###

### ###
3.19
48
632 ###

3.19 42
### 253
Qflue ### KJ/s
###
Qs
### KJ/s
### ### Qflue>Qs?
#REF!

Refuse
Thru put
#REF! T/dy
NCV
#REF! Kcal/kg
Mw
500 Kg/ton
%unburnt #REF!
%heat loss #REF!
Qrefuse
#REF! KJ/s
RH in air
0.1
Mwpri
#REF! Kg/s
Mwsec
#REF! Kg/s
Mwflue
#REF! Kg/s
hw25deg
#REF! KJ/kg
hw250deg #REF! KJ/kg
hw850deg #REF! KJ/kg
Qin req
#REF! KJ/s
Can Tflue>850deg? #REF!

###
### ###
Blowdown 0.22 42
### 253

###
1 250

Blowdown

10

11

12

P2

15 40
### 250

15 36
### 440

30 34.3
### 435

From SH(2)

2.45 9.58
3055 296
3 1.1
### 103

P1

1.31 1.88
### 133

25.967 5.39
429.13 102

P1

4
L
13

23 0.05
### 33.9

P1

23 0.05
138 33.9

23 5.39
138 33.2

Project: PRC Senzhen Incineration Plant

Title: Thermal dynamics analysis
By:EK Goh
date: 20/11/2000
(air25) Air density @ 25 degC
Flue density @ 25 degC
Flue density @ 200 degC
Flue density @ 1300 degC
Cp air@25deg
Cp air@80deg
Cp air@250deg
Cp flue@200deg
Cp flue@400deg
Cp flue@850deg
Cp flue@1300deg
Atm air temp
Flue Temp @ inlet of boiler
Flue temp @ inlet of superheater
Pri air first pre-heated temp
Pri air sec pre-heated temp
Desired emission Temp
V flue @25 DegC
M flue @25 DegC
V air pri @25 DegC
M air pri @25 DegC
V air sec @25 DegC
M air sec @25 DegC
Moisture content
Moisture content in refuse
Refuse thru-put per line
NCV refuse
No of line
Estimated unburnt
Estimated Heat loss
NCV fuel
Fuel cost
Unit rate of power sold
Known enthalpy state
h1 = hg @ 37b
h3 @ 34.3b = h10 @ 4b
h4 @ 0.16b
h5 = h6
h7 = h8
h9 @37b
h11=h@4b,300C
h12 = hf@4b
h13 = hf@37b
Other assumption
Boiler pressure
Boiler saturated steam temp
Superheater pressure
Superheater steam temp
Condenser pressure
Condenser saturated temp
H(2) Expansion valve pressure
H(2) Expansion valve temp before
water injection
H(2) Expansion valve controlled temp
H(2) saturated temp @4b
H(1) expansion vlv pressure
H(1) expansion vlv temp = Tsat
@4bar
Deaerater tank pressure
Deaerater tank outlet temp
Feedwater temp
Diff press of FD fan (A2)
Isentropic eff
Flue velocity in superheater
Flue velocity in stack
Air velocity in fan duct
Cpf Cooling water

1.177
1.177
0.7483
0.2246
1.0049
1.0084
1.0342
1.1247
1.165
1.263
1.3181
25
850
1300
80
250
200
23295
7.616
10616
3.471
7289.3
2.383
0.01
500
150
1450
10
0.02
0.02
10000
$1,000
$150.00

Kg/m3
Kg/m3
Kg/m3
Kg/m3
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
degC
degC
degC
degC
degC
degC
Nm3/hr
Kg/s
Nm3/hr
Kg/s
Nm3/hr
Kg/s
Kg/Kg air
Kg/Ton
Ton/dy
Kcal/Kg
line

1.0247 assumed
1.065 approx
1.163 assumed
1.2181 assumed
298 degK
1123 degK
1573 degK
353 degK
Cx Ts of Heater
523 degK
1 b4 accept
473 degK
Contain gases given off frm refuse
PV/T = C

Kcal/Kg
41868 KJ/Kg
$/Ton
Per MWhr

2802
3303
2208
192
546
632
3067
605
1066

KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK
KJ/KgK

37
246
34.3
435
0.1
45.8
4

bar
degC
bar
degC
bar
degC
bar

414 degC
300 degC
143.6 degC
4 bar
143.6
3
130
150
90
0.9
6
3
12
4.181

degC
bar
degC
degC
mbar
m/s
m/s
m/s
KJ/KgK

assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed

Cooling Water Inlet Temp

Limit of Cooling water discharge

27 degC
37 degC

delta T=10degC

Values in red are dependent on

1 selected operating condition.
Do not change without changing
these parameters.
Values in blue are dependent on
2 conditions in PRC.
Plse change accordingly.
Values in green are selected
3 operating condition.
Plse change accordingly.

