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NASA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
Talk outline
Part 1: Origin How do oil and gas form?
Practical: Non-Renewable Energy
Part 2: Exploration and Production
How do we find oil and gas and how is it produced?
Practical: Prospector Game
Part 3: Politics Why are oil and gas important?
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Hydrocarbon
Oil and gas are made of a mixture of
different hydrocarbons.
As the name suggests these are large
Crude Oil
Plant plankton
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
Animal plankton
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Copepod.
Most oil and gas starts life as microscopic plants and animals
that live in the ocean.
Miriam Godfrey
Dinoflagellate bloom
Sea bed
Kerogen
Oil
Gas
www.oilandgasgeology.com/oil_gas_window.jpg
Ancient Earth
The worlds main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seas
where plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated
Black Shale
Ancient Earth
The Kimmeridge Clay is a Black Shale with up to 50% organic
matter. It is the main source rock for the North Sea Oil & Gas
Province
Practical Exercise 1
Renewable versus Non-Renewable Energy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Windpark_Galicia.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
Dome Trap
Distillation
Plant
Car fuel
Jet fuel
Road tar
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anacortes_Refinery_31911.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crude_Oil_Distillation.png
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oilfields_California.jpg
USGS
Global oil and gas occurrences are now well understood (provinces
shown in green). Only Antarctica and the Arctic remain unexplored.
Practical Exercise 2
The Oil Prospector Game
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Food additives
Fertilizers and
Pesticides
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:OilConsumptionpercapita.png
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert.jpg
Era of
energy
crisis
Hubbert (1903-1989)
In 1956, Hubbert predicted that global oil production would peak
around the Year 2000 and trigger an Energy Crisis with power
blackouts and rising costs of energy and fuel
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_Prices_Medium_Term.png
NASA
i.treehugger.com/files/canada-tar-sands-01.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bluebbl.gif
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Windpark_Galicia.jpg
OIL
Oil and Gas emit 15-30% less CO2 than coal per watt of energy
produced. Renewable energy is clean but not yet viable as fuel.
NASA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg