger
thanawordbutshorterthana
clause
clause:aunitoflanguagelonger
thanaphrasebutshorterthana
sentence
October29,2014
text
sentence
sentence
clause
clause
phrase
word
phrase
word
word
clause
phrase
word
word
phrase
word
word
word
ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
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phoneme/grapheme
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morphememorpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morphememorpheme

phoneme/grapheme
Sentence:thelargestunitofsyntactic
constructionconsistingofoneormore
clauses.
Simplesentence:
Compoundsentence:
Complexsentence:
Compound/complexsentence:
October29,2014
Whatdothesemorphemesdo?
_ing
_ed
de_
_s
anymore?
_ly
9
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antidisestablishmentarianism
10
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Phrases
Theblacklabradorwaschewingajuicyboneverynoisily.
11
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Phrases
Theblacklabradorwaschewingajuicyboneverynoisily.
12
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Britishgrasssnakesmayappearratherdangerous
13
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text
sentence
sentence
clause
clause
phrase
word
phrase
word
word
clause
phrase
word
word
phrase
word
word
word
ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr
ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr
phoneme/grapheme
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phrase
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phrase
word
word
phrase
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phoneme/grapheme
phoneme/grapheme
word
phrase
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word
word
morphememorpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morphememorpheme

phoneme/grapheme
Sentence:thelargestunitofsyntactic
constructionconsistingofoneormore
clauses.
Simplesentence:
Compoundsentence:
Complexsentence:
Compound/complexsentence:
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a
verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Somestudentsliketostudyinthemornings.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinating
conjunction. The coordinators are as follows: and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
ItriedtospeakSpanishandmyfriendtriedtospeakEnglish.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent
clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after,
although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
Theteacherreturnedthehomeworkaftershenoticedtheerror.
COMPOUND/COMPLEX SENTENCE
The compoundcomplex sentence is so named because it shares the characteristics of both
compound and complex sentences. Like the compound sentence, the compoundcomplex has
two main clauses. Like the complex sentence, it has at least one subordinate clause. The
subordinate clause can be part of an independent clause.
ThedoorofthemorningroomwasopenandasIwent
throughthehall,IcaughtaglimpseofUncleTommessing
aboutwithhiscollectionofoldsilver.
15
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16
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ThedoorofthemorningroomwasopenandasIwent
throughthehall,IcaughtaglimpseofUncleTommessing
aboutwithhiscollectionofoldsilver.
17
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Sentencefunctions:
interrogative
imperative
exclamative
declarative
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genre
text
sentence
sentence
clause
clause
phrase
word
phrase
word
word
phrase
word
morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme
ph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr
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phoneme/grapheme
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19
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October29,2014
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20
October29,2014
Inpairs,identifyasmanylinguisticitemsasyoucanin
thistext.Justifyyouranswers:
Exercisingforhalfanhouratleasttwiceaweek
,duringmidlife,can
significantlycutapersonsriskofdementialater,sayresearchers.
Peopleintheirlate40sandearly50swhodothiscouldreducetheir
riskofdementiabyabout50%,accordingtoastudyreportedin
LancetNeurology.ThosewhoaregeneticallypronetoAlzheimers
diseasecouldseeareductionofabout50%
,itadds.TheSwedish
teamsaidthefindingshadlargediseasepreventionimplicationsifan
individualadoptsanactivelifestyleinyouthandatmidlife
.Thismay
increasetheirprobabilityofenjoyingbothphysicallyandcognitively
vitalyearsinlaterlife,theysaid.Aspokeswomanfromthe
AlzheimersResearchTrustsaid,Thisstudybacksuptheevidence
sofar.Studiesseemtosuggestthatleadingahealthylifestyle
,
exercisingregularlyandeatingabalanceddiethelpsprotectagainst
dementia.
21

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Level3Englishworkshop22013CLASSNOTESLevel5version.

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

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ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morphememorpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morphememorpheme

morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme

morphememorpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morpheme morphememorpheme

morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme

ph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

morpheme morphememorpheme morpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme

ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/grph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme morphememorpheme

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

ph/gr ph/gr ph/gr

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