Remarks:

Incineration
Qin refuse per line
Actual Qin refuse per line
Mw in pri air
Mw in sec air
Mw in refuse
Mw in flue gas
hw@850deg,atm
hw@250deg,atm
hw@25deg,atm
To heat pri air, sec air, all moisture to 850 degC
Qin pri
Qin sec
Qin refuse water
Total Qin required

=Mrefuse x NCVrefuse
=(1-%unburnt-%heatloss)xQin
refuse
=M pri air x %moisture
=M sec air x %moisture
=M refuse x %moisture
=Total M water content

=Qair(250 to 850) + Qw(250 to

850)
=Qair(25 to 850) + Qw(25 to
850)
=Mw refuse x(hw25 to hw850)

10539.69 KJ/s
10118.10
0.035
0.024
0.868
0.927
4958
2975
2675

KJ/s
Kg/s
Kg/s
Kg/s
Kg/s
KJ/Kg
KJ/Kg
KJ/Kg

3114.36 KJ/s
2720.94 KJ/s
1981.77 KJ/s
7817.07 KJ/s

Is Qin refuse > Qin required ?

Can the temp b4 boiler be higher or

more steam than the design load can be
generated?

Boiler
Energy air side = Energy steam side
Msi =Mwi

=MfluexCp(850-200)/(h9-h1)

3.111 Kg/s

=Mpair x Cp(80-25)/(h1-h13)

0.113 Kg/s

11.199 Ton/hr

At Air Heater (1)

MsH1
At Air Heater (2)
MsH2
=Mpair x Cp(250-80)/(h11-h13)
Mass balance for turbine
Mst
=(Msi - MsH1)x10 Lines
Mst + Mcw - Ms - MsH3 - 10MsH2
=0
Ms+MsH3-Mcw
= Mst - 10MsH2
Energy balance for Deareater (refer to Sheet-Deareater)
Solving
MsH3
Mcw
Ms
Is energy in balance?
At Superheater and feedwater heater
Q superheater
Q feedwater heater
Q required frm fuel
M a2
V a2@1300DegC
V a2@200DegC
V a2@25DegC
Diameter of furnance
Diameter of Stack
Diameter of FD Fan

0.261 Kg/s

Mst

29.980 Kg/s

Ms

Mcw

27.373 Kg/s

3.179 Kg/s
0.542 Kg/s
24.735 Kg/s

MsH3
10MsH2

=Mst(h3-h1)
=10xMwi(h9-h8)
= Q sh + Q fw
= Qtotal/(CpT1300-CpT200)
= M a2 / Density@1300DegC
= M a2 / Density@200DegC
= M a2 / Density@25DegC
=Va2@1300/Vel
=Va2@200/Vel
=Va2@25/Vel

15019.76
2675.40
17695.16
11.48
51.11
15.34
9.75
3.29
2.55
1.02

KJ/s
KJ/s
KJ/s
Kg/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m
m
m

Value include 1.5 time excess air

Temp after superheater

384 degC

FD Fan Pwr @60%eff

Displacement

146.30 KW
35113.04 m3/hr

At Furnance
Mass fuel consumed

=Ma2(CpT1300-CpT25)/Cvfuel

0.486 Kg/s
42.02 Ton/dy
$15,339,056 per yr

Mech power output

Revenue on power alone

=Ms(h3-h4) x Eff isen

24.4 MW
$32,030,521 per yr

Actual enthalpy h4'

Q rejection
M cooling water

=h3 - (h3-h4)xEff isen

= Ms(h4' - h5)
=Qrej/Cpw(T37-T27)

