Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
& Measurements
Section I
Single Correct Option
1, K =
1
mv2
2
p2 =
m
v
K
=
+2
K max
m
v
m
l
d 100
=
100 + 3 100
d
max m
l
= 4% + 3(3%)
= 13%
Option (d) is correct.
F
F
3. p =
=
A L2
Permissible error in pressure ( p)
= 4% + 2 (2%)
= 8%
Option (a) is correct.
4.
p1V1 = p2 V2
V
p2 = p1 1
V2
= p1
=
V1
V1 10% of V1
p1
90%
p1
9
100
9
= 111
.
Option (a) is correct.
p2
5. K =
2m
Error in the measurement of kinetic
energy (K)
= 2 100%
= 200%
Option (d) is correct.
6. 3400 = 3.400 103
Number of significant figures = 2
Option (d) is correct.
7. A = 3.124 m 3.002 m
= 9.378 / 248 m 2
= 9.378 m 2
Option (a) is correct.
GM
8.
g= 2
R
constant
=
R2
1 2
K = I
2
1 2
= MR2
2 5
= constant R2
16. Q = I e
= 12 6 2.45
= 176.4
= 1764
.
102 cm 3
2
= 2 10 cm 2
Option (b) is correct.
P
11. I =
4 r2
i.e., Ir2 = constant
i.e., if r is increased by 2% the intensity
will decrease by 4%.
Option (d) is correct.
12. Option (b) is correct.
4
13.
V = r 3
3
V
r
=3
V
r
= 3(1%)
= 3%
Option (c) is correct.
14. a 3 = 6a2 (given)
a=6
V = 63 = 216 m 3
Option (b) is correct.
l
15. g = 4 2 2
T
l
T
g
100
=
100 + 2
100
T
l
g
max
1 mm
015
.
=
100 + 2
10
2003
100 m
= 01
. % + 01
. % = 0.2 %
Option (a) is correct.
(given)
Q = It
9. Heat (H) = 22 Rt
10. V = lbt
| 3
We know that
tI
( V ) 0
t= e
tI
(V ) 0
[ ] = [ t ]
tI
and [ ] =
( V ) 0
or
= tI = I 1
( V ) 0 t ( V ) 0
1
1
=
[Resistance] 0
1
1
=
[ML2 T 3A 2 ] [M1L3T 4 A 2 ]
1
= 1 = [velocity]
[L T]
1
=
[ 0 0 ]1/ 2
a 100
=
100 +
100
a
max 2 p
2 q
r
s
+2
100 + 3
100
r
1
1
= (1%) + (3%) +2 (0.5%) + 3(0.33%)
2
2
= 0.5% + 1.5% +1% + 1%
= 4%
Option (c) is correct.
18. Least count of main scale
2 mm
=
= 0.5 mm
4
least count of main scale
Least count =
50
= 0.1 mm
Zero error = 30 0.01 mm
= 0.3 mm
(ive sign, zero of circular scale is lying
above observed reading of plate thick)
= 2 MSR + 20 CSR
4 | Mechanics-1
= (2 05
. mm) + (20 0.01 mm)
= 1 mm + 0.2 mm
= 1.2 mm.
Plate thickness (corrected reading)
1. (a) F =
GM1M2
r2
GM1M2 = Fr2
i. e., [GM1M2 ] = [MLT 2 ][L2 ]
= [ML3T 2 ]
(a) (q)
3 RT 3 pV 3 work
(b)
=
=
M
n
nM
3 RT ML2 T 2
=
= [L2 T 2 ]
M M
qvB sin
=
qB
= v2 sin2
F2
1 2
2 2
q2 B2 = [LT ] = [L T ]
(c) ( r)
(d)
g=
GM e
R2e
GM e
= gRe
Re
(b) (r)
F2
F
(c) 2 2 =
qB
qB
GM e
2
R = [LT ][L]
e
= [L2 T 2 ]
(d) ( r)
Force
Area
[MLT 2 ]
[ p] =
[L2 ]
1. Pressure ( p) =
= [ML1T 2 ]
Option (d) is correct.
2.
W = I 2 Rt
[ML2 T 2 ] [ML2 T 2 A 2 ]
[R] =
(i)
=
[T ]
[A 2 T]
dI
and W = Vq
V =L
dt
W dt
L=
q dI
[L] =
[ML2 T 2 ][T]
= [ML2 T 2 A 2 ]
2
[A T]
i.e.,
F = 6 av
[F ]
[ ] =
[ av ]
[ML T 2 ]
=
[L L T 1 ]
= [ML1 T 1 ]
Option (d) is correct.
4.
= Li
[ ] = [ L ][ i]
= [ML2 T 2 A 2 ] [ A ]
= [ML2 T 2 A 1 ]
Option (a) is correct.
5. Linear impulse ( I ) = F t
[ML T 2 ]
= [ML T 4 ]
[ T2]
6 | Mechanics-1
10. E = h
q = CV
and
V = iR
q = iCR
i t = iCR
[CR] = [ t ] = [M0 L0 T A 0 ]
Option (a) is correct.
1 q1 q2
18. F =
4 0 r2
= [M][L T 1 ] 2
[Mass] = [ Ev 2 ]
Option (c) is correct.
1
Energy
12. 0 E2 = Energy density =
2
Volume
2
[ML
T 2 ]
1
2
E =
0
3
2
[L ]
=
=
2
I
mr
mr2
17.
[ML2 T 2 ]
[ h] =
= [ML2 T 1 ]
[T 1 ]
nh
Angular momentum ( J ) =
2
[ J ] = [ h] = [ML2 T 1 ]
Option (b) is correct.
1
h = [L T ] = [T 1 ]
I L
= [ML1 T 2 ]
Option (b) is correct.
[ a ] = [T 2 ]
13.
[T 2 ]
[ b] =
[L ][ML1 T 2 ]
a = [M T 2 ]
b
15.
= [F L1 T 2 ]
Option (a) is correct.
16. Coefficient of friction ()
[] = [M0 L0 T 0 ]
= Frequency
Option (a) is correct.
b
20.
v = at +
t+c
b
t +
[ c] = [ T ]
= [v ]
c
[ b] = [L T 1 ] [T] = [L]
[ at ] = [v ] = [L T 1 ]
[a] = [L T 2 ]
x
2
= A sin c t
2x
= (angle)
[ x ] = [ ] = [L ]
Further, y = A sin
[ A ] = [ y ] = [L ]
Option (a) is correct.
or
22.
[ X ] = [M1 L3 T 3 A 2 ]
[T A 2 ]
=
[ML2 T 2 ]
[ t] [ i ]
[ Work ]
[QW = i2 Rt]
X is resistance.
F = 2 ^i 3 ^j + 4 k
23.
or
24.
0.25 + 0.64 + c2 = 1
c2 = 1 0.89
c = 0.11
Option (b) is correct.
or
or
A2 + 2 A B + B2 = C2
A B = 0
or
cos = 0
=
2
122 + 52 + 2 P Q = 132
P Q = 0
or
or
or
A B = |A ||B|cos 60
34. P + Q + R = 0
is 60.
|A |= |B|
A2 B2 = 0
A=B
A A + B A B B A B = 0
(P + Q) (P + Q) = R R
26. ( A + B) ( A B) = 0
P2 + Q2 + 2 P Q = R2
|A ||B|cos = 0
32. P + Q = R
A B = 0
A A + 2 A B + B B = C C
or
A2 + B2 + 2 A B = A2 + B2 2 A B
( A + B) ( A + B) = ( A B) ( A B)
i.e.,
or
25. |A + B|= |A B|
or
or
( A + B) ( A + B) = C C
or
= 17 ^i 6 ^j 13 k
^ ^ ^
i
j k
= r F = 3 2 3
2 3 4
= 7.5
Option (b) is correct.
30. A + B = C
r =3i+2j+3k
1
= (3) (5)
2
P+Q= R
(P + Q) (P + Q) = ( R) ( R)
P P + Q Q + 2 P Q = R R
P2 + Q2 + 2 P Q = R2
Let Q2 = P2 and R = P 2
Thus, Eq. (i) takes the form
P2 + P2 + 2 PQ cos = 2 P2
or
2 PQcos = 0
(i)
8 | Mechanics-1
or
or
( Q sin )
Q sin
P + Q cos P Q cos
=
( Q sin )
Q sin
1
( P + Q cos ) ( P Q cos )
2 PQ sin
= 2
P + Q2 cos 2
cos = 0
= 90
P+Q+R=0
P+R= Q
(P + R) (P + R ) = ( Q) ( Q)
or
or
or
or
or
P2 + R2 + 2 PR cos = Q2
2 PR cos = Q2 P2 R2
2 PR cos = R2
2P cos = R
2 P cos = P 2
1
cos =
2
or
or
for R = P = Q
P2 = P2 + P2 + 2 PP cos
1
or
cos =
2
or
= 120
Option (b) is correct.
= 135
W = F s
37.
135
= (3 ^i + 4 ^j) (3 ^i + 4 ^j)
P
90
= 25 J
Option (b) is correct.
135
+Q
P
'
P
Q
tan =
Q sin
P + Q cos
= a2 2a 3
38. P Q = ( a i + a j + 3 k) ( a i 2 j k)
For P Q, P Q = 0
i.e., a2 2a 3 = 0
or ( a 3)( a + 1) = 0
a=3
Other value is ive.
Option (d) is correct.
