BER CALCULATIONS

For 8-psk constellation

M=8. Order of modulation.
L

k=0,1,2. M 1.
m=0,1,2M.

If an ideal PSK signal is optimally demodulated. Then using complex phasor

notation. Each of the complex decision variables takes one of the following M value.

s m ( t ) =g ( t ) cos ( c t+ m ) m=0,1, , M 1.

m =

( 2 m+ 1 )
m=0,1, , M 1.
M
s 0=r 0 e j

s 1=r 1 e j

s 2=r 2 e j 2=
3

0=

1 =

3
8

5
8
s 3=r 3 e j

s 4 =r 4 e j 4 4=

9
8

3=

7
8

s 5=r 5 e j 5=

11
8

s 6=r 6 e j 6 =

13
8

s 7=r 7 e j 7=

15
8

OPTIMALLY DEMODULATED THE USING COMPLEX PHASOR NOTATION

s m= e j m=0,1, , M 1.
m

s k =r k e j =i k + j qk k =0,1, .. , M L 1.
k

r k = i k 2 +q k 2 .
k =tan 1

RECEIVED SIGNAL AT RECEIVER:

y k =s k + nk k=0,1, .. , M L 1.

NOISE VARIANCE:

2= 2r + 2i =N 0

n=

h ( n ) 2=

2
N0
|
h ( e j )| d

qk
ik

( )

2
N0
= + =N 0 h ( n ) =
|
h ( e j )| d

2
n=
2

2
r

Where

1
P b= L
M

2
i

N0

is the one sided power spectral density.

M 1

k=0

Pb ( s k , m ) =

Pb ( s k , m )

1
log 2 ( M )

M1

wmn Pn /m ( sk , m )
n=0

BINARY BIT MAPPING OF WEIGHTS:

[ ]
[ ]

0 11 21 2 23
10 2 12 1 32
12 0 12 3 12
W = 21 1 03 2 21
12 2 30 1 12
21 3 21 0 21
23 1 21 2 01
3 22 12 1 10

GRAY-CODED BIT MAPPING OF WEIGHTS:

0 12 12 3 21
10 1 23 2 12
21 0 12 3 21
W = 12 1 01 2 32
21 21 0 1 23
3 21 21 0 12
23 2 12 1 01
12 3 21 2 10

ROTATING THE RECEIVED SYMBOL:

j

'
k

S =e

2 m
M

sk .

WHERE

m =

2 m
M

2 m
M

2 m
M

2 m
M

2 m
M

2 m
M

2 m
M

2 m
M

S '0=e
'
1

S =e

'
2

S =e

S '3=e
S '4 =e
'
5

S =e

S '6=e

S '7=e

s0

= r0 e

j 0

j 1

2 1
8

2 2
8

2 3
8

2 4
8

2 5
8

2 6
8

2 7
8

s1 = r1 e e

s2

= r2 e

j 2

s3

= r3 e

j 3

s4

= r4 e

j 4

s5

= r5 e

j 5

s6

j
= r6 e e

s7

= r7 e

j 7

2 0
8

= r0 e

j 0

= r1 e

j 0

= r2 e

j 0

= r3 e

j 0

= r4 e

j 0

= r5 e

j 0

= r6 e

j 0

= r7 e

j 0

( 2 m+ 1 )
M

TRANSFORM THE WIEGHT OF BIT WITH RESPECTIVELY:

w 'mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M .

w 'mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

w 'mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

w mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

w 'mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

w 'mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

w mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

w 'mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

'

'

'

w mn=w m ( n+ m) mod M . =1

ROTATED TO THE

Pb ( s k , m) =

1
log 2 ( M )

R0

DECISION REGION:

M 1

w'mn Pn /0 ( s'k )
n =1

EXPRESSED IN VECTOR NOTATION:

Pb ( s k , m) =

1
W T (k ) p (k )
log 2 ( M )

INDIVIDUAL ERROR EVENT PROBABILITIES GIVEN BY

A SET OF HALF-PLANE, QUARTER-PLANE, AND CORRECTION PLANE PROBABILITES IN

Pn /0 ( s 'k )