Total Qin frm refuse

Total Qin frm fuel
Thermal Efficiency

=10xMrefuse x NCVrefuse
= Mfuel x NCV fuel
= Pwr out/Total Qin

Fuel cost per year

At Turbine

At Condenser
2317.5 KJ/kg
52.57 MW
1257.46 Kg/s
4526.84 Ton/Hr
Too large, reservior water may not be sufficient. Probably a cooling tower will be more appropriate
Thermal Analysis
105396.88
20364.52
19.38%

Approx value only

Mass balance for turbine

Mst
Ms+MsH3-Mcw
Therefore, Ms

=
=
=

29.98
27.37
27.37 - MsH3 + Mcw

eqn(1)

At Deareater
h13, 10MsH1
10MsH2, h12

MsH3, h11

Ms+10MsH1+10MsH2+MsH3
h7

Ms, h6

(Ms + MsH3 + 10MsH1 + 10MsH2)h7 =

Ms(h7-h6) - MsH3(h11-h7)
=
354 Ms
2521 MsH3
=

Msxh6 + MsH3xh11 + 10MsH1xh13 +10MsH2xh12

10MsH1(h13-h7) + 10MsH2(h12-h7)
741.27
eqn(2)

At Expansion Valve
h3,

10MsH2 + MsH3

Mcw, h8
10MsH2(h3-h11)
h11,

10MsH2 + MsH3 + Mcw

(10MsH2 + MsH3)h3 + Mcwxh8

10MsH2(h3-h11)
Mcw(h11-h8) - MsH3(h3-h11)
2521 Mcw
236 MsH3

=
=
=
=

(10MsH2 + MsH3 + Mcw)h11

Mcw(h11-h8) + MsH3(h11-h3)
10MsH2(h3-h11)
615.24
eqn(3)

=
=
=
=

741.27
354x27.37 - 741.27
8948.63
63727.42

Sub (1)in(2)

(4)x

7.12 => (5)+(3)

Solving

354(27.37-MsH3+Mcw) - 2521MsH3
-354Mcw + MsH3(2521+354)
354 Mcw
+
2875 MsH3
2521 Mcw
+
20474 MsH3
0 Mcw

MsH3
=
Mcw
=
Ms
=
Checking for balancing (At Deareator)
Energy in
=
=
Energy Out
=
=
Balance?
=

20238 MsH3

eqn(4)
eqn(5)

64342.66

3.17926 Kg/s
0.54167 Kg/s
24.74 Kg/s
Msxh6 + MsH3xh11 + 10MsH1xh13 +10MsH2xh12
17281
(Ms + MsH3 + 10MsH1 + 10MsH2)h7
17281
1
=> Answer is correct!

Legend
Steam flow

Airflow

Kg/s

KJ/Kg

kg/s

KJ/kgK

bar

degC

m3/s

degC
11.48

1.165
384

Superheater

11.48

29.980

3303

34.3

435

1.3181
1300

Fuel

10
Furnance

5.245

3303

0.542

546

414

143.6

0.542

546

37

130

Common steam header

11
2802

37

246

1.0049 FD fan(2)

7.61617
Boiler

300

Turbine

25
Superheated steam header

1.1247
200

1.263

0.261

3067

300

Heater(2)

3.47084

850

3.179

3067

300

Heater(1)

3.47084

1.0049

1.0084

2.94889

25

0.113

2802

37

246

80

632

37

150

150T/dy Refuse

Sec air

2.3832

1.0049

2.02481

25

1.1247

3.47084

200
feedwater

heater

605

143.6

13

1.0342

546

37

130

632

37

150

1066

143.6

605

3.179

3067

143.6

300

7
31.651

31.109

1.130

2.607

P2
Common feed
header

0.113

1066

37

246

0.113

1066

143.6

0.542

546

37

130

2208

0.1

45.8

24.735

192

0.1

45.8

250
31.651

24.735

24.4 MW

12

Incinerator

11.48

0.261

PWR =

FD fan(1)

L
3.111

435

To other line

common return
header

7.61617

9.8

3067

3303

34.3

546
130

24.735

192

45.8

P1

6
Deareater

Cooling water

11.48
3.111

6.328

24.735