39. If a vector makes angles , and with
3
9 6
Now, =
, =
7
49 7
9
and
+
49
Option (a) is correct.
40. A = 4 i 3 j
B = 8 ^i + 8 $j
and
36 2
4
, =
49 7
49
36
4
+
=1
49 49
A + B = C = 12 ^i + 5 ^j
C=
B=2N
Option (c) is correct.
12 ^i + 5 ^j
C
=
|C|
122 + 52
C = i + 2$j + 3 k
(A C ) B = 0
$
i$ $j k
^
2 3 2 (5 ^i + n ^j + k) = 0
1 2 3
or
=a a +ba a bbb
=0a ba b0
= 2(a b) = 2( b a )
Option (a) is correct.
44.
A = 3 ^i + 4 ^j + 5 k
2 + 32 2
43. (a + b) (a b)
2+3
2
(13 ^i 4 ^j + 7 k) (5 ^i + n ^j + k) = 0
Component of A along ^i + ^j
5
C=
(2 ^i + 3 ^j )
26
5
|C|=
2
or
65 4 n + 7 = 0
or
n = 18
Option (a) is correct.
A B
|A ||B|
5
=
13 2
5
=
26
B = ^i + ^j
and
^
^
^
41. A = 2 i + 3 $j 2 k, B = 5 i + n$j + k,
12 ^ 5 ^
=
i+
j
13
13
Option (b) is correct.
or
(i)
R2 = 13 P2 + 12 P2 cos
Further
(2R)2 = (6 P)2 + (2 P)2 + 2 6 P 2 P cos
or 4 R2 = 40 P2 + 24 P2 cos
(ii)
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i),
10 P2 + 6 P2 cos = 13 P2 + 12 P2 cos
or
6 cos = P
or
= 120
Option (b) is correct.
Q sin
48.
tan =
P + Q cos
B = 3 ^i + 4 ^j 5 k
cos =
( A B)
=0
= 90
Option (c) is correct.
45.
Q = 2P
|A ||B|
9 + 16 25
= 2
3 + 42 + 52
A + B=7
A B=3
R
= 90
P
As
i.e.,
= 90, tan =
P + Q cos = 0
P
Q
P
=
2P
cos =
10 | Mechanics-1
1
2
= 120
or
P 16 = 96
49. A B = 0
51. |A B|= 3 ( A B)
A
B C
tan = 3
= 60
|A B|= [ A2 + B2 + AB] 1/ 2
A C = 0
(ii)
AC
= A2 + B2 + 2 AB cos 60
= A2 + B2 + AB
(i)
AB
|A ||B|sin = 3 |A | |B|cos
P = + 6N
Q = 10 N
B and C.
or
or
P + Q + 2 PQ cos = 8
( P + Q)2 + 2 PQ (cos 1) = 64
2 PQ(cos 1) = 192
P ( P + Q) = 96
8 + 12 + 8 = 0
P+Q+R= 0
54.
P + Q cos = 0
Q cos = P
(A B ) A = 0
53. (2 i + 3 j + 8 k) ( 4 i + 4 j + k) = 0
(16)2 + 2 PQ (cos 1) = 64
PQ cos PQ = 96 (i)
Q sin
(as
tan =
=
P + Q cos
= 90)
or
C A = 0
or
or P2 + Q2 + 2 PQ + 2 PQ cos 2 PQ = 64
or
P2 + Q2 + 2 PQ cos = R2
50.
(ii)
If,
|P|
|Q|
|R|
=
=
sin sin sin
1
2
OA + AB = OB
55.
between A + B and A B is 90
B (2,6,4)
A2 + B2 cos 2 = 0
or
A2 = B2 cos 2
or
A2 = B2 cos 2
2
or
A2 = B2 cos
or
A2 = B2
A=B
Y
A (0, 3, 1)
AB = OB OA
11
= ( 2 i + 6 ^j + 4 k) (0 ^i + 3 ^j k)
Q =
= 2 ^i + 3 ^j + 5 k
Option (c) is correct.
Match the Columns
1. (a) |A B|= |A B|
or
tan = 1
3
= ,
2 4
Thus, (a) (r) (s).
(b) A B = B A
or
4 A B = 0
AB
or
or
or
2 A B = 0 (Q A2 + B2 = C2 )
AB
Section II
Subjective Questions
1. 2 1011 N/m 2 =
(2 1011)(105 dyne)
(104 cm 2 )
= 2 1012 dyne/cm 2
(72)(105 N)
2. 72 dyne/cm =
= 0072
.
N/m
(102 m )
3.
[ a ] = [ y] = [ L]
A2 + 2 A B + B2 = C2
A A + B A + B A + B B = C C
or
|A + B|2 = |A B|2
( A + B) ( A + B) = C C
(d) A + B = C
(c) |A B|= |A B|
or
or
sin = sin
or
2 sin = 0
= 0 rad
Thus, (b) (p).
|A ||B|sin = |A ||B|sin
or
A B = (B A )
or
= A A B A A B + B B
(given)
or
or A A + B A + B A + B B
|A ||B|sin = |A ||B|cos
( A + B) ( A + B) = ( A B) ( A B)
[t ] = [M0L0 T 0 ] [ ] = [ T 1 ]
[ ] = [M0L0 T 0 ]
E
J
4. h =
=
= J-s
per sec
[ h] = [ML2 T 2 ][T] = [ML2 T 1 ]
5. [ b] = [ x2 ] = [ L2 ]
12 | Mechanics-1
b = [ p]
at
14. A + B = R (say) = 3 i$ + $j
L2
b
[a] = =
= [M1T 2 ]
2 3
tp
TML
T
1 2
1
6. St = ut + at u( t 1) + a( t 1)2
2
2
1
1
2
= u.1 a(1) + at(1) = u + at a
2
2
a
= u + (2t 1)
2
Here t in second. Hence the given
equation seems to be dimensionally
incorrect. But it is correct because 1 is
hidden.
7. LHS is dimensionless. While RHS has the
dimensions [L1 ].
8. LHS is dimensionless. Hence n = 0.
9. Just write the dimension of different
physical quantities.
10. E = km x n y a z .
Here k = a dimensionless constant
[ E ] = [ m ]x [ n] y [ a ] z
2 2
x = 1, y = 2 and z = 2
x y z
11. F = km v r
(k = a dimensionless constant)
x
[ F ] = [ m ] [v ] y [ r] z
[MLT 2 ] = [M]x [LT 1 ] y [L] z
Solving we get,
x = 1, y = 2 and z = 1
kmv2
F=
r
A B = S (say) = i$ + 5$j
RS
3+5
8
4
cos =
=
=
=
RS
9 + 1 1 + 25
260
65
4
= cos 1
65
15. Their dot product should be zero.
$ should be
16. Ratio of coefficients of $i, $j and k
same.
17. No solution is required.
2 x
$ =R
R
R
$
20. A B = C (say) = 3 i$ + 8 $j + 2k
Now A C = 6 + 8 2 = 0
AC
BC = 0+8 8 = 0
BC
A B
62+8
13. cos =
=
AB
9 + 1 + 4 4 + 4 + 16
12
3
=
=
336
21
22.
B
B sin
A
B cos
[ d] = [FL4 T 2 ]
Similarly other parts can be solved.
A B
B
$
19. A + B = R = 5$i $j + k
12. (a) [ d] = [ F ]x [ L ] y [ T ] z
3
B sin = R =
B
2
= 30
23. A + B = ( 4 $i + 6$j ) + B = 10 $i + 9 $j
B = (6$i + 3 $j)
3P
25.
4P
2P
R = P $i + 2 P $j 3 P $i 4 P $j
= ( 2 P i$ 2 P $j )
26.
R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2 PQ cos
S2 = P2 + Q2 2 PQ cos
R2 + S2 = 2 ( P2 + Q2 )
13
1. Suppose
=
rad s 1
30
Linear speed of its tip = radius angular
speed
= 2.0 cm
rad s 1
30
cms 1
15
As the tip would be moving with constant
speed.
Average speed =
cms 1
15
In 15 s the second hand would rotate
through 90 i.e., the displacement of its tip
will be r 2.
Modulus of average velocity of the tip of
second hand in 15 s.
r 2
=
15
2 2
=
cms 1
15
=
4v 2
2r
v
2 2 v2
=
r
2 2 (1)2
=
4
4r 2
2 2
speed
=
2r
speed
| 15
= 0.23 cm s 2
6. Distance = Speed time
D1 = v1t1
D2 = v2 t2
2 2
cms 1
= 0.9 cms 1
v 2
|Average acceleration|=
T/4
Average speed =
D1 + D2 v1t1 + v2 t2
=
t1 + t2
t1 + t2
( 4 2) + (6 3)
2+3
= 5.2 ms 1
(where v = speed)
1
1
= ut + at2 u ( t 1) + a( t 1)2
2
2
st = u + at
1
a
2
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
equation
v = t 3/ 4
ds
= t 3/ 4
dt
4.
