Tyler Poppe

ENGL 2010
July 3, 2015
Tipping: Annotated Bibliography Rough Draft
Cook, Stephanie. "A history of 'handing it over'." Christian Science
Monitor 23 Oct. 2000: 14. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 July
2015.
A History of Handing it Over gives a brief summary of the
history of tipping. It tells of its believed origin in Roman Empire, but
the more likely beginning in English pubs in the 16th century. In these
pubs it was a way of receiving prompt service. Other possible
beginnings are that feudal lords would throw gold coins to peasants in
the street so that they could receive safe passage. Tipping began in
America in the 19th century as Americans who had picked up the
custom in Europe brought it home. Many Americans opposed this and
saw it as un-American but it has continued as a common practice
since that day despite opposition.

Quote: "We're more affluent. Culturally, we believe in achievement.

The stronger the need for achievement in a country, the greater the
number of service professions it's customary to tip," he says.
"Americans derive status from displays of wealth."

This seems to be a credible source as it comes from an academic

journal. This will help my research as it gives a great summary of the

beginning of the gratuity system and what its functions were in the
beginning. It then goes on to talk about how it made its way over to
America.

Conley, Dalton. "Tip Jars And The New Economy." Chronicle Of Higher
Education 49.17 (2003): B15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5
July 2015.
Tip Jars And The New Economy begins with a brief summary of
the origins of tipping. It then goes on to speak more about the
economic impacts of a business. Tipping can be good for employees
when the economy is good but in a struggling economy a employee
that is working for tips may struggle to receive the income that he
deserves. He then speaks about how employees had been paid the
past. He begins speaking about the per-unit system, then hourly
wages, then salary. Tipping is a major step back as it constantly holds
employees accountable and takes away their freedom.

Quote: While the rich get richer, those who serve the rich are increasingly left
to appeal to the better instincts of the well off. The rich also need to have a way to
release their guilt. If they tip big, then how bad can they feel for driving $40,000
SUV's and drinking their $4 coffees? (Of course, often it is the less well off who
tip the most, out of insecurity.)

This comes from an academic journal. This fits well in my

research as it gives a different perspective about tipping and even
some of its negatives. The majority of the essay is against tipping
though which makes it difficult to apply to my theme of reasons to tip.

Videbeck, Steen. "The Economics & Etiquette Of Tipping." Policy 20.4

(2004): 38-41. Business Source Premier. Web. 5 July 2015.
The Economics & Etiquette of Tipping talks about just what the
title says, the economics and etiquette of tipping. It gives an
interesting perspective to the economics side of it as it presents the
principal-agent problem. The principal is the business and the agent is
the employee working for tips. The problem is that the agent will
almost always do what is in his best interest, in this case receiving a
tip, even at the expense of the principal, or business. It also talks about
different techniques in order to receive tips and how consumers of the
service will offer the tips.

Quote:One theory states that people tip simply to avoid the

considerable stigma that accompanies 'stiffing' (not leaving a tip)a
kind of selfish economic agent with feelings.

This is an academic article. I believe that it goes well with my research

because it presents some of the psychological aspects of tips. It
presents some of the mental aspects that go along with giving service
in order to receive a tip. This is valuable to my research.

"15 Things You Didn't Know About Tipping." Time. Time. Web. 6 July
2015.
This article seems to be more of an opinion with different
statistics from the world of tipping. It tells different stories from where
tips are left and how they are received. It also give more of an
explanation about tipping within a hotel and how housekeeping
employees are often neglected when it comes to tips. It gives
statistics about what groups are good and bad tippers. It also explains
who is more likely to receive a tip. One part that I really enjoyed was a
story about star athlete LeSean McCoy leaving a bad tip to emphasize
bad service.

Quote: Dads tip babysitters, moms stiff them. Men typically tip
the babysitter for an average of $2.20, while the typical babysitter tip
offered by women is $0, according to a PayScale survey.
This article comes from a reliable website but seems fairly
opinionated. It may not be the most reliable source but it does give
some interesting statistics. It goes well with my research because it
explains who tips and reasons why others dont. It doesnt help a lot
though because it does not have a lot of meaningful content.

I have an interview schedule with Phil Rosenthal on July 10th. Phil has
been a Bell Captain at The Grand America Hotel for 12 years and has a
lot of experience in the in the service industry. Once the interview is
done I will be able to update this section of the annotated bibliography
rough draft.