TEMS OF DESIRED

HALF-PLANE CALCULATION:

1
hi (k )= erfc
2

1
h1 (0 )= erfc
2

1
h2 (0 )= erfc
2

1
h3 (0 )= erfc
2

1
h4 (0)= erfc
2

r k sin

( 2Mi ) i=1,2 M .
k

r 0 sin

2
)
r sin ( )
( 2 1
M
8
1
= erfc
0

r 0 sin

2 2
)
r sin (
)
( 2 2
M
8
1
= erfc
0

) (

) (

2 3
)
r sin (
)
( 2 3
M
8
1
= erfc
0

r 0 sin

) (

r 0 sin

)
)

2 4
)
r sin (
)
( 2 4
M
8
1
= erf c
0

) (
2

QUADRATURE - PLANE CALCULATIONS:

qi ( k )=hi ( k ) ( 1h i+ M/ 4 ( k ) ) i=1,2,.,

M
.
4

q1 ( 0 ) =h1 ( 0 ) ( 1h1+ M /4 ( 0 )) =h 1 ( 0 ) ( 1h1+8 /4 ( 0 ) )

q 2 ( 0 ) =h2 ( 0 ) ( 1h2 +M / 4 ( 0 ) )=h 2 ( 0 ) ( 1h2+ M/ 4 ( 0 ) )

CORRECTION-PLANE CALCULATION:

c i ( k )=

1
2

( x+i k )

f ( x ; i , M , q k , ) dx i=1,2 . ,

M
1.
4

i k =r k cos ( k ) .
q k =r k sin ( k ) .
x = (0 to 20)* .

f ( x ; i , M , q k , )=erfc

tan

( 2 ( 1iM ) ) x +q

) (
erfc

tan

( 2(Mi ) ) x +q

 erfc

erfc

tan

)
( 2 (11
) x+ q
M

) (

tan

erfc

( 2 (Mi) ) x+ q

qk
x +q k
erfc

( )

( )

EXPRESSED IN LINEAR EQUATION FORM:

M
+ ( i1 )
2

hi (k )=

n=i

M
+ ( i1)
4

qi ( k ) =

n=i

'

P n/ 0 ( s k ) i=1,2

'

Pn /0 ( s k ) i=1,2,.,

M
.
2

M
.
4
M
+ ( i1 )
2

c i ( k )=
n=

M
( i1)
2

Pn /0 ( s'k ) i=1,2 . ,

M
1.
4

THE SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS SPECIFIED CAN BE EXPRESSED COMPACTTLY IN

MATRIX-VECTOR NOTATION AS

Z ( k ) =Ap ( k )
WHERE

A=

[]

h1 ( k )
h2 ( k )
h3 ( k )
( k ) = h4 ( k )
Z
q1 ( k )
q2 ( k )
c1 ( k )

[ ]
1 11 10 0 0
0 1 11 10 0
0 0 1 11 10
0 0 0 1 11 1
11 0 0 0 0 0
0 11 0 0 0 0
0 0 01 0 0 0

THE SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS SPECIFIED BY CAN BE SOLVED FOR THE UNKNOWN

PRABABILITES:

p ( k )= A Z ( k ) .

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

A1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

[]

h1 (k )
h2 (k )
h3 (k )
( k ) = h4 ( k )
Z
q1 ( k )
q2 ( k )
c1 (k )

h1 ( k )q2 ( k )c1 ( k )
h1 ( k ) +q 1 ( k ) + q2 ( k ) +c 1 ( k )
h1 ( k )q1 ( k )c 1 ( k )
1
c1 ( k )
A Z (k ) =
h2 ( k )q2 ( k )c1 ( k )
h1 ( k )h 2( k ) +h3 ( k ) +q 1 ( k )+ q2 ( k ) +c 1 ( k )
h1 (k )h3 ( k ) +h4 (k )q1 ( k )c 1 ( k )

THE BIT ERROR PROBABILTY :

1
P b= L
M log 2 M

M 1

W T ( k ) A1 Z ( k ) .
k=0