1
2. st = u + at a is physically correct as it
2
gives the displacement of the particle in tth
second (or any time unit).
st = Displacement in t seconds
displacement in ( t 1) seconds
s=
(given)
(i)
3/ 4
dt =
3
+1
t4
3
+1
4
+c
4 7 /4
t
+c
7
i.e.,
s t7 /4
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. time t,
3
d2 s 3 4 1
=
t
dt2 4
a t 1/ 4
or
s=
is
s = ( 40 6) +
1
( 10) 62
2
= 240 180
= 60 m (in the upward direction)
Distance covered ( D) by the particle
Time to attain maximum height
16 | Mechanics-1
40
= 4s < 6 s
10
It implies that particle has come back
after attaining maximum height (h) given
by
u2
h=
2g
=
( 40)2
= 80 m
2 10
D = 80 + (80 60)
= 100 m
v = 40 10t
dx
= 40 10t
dt
or
dx = ( 40 10t) dt
or
x = ( 40 10t) dt
or
x = 40t 5t2 + c
As at t = 0 the value of x is zero.
c=0
x = 40t 5t2
For x to be 60 m.
60 = 40t 5t2
or
t2 8 t + 12 = 0
t = 2 s or 6 s
Displacement in time t
7. Average velocity =
t
1 2
ut + at
2
=
t
1
= u + at
2
6.
8.
v2 = v1 + at
at = v2 v1
Displacement in time t
t
1 2
v1t + at
2
=
t
1
= v1 + at
2
v2 v1
= v1 +
2
v1 + v2
=
2
Ans. True.
125 = 0 t +
9.
1 2
gt
2
t = 25 s
125 m
Average velocity =
5s
(downwards)
= 25 m/s
(downwards)
(i
v = 10 + 5t t
10.
)
dv
= 5 2t
dt
At
t =2s
a=522
= 1 m/s2
From Eq. (i),
dx
= 10 + 5t t2
dt
x = (10 + 5t t2 ) dt
5t2 t 3
or
x = 10t +
+c
2
3
As, at
t = 0 the value of x is zero
c=0
5
t3
x = 10t + t2
2
3
Thus, at t = 3 s
5
33
x = (10 3) + (3)2
2
3
= 30 + 22.5 9
= 43.5 m
a=
11. u = 2 i m/s
Average velocity =
a = 2 m/s2
60
u = 2 m/s
v=u+at
= 2 ^i + (1 ^i + 3 ^j) 2
= 4 ^i + 2 3 ^j
|v|= 42 + 12 = 2 7 m/s
1
s = u t + a t2
2
1
^
= (2 i) 2 + (1 ^i + 3 ^j) 22
2
s (at t = 1 s) = (2 ^i 1) + (2 ^j) 12
2
= 4 ^i + 2 ^i + 2 3 ^j
= (2 ^i + ^j) m
= 6 ^i + 2 3 ^j
13. x = 2t and y = t2
|s |= 36 + 12
v = (2 ^i + 2t ^j)m/s
(i)
dv
= 2 ^j
dt
a = 2 ^j m/s2
ds
= (2 ^i + 2t ^j )
dt
s = (2 ^i + 2t ^j ) dt
or,
x2 = 4 y
(The above is the equation to trajectory)
x = 2t
dx
= 2 i.e., v x = 2 ^i
dt
y = t2
dy
= 2t i.e., v y + 2t ^j
dt
Thus,
x
y =
2
=4 3m
12. Part I
| 17
v = vx + v y
= (2 ^i + 2t ^j) m/s
s = 2t ^i + t2 ^j + c
s (at t = 1 s) = (2 ^i + ^j) m
a=
dv
= 2 ^j m/s2
dt
t2
t1
0
t1
t2
v = tan
As < 90, vt1 is + ive.
At t = t2
vt 2 = tan
As > 90, vt 2 is ive.
Corresponding v-t graph will be
Acceleration at t = t1 :
at1 = tan
As < 90, a t1 is + ive constant.
Acceleration at t = t2
at 2 = tan
As < 90, at 2 is + ive constant.
2. Let the particle strike ground at time t
18 | Mechanics-1
1
mg2 t2
2
i.e., KE t2 . While going up the velocity
will get ive but the KE will remain. KE
will reduce to zero at time 2 t when the
particle reaches its initial position.
Velocity (m/s)
4
KE
4.
t =
KE =
2t
2h
g
time
t (s)
h
2
= tan =
( t 2)
(2 1)
h = 2 ( t 2)
a (m/s )
1
1
2h
mg2 t2 = mg2
2
2
g
= mgh
(t2)
t
h
t (s)
a AB = ( + g) ( + g) = 0
2. Velocity of A w.r.t. B = v A vB
s = (v A vB ) t
tan = (vAvB)
C
Actual
path of boat
Boat sailing
direction
or
u
d = 400 m
A v
2
u
v
u + v2
400 m
=
10 m/s
= 40 s
v
BC = AB
u
2 m/s
=
( 400 m )
10 m/s
= 80 m
4. Let C be the point along which pilot
30
5 00
km
North
Drifting due
to wind
A
Wind/speed = 20 m/s
| 19
East
5000 1 224
3 1
=
+
3t
2 15
2 15
5000
= 0.5577
3t
5000
t=
3 0.5577
= 2989 s
= 50 min
5.
10 m
A
a A = 1 m/s2 ,
aB = 2 m/s2
v A = 3 m/s,
vB = 1 m/s
Acceleration of A w.r.t. B = 1 2 = 1 m/s2
Velocity of A w.r.t. B = 3 1 = 2 m/s
Initial displacement of A w.r.t. B = 10 m
At time relative displacement of A w.r.t. B
1
s = 10 + 2 t + ( 1) t2
2
or
s = 10 + 2t 0.5t2
For s to be minimum
ds
=0
dt
or
2 (0.5 2t) = 0
i.e.,
t = 2s
20 | Mechanics-1
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
1. (a) D = v1t1 + v2 t2
km
km 1
= 60
1 h + 80
h
h
h
2
= 100 km
(b) Average speed
100 km
=
= 66.67 km/h.
1.5 h
2. (a) Displacement in first two seconds
= ( 4) (2) +
1
(6) 22
2
= 20 m
20 m
Average velocity =
= 10 m/s
2s
(b) Displacement in first four seconds
1
= ( 4) ( 4) + (6) 42 = 64 m
2
Displacement in the time interval
t = 2 s to t = 4 s
= 64 20
= 44 m
44 m
Average velocity =
= 22 m/s.
2s
Net displacement
Time taken
60 m
6.1 s
= 9.8 m/s
(downwards)
= 9.8 m/s
vt
4. Average velocity =
t
vt0 + 2 vt0 + 3vT
2.5v =
t0 + t0 + T
or
5t0 + 2.5T = 3 t0 + 3 T
T = 4 t0
v
vmax
ground.
+20 m/s
4s
60 m
64 = 20 t +
5t2 20t 64 = 0
t = 6.1 s
If the particle goes h meter above tower
before coming down
0 = (20)2 + 2 ( 10) h
h = 20 m
Total distance moved
(a) Average speed =
Time taken
(20 + 20 + 60)
=
= 16.4 m/s
6.1
i.e.,
12s time
vmax
(Q a = 4 m/s2 )
4
i.e.,
vmax = 16 m/s
Displacement of particle in 12 seconds
= Area under v-t graph
v
= 12 max
2
12 16
=
2
= 96 m
Average velocity
Displacement (96 m) at 12 s
=
Time (12 s)
1
( 10) t2
2
8s
4=
= + 8 m/s
7
22
= 6m
Speed (v) of particle = 1 m/s
Distance moved by particle in 2 s = 2 m
Thus, angle through which the particle
moved
2
2
= 2 =
= 120
6
3
Magnitude of Average velocity
Magnitude of displacement
=
Time ( = 2 s)
7. Position vector at t = 0 s
r1 = (1 ^i + 2 ^j) m
Position vector at t = 4 s
r2 = (6 ^i + 4 ^j) m
(a) Displacement from t = 0 s to t = 4 s
= (6 ^i + 4 ^j) (1 ^i + 2 ^j)
= (5 ^i + 2 ^j) m
Average velocity =
120
O
AB 2R sin 60
=
2
2
3
=R
2
21 3 21 3
m/s
=
=
22 2
44
(b) Magnitude of average acceleration
vB v A
=
2s
120
2 v sin
2
=
2
=
[Q
|v A |= |v B |= v = 1 m/s)
= v sin 60
3
m/s2
=
2
(5 ^i + 2 ^j) m
4s
= (125
. ^i + 05
. ^j) m/s
(2 ^i + 10 ^j) ( 4 ^i + 6 ^j)
4
2 ^i + 4 ^j
4
A(t = 0 s)
(t = 2s)
vB
= ( r 2 r1 )
vA
| 21
= ( 05
. ^i + ^j) m/s2
(c) We cannot find the average speed as
the actual path followed by the particle
is not known.
Uniform acceleration
(a) One dimensional motion
8. If at time t the vertical displacement
between A and B is 10 m
1 2 1
gt g( t 1)2 = 10
2
2
or
or
or
t2 ( t 1)2 = 2
t2 ( t2 2t + 1) = 2
2t = 3
t = 1.5 s
Displacement of
Displacement of
first after attaining = second before
attaining highest
highest point
point
22 | Mechanics-1
v0 t
or
or
or
10.
T
O
1 2
1
gt = v0 ( t t0 ) g( t t0 )2
2
2
1
2
0 = v0 t0 g( t0 2t0 t)
2
1 2
gt0 t = gt0 + v0 t0
2
1
gt0 + v0
t= 2
g
t0 v0
=
+
2
g
1
5 = gt2
2
t = 1s
5m
A
25 m
H W
or
or
t=
2
2t0 2t0 2
=
2
= t0 + t0 2 (
absurd)
= (1 + 2) t0
= 2141
.
t0
Time interval
1s
ive
t second for A
12.
