World War II

Main articles: Battle of Kohima and Battle of Imphal

in 1944, the Japanese planned a daring attack on India. Traveling through Burma,
it was stopped at Kohima and Imphal by British and Indian troops. This marked t
he furthest western expansion of the Japanese Empire and presaged Allied victory
.
Sino-Indian War (1962)
Main article: Sino-Indian War
Arunachal Pradesh, a state in the Northeastern tip of India, is claimed by China
as South Tibet.[citation needed] Sino-Indian relations degraded during the Sino
-Indian War of 1962. The cause of the escalation into war is still disputed by b
oth Chinese and Indian sources. During the war in 1962, the PRC (China) captured
much of the NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) created by India in 1954. However
on November 21, 1962, China declared a unilateral ceasefire, withdrew its troop
s 20 kilometres (12 mi) behind the McMahon Line and returned Indian prisoners of
war in 1963.[19]
21st century unrest
Main article: Insurgency in Northeast India
In 1947 Indian independence and partition resulted in a landlocked region, exace
rbating the isolation that has been recognized, but not studied. Muslim Banglade
sh controlled access to the Indian Ocean.[20] The mountainous terrain has hamper
ed the road and railways connection in the region.[citation needed]
On 2 November 2000, in Malom, a town in the Imphal Valley of Manipur, ten civili
ans were shot and killed while waiting at a bus stop. The incident, known as the
"Malom Massacre",[21][22] was allegedly committed by the Assam Rifles, one of t
he Indian Paramilitary forces operating in the state.[23][24] This incident resu
lted in continuing unrest in the area.
The militant groups have formed an alliance to fight against the Governments of
India, Bhutan and Myanmar and now use the term "Western Southeast Asia" (WESEA)
to refer to the region.[25] The groups include the Kangleipak Communist Party (K
CP), Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak
(PREPAK), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak-Pro (PREPAK-Pro), Revolutio
nary People's Front (RPF) and United National Liberation Front (UNLF) of Manipur
, Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC) of Meghalaya, Kamatapur Liberat
ion Organization (KLO), which operates in Assam and North Bengal, National Democ
ratic Front of Bodoland and ULFA of Assam and the National Liberation Front of T
ripura (NLFT).[26]