(t1) second for B
v=0
A
5 m/s
H
For A
H = 0. t +
H=
1 2
gt
2
1 2
gt
2
15m
(i)
1
(ii)
g( t 1)2
2
1 2 1
or
gt g( t 1)2 = 25
2
2
[Substituting value of H from Eq. (i)]
1
g[ t2 ( t 1)2 ] = 25
2
t2 ( t2 2t + 1) = 5
2t 1 = 5
t=3s
Substituting t = 3 s in Eq. (i)
1
H = 10 32 = 45 m
2
1 2
11. s = at0 Forward motion
2
H 25 =
Backward motion
(a) For H
02 = u2 + 2( 10) H
i.e.,
20H = 325
or
H = 1625
. m
For B
v = at0
being
52 = u2 + 2 ( 10)15
u2 = 325
or
sign
B u=0
1
( a) t2
2
1
1
at20 = ( at0 ) t at2
2
2
2
2
t0 = 2t0 t t
2
t 2t0 t t20 = 0
s = ( at0 ) t +
(b) For t
0 = 325 + ( 10) t
325
t=
10
= 1. 8 s
13.
At rest
a
x
15 m/s
60 m
6.0 s
(a)
(i)
152 = u2 + 2a 60
and
(ii)
15 = u + a 6
Substituting the value of 6a from Eq. (ii)
in Eq. (i)
225 = u2 + 20 (15 u)
i.e.,
u 20 u + 75 = 0
(u 15)(u 5) = 0
u = 5 m/s
(15 m/s being not possible)
(b) Using Eq. (ii)
5
a = m / s2
3
(c)
u2 = 02 + 2ax
u2
(5)2
i.e.,
x=
=
2a 2 5
3
= 7.5 m
1
(d) s = at2
2
1 5
= t2
2 3
5
= t2
6
t(s )
v (m/s)
5/6
7.5
Starts
A
(iii)
9
12
30
15
t (s)
12
12
v (m/s)
10
15
20
v (m/s)
20
15
10
5
6
12
Stops
B
B
s2
Journey A to P
vmax = 0 + xt1
and
v2max = 2xs1
v
t1 = max
x
60
t2
4 min
30 67.5 120
t1
4 km
90
a = y
s1
120 s (m)
a=+x
14.
| 23
t (s)
(i)
(ii)
Journey P to B
0 = vmax + ( y) t2
2
and
vmax = 2 ys2
v
t2 = max
y
vmax vmax
+
= t1 + t2 = 4
x
y
1 1
vmax + = 4
x y
From Eq. (ii) and Eq. (iv)
v2
v2
s1 + s2 = max + max
2x
2y
v2max 1 1
or
4=
+
2 x y
or
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
t=0s
+ive
x-axis
v = u + at
0 = u + a6
u
a=
6
(a) At t = 10 s, s = 2 m
1
2 = u 10 + a 102
2
or
2 = ( 6a) 10 + 50a
or
10a = 2
or
a = 0.2 m/s 2
24 | Mechanics-1
(b) v(at t = 10 s) = u + a 10
= 6a + 10a
= 4a
= 08
. m/s
u = 0 m/s
a 2 = 4 ^j m/s2 (t = 2 s to t = 4 s) t2 = 2 s
(a) Velocity
a=
16.
= 0 + (2 ^i) 2
F 10 N north
=
m
2 kg
= 4 ^i
= 5 m/s , north
^
= 5 j m/s
v2 = (8 ^i 8 ^j ) m/s
or
= 10 i m/s
1
s 1 = s 0 + u t1 +
a 1 t12
2
using v = u + a t
v = 10 ^i + (5 ^j 2)
^
= 4 ^i + (2 ^i 4 ^j ) 2
u = 10 m/s, east
v2 = v1 + (a 1 + a 2 )t2
v1 = u + a 1 t1
= (2 ^i + 4 ^j) + (0)(2) +
= 10 i + 10 j
1 ^ 2
(2 i) 2
2
= 2 ^i + 4 ^j + 4 ^i
|v|= 10 2 m/s
= 6 ^i + 4 ^j
v = 10 2, north-east
1
using s = u t + a t2
2
1
^
= (10 i 2) + (5 ^j)22
2
1
( a1 + a2 ) t22
2
1
= 6 ^i + 4 ^j + ( 4 ^i) 2 + (2 ^i 4 ^j) 22
2
s 2 = s 1 + v1 t2 +
= 6 ^i + 4 ^j + 8 ^i + 4 ^i 8 ^j
= (20 ^i + 10 ^j) m
= 18 ^i 4 ^j
= 10 5 m
20
cot =
=2
10
= cot1 2
18. u = (2 i 4 j) m/s, s 0 = 0 m
a = ( 4 ^i + ^j) m/s2
North
(a) Velocity
East
17. s 0 = (2 i + 4 j) m
= (2 ^i 4 ^j) + ( 4 ^i + ^j)2
^j
O ^
i
v=u+at
a 1 = 2 ^i m/s2 (t = 0 s to t = 2 s) t1 = 2 s
= (10 ^i 2 ^j ) m/s
(b) Co-ordinates of the particle
1
s = s 0 + u t + a t2
2
1
^
= 0 + (2 i 4 ^j) + ( 4 ^i + $j )22
2
|a av|= 52 + 202
a = ( 4 ^i + 2 ^j) m/s2
= 206
. m/s
20
tan =
5
i.e., = tan1( 4)
Non uniform acceleration.
s0 = 0
s = 29 ^i + n ^j
(a) s = s 0 + u t +
1 2
at
2
21. x = 2 + t2 + 2t 3
1 ^
( 4 i + 2 ^j) t2
2
29 ^i + n ^j = 0 + (8 ^j) t +
(a) At t = 0, x = 2 m
(b)
29 ^i + n ^j = 8 ^j t + 2 ^i t2 + ^j t2
Comparing the coefficients of ^i and ^j
29 = 2t2
n = 8 t + t2
29
t=
= 3.807 s
2
and
(i)
(ii)
d2 x
= 2 + 12t
dt2
( a) t = 2 s = 2 + (12 2) = 26 m/s2
dv
22.
a= v
dx
= (10) 3
= 30 m/s2
23. s = t 3 9 t2 15t
ds
= 3 t2 18 t 15
dt
dv
ie,
a=
= 6t 18
dt
Acceleration (a) in the interval 0 t 10 s
will be maximum at t = 10 s
a(at t = 10 s) = (6 10) 18
= 42 m/s2
= 8 ^j + ( 4 ^i + 2 ^j)(3.807)
= (2 3.807) ^i + {( 4 3.807) + 8 } ^j
= (7.614 ^i + 23.228 ^j) m/s
Average velocity v av
^
s s0
=
002
.
^
(51
. i + 0.4 j) (5 i)
002
.
v=
a = 3 2t
dv
= 3 2t
dt
24.
at t = 002
. s, s = (51
. ^i + 0.4 ^j) m
dx
= 2t + 6t2
dt
dx
= 0 m/s
dt t = 0 s
(c)
v=u+at
01
. ^i + 0.4 ^j
002
.
= 5 ^i + 20 ^j m/s
19.
| 25
or
dv = (3 2t) dt
or
v = 3 t t2 + c
or
v = 3 t t2 + v0 [as at t = 0, v = v0 ]
or
or
(3 t t2 + v0 ) dt
3 t2 t 3
s=
+ v0 t
2
3
ds =
26 | Mechanics-1
(a) Displacement at = Displacement at
t = 0s
t = 5s
3.52 53
0=
+ v0 5
2
3
s
v0 = 5/6 = 0833
.
(b) v = 3 t t2 + v0
Velocity at t ( = 500
. s)
= 3.5 52 + 0833
.
= 15 25 + 833
= 9.167 m/s
25. v = 3 t2 6t
2
ds = 3(3 t
6t) dt
s = t 3 t2 + c
s = t 3 3 t2 = t2 ( t 3)
(3.5)2 (3.5 3)
(a) Average velocity =
3.5
= 3.5 05
.
= 175
. m/s
(b) Distance covered
or
or
Now, at t = 2 s, v = 6 m/s
62
= ( 4 2) + C
2
Thus, C = 10.
v2
i.e.,
(ii)
= 4 t + 10
2
at
t = 3 s,
v2
= ( 4 3) + 10
2
v2 = 44
v = 44 = 2 11 m/s
Substituting above found value of v in Eq.
(i),
2 11 a = 4
2
i.e.,
a=
11
= 0.603 m/s 2
27. According to question, the velocity of the
1
2
3 3.5
3.5
0 (6t 3 t ) dt + 2
(3 t2 6r) dt
= [3 t2 t 3 ]20 + [ t 3 3 t2 ] 23.5
= 3(2)2 (2) 3 + (3.5) 3 3(3.5)2 (2) 3 + 3(2)2
= 12 8 + 42875
.
3675
. 8 + 12
= 14.125 m
14.125
(c) Average speed =
3.5
= 4.036 m/s
4
26.
v=
a
i.e.,
(i)
va = 4
or
v dv2 = 4 dt
v
or
= 4t + C
2
30 m/s s
v
s
+
=1
20 30
or
3v + 2s = 60
or
(i)
3v = 60 2s
Differentiating above equation w.r.t. time t
dv
ds
3
= 2
dt
dt
or
3a = 2v
60 2 s
or
3 a = 2
[using Eq. (i)]
3
2
or
a = (60 2 s)
9
2
[at s = 15 m]
= (60 2 15)
9
20
m/s2
=
3
| 39
B AO = 180 (90 + ) ( 37 )
= 90 + 37
= 127 ( + Q )
v
Nm
vr
37
B
D
vm
37
AO
OB
=
sin (96 + 37 ) sin ( 37 )
vr
vm
=
cos 37 sin ( 37 )
(i)
vr
vm
37
B'
37
AOB
AO
OB
=
sin ( 37 ) sin [( + )]
vr
vm
(ii)
=
sin ( 37 ) sin [127 ( + )]
40 | Mechanics-1
or 4 sin 3 cos
= 32 cos 28 sin + 24 sin + 21 cos
50
7
4
4 vm
=
25 cos
4 5
=
50
25 1
= 32
Option (b) is correct.
dv
2.
= 4v + 8
dt
a = 4v + 8
At the time the body acquires terminal speed
its acceleration (a) must be zero.
Thus
4v + 8 = 0
v = 2 m/s
Terminal speed = 2 m/s.
Option (b) is correct.
3. Particles will collide if
v1
|v1
v2
r
= 2
v 2| |r2
^
r1
r1|
^
v1 v 2
|v1
v 2|
^
r2 r1 = r2 = 30 i
|r2 r1| = 30
r2 r1
^
=i
|r2 r1|
|v1 v 2| = 5 2
v1 v 2
|v1 v 2|
P
a = 2t
u=0
a =2t
dvy
=2t
dt
or
dvy =2 2t dt
or
vy = t + C1
At t = 0, vy = 0 (given)
C1 = 0
vy = t 2
dy
= t2
dt
2
or
dy = t + C2
t3
+ C2
2
At t = 0, Y = 0 (given)
t3
Y=
3
Displacement along x-axis at time t :
or
or
y=
x = v0t
x
t=
v0
Y=
v1 v 2 = (5 i + 10 j + 5 k ) (10 i + 5 j + 5 k )
= 5i + 5 j
1 ^
1 ^
i+
j
2
2
1 x
3 v0
(i)
or
or
dx
dx
1 = 2x
+
dt
dt
v ( + 2 x ) = 1
v = ( + 2 x )1
dv
1
dx
=
2
dt
dt
( + 2 x )2
2
a=
v
( + 2 x )2
2
=
v
( + 2 x )2
7. Force = kx
Acceleration =
or
Thus
6. f = a bx
dv
= a bx
dx
or
v dv2 = (a bx )2dx
v
bx
or
= ax
+C
2
2
As at x = 0 car is at rest C = 0
v2
bx 2
= ax
2
2
For v to be maximum.
d
bx 2
ax
=0
dx
2
(i)
a
in Eq. (i),
b
2
vmax
a b a 2
= a
2
b 2 b
2
a
=
2b
a
vmax =
b
k a3
m 3
v2
kx 2
ka 3
=
+
2
m 3 m 3
2 ka 3
3m
Substituting x =
C=
v=
a bx = 0
a
x=
b
or
v2
k x3
=
+C
2
m 3
Velocity at x = 0
i.e.,
kx 2
dx
m
Now at x = a, v = 0
= (2 v2 ) v
= 2 v3
Retardation = 2 v3
Option (a) is correct.
k2 2
x
2m
dv
kx 2
=
dx
m
v dv =
or
| 41
2a
b
and
vy = 4 t
dx
dy
= 4 + 4t and
= 4t
dt
dt
or
dx = (4 + 4t ) dt
and
dy = 4t dt 2
or
x = 4t + 2t + C1
C1 = 1
Thus
(i)
x = 4t + 2t 2 + 1
and
y = 2t 2 + C2
At
t =0x =1
and at t = 0, y = 2
C2 = 0
Thus
(ii)
y = 2t 2 + 2
Substituting value of t in Eq. (i) in terms of y
using Eq. (ii) we wont get relationship as
mentioned in option (a), (b) or (c).
Option (d) is correct.
1
9.
a = gt 2
2
= 4 tan 120
= 4 [ tan 60 ]
= 4 3 m/s 2
Magnitude of acceleration = 4 3 ms 2.
Option (a) is correct.
42 | Mechanics-1
10.
1 2
gt
2
1
x1 + x2 = g (2t )2
2
1
1
x2 = g 4t 2 gt 2
2
2
3 2
x2 = gt
2
x2 x1 = gt 2
x2 x1
t=
g
or
14. Distance =
1 2
t
2 +
0=
1 1 4 2
t
2 1 + 4
t = 500 s
= 22.36 s
Option (a) is correct.
15. Let BC = t
y2 + x 2 = l2
dy
dx
2y
+ 2x
=0
dt
dt
dy
x dx
=
dt
y dt
v (m/s)
24
x
dx
x tan 30 dt
= 2 3 m/s
=
108 km/h
90 km/h
v
Thief
t
7s
time (t)
Let OA = t
AB = 56 t
1
1032 = [56 + (56 t )] 24
2
t = 20 s
24 m / s
maximum acceleration =
20 s
= 1.2 m/s 2
(4
)m
2t
0.
2t
0.
v 90 kmh
=
a
5 ms 2
90 1000
s
=
5 3600
i.e.,
t =7s
1
1
xmax = [90 kmh 7 s ] 5 s 90 kmh 1
2
90 1000 9
=
m
3600
2
= 112.5 m
Option (a) is correct.
t 2 =
C t (s)
24
=4
t
t = 6 s
OB = 50 s
2s
3
4
= sin 1
or
x1 =
0.2t
Q
cos AOB =
60
B
(3 0.2t) m
OA 2 + OB2 AB2
2 OA OB
OA + OB AB = OA OB
AB2 = OA 2 + OB2 OA OB
= (4 0.2t )2 + (3 0.2t )2
+ (4 0.2t )(3 0.2t )
2
2
or
AB = 16 + 0.04t 1.6t + 9 + 0.04t 2
1.2t + 12 1.4t + 0.04t 2
2
2
or
AB = 0.12t 4.2t + 37
For AB to be minimum
0.24t 4.2 = 0
or
t = 17.5 s
2
( AB)min = 0.12(17.5)2 4.2 (17.5) + 37
= 36.75 73.5 + 37
( AB)2min = 0.75 m 2
= 7500 cm 2
= 50 3 cm
Option (d) is correct.
i.e.,
H
15 m/s = vBE
5 m/s2
2m
10 m/s
Now
v = u + 2as
02 = (25)2 + 2( 10) H
or
H = 31.25 m
Maximum height by ball as measured from
ground = 31.25 + 2 + 50
= 83.25 m
Option (c) is correct.
19. Displacement of ball w.r.t. ground during its
flight = H = 31.25 m
B'
v
50 m
A uA
C
P
P'
B uB
= ( 10) ( + 5) = 15 m/s 2
Final displacement of ball w.r.t. elevator
= 2m
1
2 = 15 t + ( 15) t 2
2
i.e.,
15t 2 30t 4 = 0
30 + 900 + 4 4 15
t=
2 15
= 2.13 s
Option (a) is correct.
18. Velocity of ball w.r.t. ground (vBE )
= (15 + 10) m/s
= 25 m/s
| 43
vA
O
A'
R
Q
time (s)
44 | Mechanics-1
23. u A = 6 ms 1, u B = 12 ms 1
and at t = 4 s common velocity = 8 ms 1
To find velocity of A at t = 10 s
vA 8 u A 8
=
10 4
4
vA 8 6 8
or
=
6
4
vA = 5 ms 1
OR = PC + P C = 2 PC = 8 s.
2
2
i.e.,
vB vA = u A u B
= 5 15 = 10
vA vB = 10 ms 1
2 v1/ 2 = t + 2 v10/ 2
1. Q
or
1/ 2
dv = dx
2 3/ 2
v = + C2
3
2
As at x = 0, v = v0, C2 = v03/ 2
3
2 3/ 2
2
v = x + v03/ 2
3
3
or
or
dv
t
=
dt
2
1
dv
=
t dt
(i)
v=
t2
+ C1
4
At t = 0, v = 16 m/s
t2
+ 16
4
From above relation v is zero at
t = 8s
Options (a) is correct.
From relation (i),
ds
t2
=
+ 16
dt
4
t2
ds
=
4 + 16 dt
v=
i.e.,
s=
s=
(i)
t3
+ 16t + C2
12
t3
+ 16t
12
[As at t = 0, s = 0]
At t = 4 s
s = 58.67 m
Option (b) is correct.
The particle returns back at t = 8 s
From relation (ii)
83
s8 =
+ (16 8) = 85.33 m
12
103
s10 =
+ (16 10) = 76.66 m
12
Distance travelled in 10 s
= s8 + ( s8 s10 )
= (2 85.33 ) 76.66
= 94 m
Option (c) is correct.
Velocity of particle at t = 10 s
(10)
+ 16
4
= 25 + 16
= 9 m/s
Speed of particle at t = 10 s is 9 m/s.
Option (d) is correct.
v10 =
3. |v|is scalar.
Option (a) is incorrect.
Position of A relative to B :
S AB = S A S B
^
v = (Let)
Rest
t1
Rest
East
X (km)
South
vA
= 20 j kmh 1
vB
= (32 i + 24 j) kmh 1
vAB = vA vB
^
= ( 20 j) (32 i + 24 j)
^
= 32 i 44 j
Option (a) is correct.
Option (c) is incorrect.
At any time
SA = 3 i + 4 j + ( 20 j) t
v' = 2v
2a1
t3
a2
Average
velocity = v2
S2
20 km/h
Rest
Average
velocity = v1
Case II.
A (3, 4)
a2
v = a1t1
v = a 2t2
1
1
s1 = a1t12 + a 2t22
2
2
d v^ ^
=aa
dt
Option (d) is incorrect.
37
t2
a1
S1
t1
|v|
h
m/
0k
is v^ (unit vector)
4. North
Y (km)
= (3 32t ) i + (4 44t ) j
(by definition).
=a
dt
Option (b) is correct.
v2 is scalar.
Option (c) is incorrect.
v
5. Case I.
dv
| 45
S B = (32 i + 24 j) t
v = 2a1t1
= 2v
2v = a 2t3
2 ( a 2t2 ) = a 2t3
t3 = 2t2
1
1
s2 = (2a1 ) t12 + a 2t32
2
2
1
2
= a1t1 + a 2(2 t2 )2
2
= a1t12 + 2 a 2t22
2s2 = a1t12 + a 2t22
s1 > 2s1
(i)
(ii)
46 | Mechanics-1
( a1t1 ) t1 + ( a 2t2 ) t2
2 ( t1 + t2 )
vt1 + vt2 v
=
=
2 ( t1 + t2 ) 2
=
a=
8.
5a = s + 30
dv
5 v
= s + 30
ds
In Case II.
vav =
i.e.,
s2
t1 + t3
a1t12 + 2a 2t22
t1 + t3
( a1t1 ) t1 + a 2t2 (2 t2 )
=
t1 + 2 t2
vt + v (2 t2 )
= 1
t1 + 2t2
v2 =
= v = 2v1
Option (a) is correct.
Option (b) is incorrect.
6. If the particles initial velocity is + ive and
has some constant ive acceleration the
particle will stop somewhere and then
return back to have zero displacement at
same time t ( > 0).
Also if particles initial velocity is ive and
has some constant + ive acceleration the
particle will stop somewhere and then
return back to have zero displacement at
same time t ( > 0).
Options (b) and (c) are correct.
and options (a) and (d) are incorrect.
7. F = t
ma = t
or
(i)
a=
t
m
Graph between a (acceleration) and time ( t )
will be as curve 1.
Option (a) is correct.
From equation
dv
= t
dt m
dv = m t dt
t2
i.e.,
v= + c
m 2
Graph between velocity (v) and time ( t ) will
be as curve 2.
Option (b) is correct.
6
s+6
30
or
or
or
5v dv = ( s + 30) ds
5v2
s2
=
+ 30s + c1
2
2
5 2
S2
v =
+ 30s
2
2
(i)
v = 10 m/s
or
5 2
(30)
vmax =
+ (30 30)
2
2
5 2
vmax = 450
2
or
vmax = 180 m/s
Option (c) is correct.
9. If particles path is
(i) straight with backward motion
(ii) not straight somewhere.
Distance moved will be greater than the
modulus of displacement
|v av | < vav
v v 2
2
v cos
v sin
if
v sin = u
i.e.,
v>u
Option (c) is correct.
Time to cross the river
b
b
t=
=
2
v cos
v u2
1 t12 1 t22
l
+ v
+
2
v
2 v2
2 v
1 t12 1 t22
l
= + v
+
2 2
v
2 2t22
2 t1
l v 1 1
= + +
v 2
=
[as v sin = u]
vT vT
Anet = 2 + 2 , displacement of
Velocity O
Accel :
()
l1
t2
l2
v
( )
t3
or
or
v = t3
1 2
1
t1 , l2 = vt2, l3 = t32
2
2
1
1
= vt1 = vt3
2
2
l1 =
l
1 1 1
+ + =0
v2 2
l +
=
2
v2
2 l
v=
+
l3
v = t1
| 47
and
At t = 0,
i.e.,
v = 2 j
d 2x
=2
dt 2
d2 y
= 6t
dt 2
a =2i
va
48 | Mechanics-1
At t =
2
:
3
dy
2
dx
2
but
= 3 2
=2
3
dt
dt
3
Speed (v) at
= a ( S1 + S1 )
= a (25a t12 )
v = 5a t1
or
v = 10 m/s
Option (a) is correct.
t2
S1
14 m/s
P
(Mid point)
of X and Y
t1
S2
S1 + S2
2
S1 + S2
:
2
S + S2
v2 = 2a 1
(i)
a
Comparing Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii),
t = 2t
Option (c) is correct.
(ii)
(b)
a (acceleration)
a (acceleration)
+
v (velocity)
+
t
Speed increasing
v (velocity)
v (velocity)
t
v (velocity)
+
Speed decreasing
t
Speed decreasing
Speed increasing
ds
= 2kt
dt
2. (a) v = 2 i
a = 4 j
Velocity ( ) at time t
=v + at
^
= 2 i 4t j
Speed at time t = || = ( 2)2 + ( 4 t )2
At t > 0
|| > |v|
Speed increasing.
(a) (p).
(b) v = 2 i
|v| = 2
=2i + 2ti + 2t j
|| = (2 + 2 t ) + (2 t )
As t > 0,
|| > |v|
(a) (p).
(c) v = 2 i and a = + 2 i
Using = v + a t
= 2i + 2ti
or
= (2 t 2) i
||= |2 t 2|
At t = 0 s
Speed = || = 2 m/s
t =1s
|| = 0 m/s
t =2s
|| = 2 m/s
t =3 s
|| = 4 m/s
a = 2i + 2 j
=v + at
^
=2i 2ti + 2t j
= (2 2 t ) i + 2 t j
|| = (2 2 t )2 + (2 t )2
At t = 0
1
t=
2
|| = 2
t =1
|| = 2
t =2
|| = 20
|| = 2
Using = v + a t
(d) v = 2 i and
a =2i + 2 j
(c) (s).
(d) (s).
| 49
2 ( 10)
(c) Displacement = + 20 +
2
= + 10 unit
+ 10
Average velocity =
6
i.e.,
(c) (s).
50 | Mechanics-1
(d) Rate of change of velocity at t = 4 s
0 10
a=
= 5
4 2
i.e.,
i.e.,
(a) (r).
(b) x = 20 + 5t
dx
= 10 t
dt
d 2x
= 10
dt 2
Velocity will be numerically
acceleration at t = 1 s.
Thus
equal
to
(b) (q).
t =1s
Y = 4 4t + t 2
dy
= 4 + 2t
dt
= 4 + (2 1)
= 2 unit
(a) (q).
(b) Y = 4 4t + t 2
0 = 4 4t + t 2 [For particle to cross x-axis]
i.e.,
t =2s
x = 1 2t + t 2
dy
= 2 + 2t
dt
[at t = 2 s]
= 2 + (2 2)
= + 2 unit
(b) (p).
dx
(c)
= 2 unit
dt t = 0 s
(c) At t = 0 s
x = 20 m
dy
and
= 4 unit
dt t = 0 s
t =1s
x = 15 m
t =2s
x =0m
t =3 s
x = + 25 m
6. (a) x = 1 2t + t 2
0 = 1 2t + t 2 [for particle to cross y-axis]
[at t = 1 s]
= ( 2 )2 + ( 4 )2
i.e.,
d 2x
(d) 2 = 2
dt
= 2 5 unit
(c) (s).
d2 y
=2
dt 2
Initial acceleration of particle = 2 2 unit
i.e.,
(d) (s).
and
| 27
Graphy
28. OA : slope is + ive and increasing.
30. Case I
s
C
B
m = tan
s0
t
v0
a
M1
v = mt v0 (st-line)
ds = (mt2 v0 ) dt
t
v0 t + s0
2
1
or
s = s0 v0 t + at2
2
dv
Further, a =
= tan
dt
i.e.,
(Parabola)
s= m
(Q m = a)
As for 0 < 90
v
M4
a = tan
Case II
M3
v
t
s0
t
In M1 and M 3 : 0 < 90
slope is + ive i.e., acceleration is + ive.
In M2 and M4 : 90 < 180
slope is ive i.e., acceleration is ive.
(a) M1 : Magnitude of velocity is increasing.
M2 : Magnitude of velocity is decreasing.
M 3 : Magnitude of velocity is increasing.
M4 : Magnitude of velocity is decreasing.
Ans : M1 and M 3.
(b) P M1
Q M2
R M3
S M4
ds = k dt
s = kt + s0
dv
Further,
a=
=0
dt
parallel
to
28 | Mechanics-1
Case III.
Time-acceleration graph
s
v
v0
time
s0
0-2s
2-4s
4-6s
6-8s
8 - 10 s
slope
acceleration
5 m/s 2
0 m/s 2
5 m/s 2
5 m/s 2
+ 5 m/s 2
5
zero
5
5
+5
a
a
a = tan
v = v0 + mt
ds = (v0 + mt2) dt
t
i.e.,
s = v0 t + m + s0
2
1
or
s = s0 + v0 t at2
2
dv
Further, a =
= tan
dt
As for 90 < 180
tan is ive, a is ive.
(Q m = a)
Time-displacement graph
Time
at 0 s
2s
4s
6s
8s
10 s
Area
Initial
Net
under the Displacement displacement
graph
0m
10 m
30 m
40 m
30 m
20 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
0m
+ 20 m
+ 30 m
+ 20 m
+ 10 m
Relative Motion
+ 30 m
2
10 m
10 t
10 t
= ( g) ( g)
= 0 m/s2
(b) Initial velocity of 2 w.r.t. 1
= ( +20) ( 5)
= 25 m/s
(c) Initial velocity of 1 w.r.t. 2
= ( 5) ( + 20)
= 25 m/s
= 25 m/s
(d) Initial relative displacement of 2 w.r.t. 1
S 0 = 20 m
1
Using S = S 0 + u rel t + a rel t2 ,
2
as at time t (= time of collision of the
particles) the relative displacement of 2
1
O = ( 20) + ( 25)
2
t = 0.85 s
L
90
L
Speed of escalator =
60
Time taken by man walking on a moving
L
escalator =
L
L
+
90 60
= 36 s
Required time has been found without
using the actual length of the escalator.
ball = + 10 m.
Relative velocity of elevator w.r.t. ball
= (2) (18) = 16 m/s
Accelerator of elevator w.r.t. ball
= (0) ( 10)
= 10 m/s2
38.
3.5 m/s2
time = 0
2.2 m/s2
time =ts
A
A
x
60 m
1
(a) (2.2) t2 = 60
2
(i)
t = 7.39 s
1
2
(b) (3.5) t = 60 + x
2
x = 35.5 m
(c) At the time of overtaking
Speed of automobile = (3.5) (7.39)
= 25.85 m/s
Speed of truck = (2.2) (7.39)
= 16.25 m/s
39. Let, acceleration of lift = a (upward)
10 m
12 m
2 m/s
Elevator
5m
Using S = S 0 + urel t +
1
a t2
2 rel
(ii)
= ( g + a)
18 m/s
| 29
1
0 = ( + 10) + ( 16) t + ( +10) t2
2
or
5t2 16t 10 = 0
t = 3.65 s
Position of elevator when it meets ball
= 5 + (2 3.65)
= 12.30 m level
1
Velocity of 1 w.r.t. 2 at time t = s
2
1
= ( 25) + (0)
2
( v) = ( + u) + { ( a + g)} t
( a + g) t = 2 u
2u
or
a=
g
t
30 | Mechanics-1
A
40.
20 m
2
4
=
sin ( 45 ) sin 45
B
OAB = OA = 20 m
= sin 1
45
2 2
22 m/s
45
O
OB = (OA) + ( AB)
= (20)2 + (20)2
= 20 2 m
Speed along OB is 2 2 m/s
Time taken to reach B =
200 km/h
RQ
PR
200 t
=
500 t
sin =
41. In OPQ,
B
River flow
P
Q
45
O
or
OP = |v br |
East
P
South
= 10 s
A
1000 km
Wind
20 2 m
2 2 ms 1
North
Q
or
OP = |v r |
PQ
OP
=
sin POQ sin OPQ
= sin 1 (0.4)
( PR)2 = ( RQ)2 + ( PQ)2
(500 t)2 (200 t)2 = (1000)2
1000
t=
(500)2 (200)2
10
10
h
=
=
25 4
21
mg + f
0=u
T1
m
um
T1 =
mg + f
Using v2 = u2 + 2as
mg + f
02 = u2 2
s
m
i.e.,
S=
1 mg f 2
T2
2 m
mu2
1 mg f 2
=
T2
2 ( mg + f ) 2 m
s=
f (Air resistance)
mg
mu2
2( mg + f )
or
(i)
T2 =
um
( mg + f ) ( mg f )
(ii)
2=
mg + f
mg f
2
rad s 1
60
Speed of the tip of seconds hand
[Q v = r
and
v=
1 cm/s
30
r = 1 cm]
As in 15s the seconds hand rotates
through 90, the change in velocity of its
tip in 15 s will be
2
=v 2=
cm s 1
30
Option (d) is correct.
5+5
4. Average speed =
= 40 ms 1
5
5
+
30 60
=
= (3 ^i + 4 ^j) ( 3 ^i 4 ^j) = 6 ^i + 8 ^j
Option (b) is correct.
(18 11) + ( 42 v)
6. 21 =
18 + 42
v = 25.29 m/s
8 t3
7.
x = 32t
3
dx
(i)
v=
= 32 8 t2
dt
Particle is at rest when
32 8 t2 = 0
i.e.,
t = 2s
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. time t
dv
a=
= 16 t
dt
a at time t = 2 s (when particle is at rest)
= (16) (2) = 32 m/s2
Option (b) is correct.
1
a 12
2
a = 4 m/s 2
T2 > T1
Option (c) is correct.
3. Angular speed () of seconds hand
| 31
= 8 m/s
Option (b) is correct.
9. x = 3 t + t 3
displacement at time t (= 1 s)
= 3(1) + (1) 3 = 2 m
and displacement at time t (= 3 s)
= 3(3) + (3) 3 = 18 m
And as such displacement in the time
interval (t = 1 s to t = 3 s)
= (18 m ) ( 2 m )
= + 20 m
Option (c) is correct.
10. Acceleration a = bt
dv
= bt
dt
or
dv = bt dt
1 2
bt + C
2
Now, at t = 0, v = v0
C = v0
1
i.e.,
v = bt2 + v0
2
ds
1
or
= v0 + bt2
dt
2
1 2
or
ds = v0 + 2 bt dt
1
or
s = v0 t + bt 3 + k
6
At t = 0, s = 0,
k=0
1
s = v0 t + bt 3
6
or
v=
32 | Mechanics-1
11.
1
g (2t2 + 6) m (given)
2
v2 = 2 ^i + 4 ^j
Option (b) is correct.
3rd drop
1 gt2
2
time = t
2nd drop
u2
=3
v20
or
u = v0 3
Option (a) is correct.
1 g (2t)2
2
time = t
14. vx = 8 t 2
dx
= 8t 2
dt
or
dx = (82 t 2) dt
or
x = 4 t 2t + k1
Now at t = 2, x = 14
14 = 4 22 (2) 2 + k1
i.e.,
k1 = 2
Thus,
x = 4 t2 2t + 2
Further,
vy = 2
dy
i.e.,
=2
dt
or
dy = 2 dt
or
y = 2t + k2
Now, at t = 2, y = 4
k2 = 0
Thus,
y = 2t
y
Substituting t = in Eq. (i),
2
2
y
y
x = 4 2 + 2
2
2
1st drop
Ground
1 2 5
gt = m
2
4
Height of 2nd drop from ground
5
= 5m m
4
= 3.75 m
Option (c) is correct.
12.
[at time = 1] 0 m/s
20 m/s
[At time = t 1]
1
s = 10t2
2
1
10 ( t 1)2
2
t2 = 4 ( t 1) + ( t2 2t + 1)
2t 3 = 0
3
t= s
2
2
1
3
s = 10
2
2
= 20 ( t 1) +
or
or
or
= 11.25 m
Option (c) is correct.
t3 ^
v = t ^i +
j
2
Thus, velocity of particle at time t (= 2 s)
will be
or
x = y2 y + 2
Option (a) is correct.
15. x = 5t and y = 2t2 + t
dx
dy
= 5 and
= 4t + 1
dt
dt
dy dy / dt
Now,
=
dx dx / dt
4t + 1
tan 45 =
5
t =1s
Option (b) is correct.
dy
dx
= 8 10t and
=6
dt
dt
(i)
(ii)
20.
dy
dx
= 8 and
=6
dt
dt
Velocity of projection
2
vmax
dx
dy
= + = 62 + 82
dt
dt
2
g
Acceleration =
In time interval t2
t =T
3
H W
H/9
vmax
= 2a
t2
v
= 2 max
t1
i.e.,
Now
R
Ground
t=T
vmax
t2
H H = 8H
9
9
vmax
=a
t1
Retardation =
H
9
Top of tower
t2
In time interval t1
= 10 ms 1
Option (c) is correct.
2H
17.
T=
g
T
=
3
t1
corner
= a + a + a = 3a
3a
Time taken =
u
Option (a) is correct.
19. Time-velocity
graph of the
time-acceleration graph will be
given
t1 = 2t2
t1 + t2 = t
2t2 + t2 = t
t
or
t2 =
3
Depth of shaft = Displacement of lift
1
= vmax ( t1 + t2 )
2
1
= vmax (2t2 + t2 )
2
3
= vmax t2
2
3
= (2at2 ) t2
2
= 3 at22
2
t
= 3 a
3
at2
3
Option (b) is correct.
1
1
21. s = 2ut + at2 = ut + 2at2
2
2
=
v 8
(m/s)
12 t (s)
a
2u
time = 0
Q
time = t
u
2a
Q
s
ut
1 2
at = 0
2
| 33
34 | Mechanics-1
1
at = 0
2
2u
t=
a
2
2u 1 2u
s = 2u + a
a 2 a
or
or
4u2 2u2
+
a
a
6u2
=
a
Option (a) is correct.
v (m/s)
10
A1
O
A2 2
10
particle.
Actual path followed
by the particle
t=T
u = Vertical speed
(w.r.t. cart of
the particle)
t=0
30 m/s
80 m
80 m
8
= s
30 m / s 3
1
For particle 0 = uT + ( g) T2
2
1
2
i.e.,
gT = uT
2
2u 8
T=
=
g 3
2u 8
i.e.,
=
10 3
40
or
u=
ms 1
3
Option (c) is correct.
1
23. A1 = ( +10) ( +1) = + 5 m
2
1
A2 = ( 10)( +1) = 5 m
2
For cart T =
f (Air resistance)
u=0
a=
t
Option (a) is correct.
26. a = 0.2 v2
or
dv
= 0.2 v2
dt
2
v dv = 0.2 dt
v 2 + 1
= 0.2t + C
2+1
1
or
= 0.2t + C
v
Now, at t = 0, v = 10 m/s (given)
1
=0+C
10
1
i.e.,
C=
10
or
v
10 10
1 1
=
v 2
v = + 2 m/s.
Option (a) is correct.
27. For displacement ( S1) of train 1 before
coming to rest
02 = (10)2 + 2 ( 2) S1
i.e.,
S1 = 25 m
For displacement ( S2 ) of train 2 before
coming to rest
02 = (20)2 + 2 ( 1) S2
i.e.,
S2 = 200 m
Smin = S1 + S2
= 225 m
Option (b) is correct.
28. Let the balls collide after time t the first
ball is shot.
displacement (S) of ball 1 at time t
= displacement ( S) of ball 2 at time ( t 2)
1
1
40t + ( g) t2 = 40 ( t 2) + ( g) ( t 2)2
2
2
1
2
2
or
g[ t ( t 2) ] = 80
2
or
( t + t 2) ( t t + 2) = 16
or
2t 2 = 8
or
t = 5s
1
S = 40 5 + ( 10) 52
2
= 200 125
= 75 m
Option (b) is correct.
29.
i.e.,
and
0 = u gT
u = gT
1
H = uT gT2
2
1 2
h = ut gt
2
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
| 35
= ( t T) g T ( t + T)
2
2
T
= ( t T) g
1
= g ( t T)2
2
1
i.e., h = H g ( t T)2
2
Option (d) is correct.
t2
30.
x=
2
dx
vx =
=t
dt
x2 ( t2 / 2)2 t4
y=
=
=
2
2
8
dy t 3
vy =
=
dt
2
31.
x = t+3
i.e.,
x = t2 + 6t + 3
dx
= 2t + 6
dt
i.e.,
vt
Option (b) is correct.
32. Aeroplanes velocity at time t (= 20 s)
= 90 m/s
Option (c) is correct.
33. v = 5 1 + 5
At s = 0 (i.e., initially),
velocity of particle = 5 m/s
Option (b) is correct.
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. s
1
dv
1
= 5 (1 + 5) 2
ds
2
1
1
dv 5
v
= (1 + 5) 2 5 (1 + 5) 2
ds 2
= 12.5 m/s 2
(i)
36 | Mechanics-1
Option (b) is correct.
= 12.5 16.0 + 10
= 6.5 m/s
Option (b) is correct.
mg f
mg + f
Time of ascent
=
Time of descent
37. u2 = 2 gH
mg ma
mg + ma
=
=
ga
g+a
10 2
10 + 2
=
H=
H
2
2
u = 100 + gH
102 = u2 2 g
Stops
2
3
H
2
10 m/s
35.
10 t
u2
2g
River flow
E
S
Thus,
5t
sin =
5t
10 t
1
2
H=
100 + gH
2g
or
gH = 100
H = 10 m
Option (b) is correct.
= 30
Option (b) is correct.
36. Fnet = 3 t2 32
manet = 3 t2 32
3 t2 32
or
anet =
10
2
or
anet = 0.3 t 3.2
dv
or
= 0.3 t2 3.2
dt
2
or
dv = (30.3 t 3.2) dt
0.3 t
or
v=
(3.2) t + k
3
or
v = 0.1t 3 (3.2) t + k
Now, at t = 0, v = 10 m/s
10 = k
Thus,
v = 0.1 t 3 (3.2) t + 10
at t = 5 s
v = 0.1 (5) 3 (3.2) (5) + 10
i.e.,
38.
10 m/s
15 m
u
t=0
2
10 = u2 2 g 15
100 = v2 2 10 15
i.e., u = 20 m/s
Now, v = u gt = 20 10 3
= 20 10 (3)
= 10 m/s, downward
Option (d) is correct.
| 37
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
Displacement
t0
1
v0 t0
v
=2
= 0
t0
2
Assertion is true.
Reason is also true as proved.
4. Acceleration (a) will be zero only when
v
s = ut + at2
2
Thus, reason is true.
3. Displacement in time t0
dt ds
dv
=
dt
dv
a = 0 if
=0
dt
or v is constant with time.
Thus, Assertion is wrong.
dv
Reason is correct as a is equal to
which
dt
is instantaneous acceleration.
5. If acceleration is in the opposite direction
k = + 10 m/s
v = t2 + 10
Time (t)
v m/s
speed (m/s)
15
25
35
9
6
1
9
6
1
Assertion is true.
38 | Mechanics-1
Reason is false as when acceleration is
positive the speed will increase.
da
6.
(given)
= 2 (ms 3)
dt
[This implies that reason is true]
da = 2 dt
a = 2t + C
If at t = 0, a = 0
we have
C=0
a = 2t
dv
or
= 2t
dt
Assertion is false.
Option (d) is correct.
7. If initially particle velocity is ive and
9. S1 = 2t 4 t
and S2 = 2t + 4 t2
displacement of particle 2 w.r.t. 1.
S21 = S2 S1
= ( 2t + 4 t2 ) (2t 4 t2 )
= 4 t + 8 t2
0m
4m
24 m
60 m
ive]
Velocity (v) of the particle will be zero
u
at
t= .
a
u
Thus, for t < , v is + ive
a
i.e., the acceleration can change its
direction without change in direction of
velocity.
Assertion is true.
If V changes sign say from + ive to ive,
V
the acceleration which equals
will also
t
change sign from + ive to ive.
Reason is true but it is not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
11. At time t when the two are at the same
height.
A
S1
u=0
a=+g
time t
S2
u = gh
B
S1 + S2 = h
1 gt2 + ut 1 gt2 = h
2
2
ut = h
gh t = h
t=
h
g
Projectile Motion
Introductory Exercise 4.1
= 80
= 402 + 202
i.e.,
= 802 + 602
sx
vx
sy
= 20 5 m/s
v y 20
tan =
=
vx 40
1
= tan 1
2
s = s2x + s2y
4. u = 40 2 m/s, = 45
uy
1
10 22 = 60 m
2
v = v2x + v2y
ux
vx = ux = u cos = 40 m/s
sx = ux t = (u cos ) t = 80 m
A : position of particle at time = 0.
B : position of particle at time = t.
As vertical acceleration would be g
v y = u y gt
= u sin = gt
= 40 20
= 20 m/s
1
s y = u y t gt2
2
i.e.,
5. s y = u y t +
= 100 m
sy
tan =
sx
60
=
80
3
= tan 1
4
1
( g) t2
2
or
s y = (u sin ) t
or
15 = 20t
or
i.e.,
1 2
gt
2
1 2
gt
2
t2 = 4 t + 3 = 0
t = 1 s and 3 s
u = 40 m/s, = 60
ux = 40 cos 60 = 20 m/s
52 | Mechanics-1
Thus, vx = ux = 20 m/s
As = 45
tan =
vy
vx
v = v2x + v2y = vx 2
Thus,
= 20 2 m/s
r = 2.4 ^i m
i.e.,
x = 2.4 m
11. vx = ux = 10 m/s
v
u = 20 m/s
vx
60
ux = 20 cos 60
u2 sin 2 / g
2 u sin / g
2 u2 sin cos
g
g
2 u sin
8. Change in velocity
t=T
u sin
u cos
x = 0m
= ucos
+ u sin u
r = 0 ^i m
i.e.,
At t = 0.8 s,
20 = 40 sin 60 10 t
or
2=2 3 t
t = 2 ( 3 1) s
=1
y y = vx = 20 m/s
10. r = [3 t i + ( 4 t 5t2 ) j] m
u sin u
= ( u sin ) ( + u sin )
= 2usin
= 2usin (downward)
9. Formulae for R, T and H max will be same
= 10 m/s
vx = ux = 10 m/s
vx = v cos
v
cos = x
v
10
=
v
10
20
[as, v =
(given)]
=
10
2
=1
i.e.,
= 0
Speed will be half of its initial value at
the highest point where = 0.
Thus,
u sin
g
20 sin 60
=
= 3s
10
t=
Projectile Motion
53
10
3
3
2
=
vx
vy
= 5 m/s
vnet
u
= 60
= 30
u = 10 m/s2
g = 10 m/s2
T=
10 m
2u sin ( )
g cos
x1
(2 10 sin(60 30 )
=
10 cos 30
2
s
=
3
Using,
x1 = (u cos ) t
x2 = v t
d = x2 x1
= (v + u cos ) t
= [10 + 10 2 cos 45 ] t = 20 t
1
Using equation, s = ut + at2
2
For vertical motion of particle 1 :
1
h 10 = (u sin ) t + ( g) t2
2
1
i.e.,
(i)
h = 10 + (u sin ) t gt2
2
1
or
h 10 + 10 t gt2
2
For the vertical motion of particle 2 :
1
20 h = gt2
2
1
i.e.,
(ii)
h = 20 gt2
2
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii),
1
1
10 + 10 t g t2 = 20 g t2
2
2
t = 1s
d = 20 m
and
v = u + at
vx = ux = u cos 60
1
= 10 = 5 m/s
2
v y = u y + ( g) T
= u sin 60 gT
3
2
= 10
10
2
3
3 4
= 10
2 3
5
m/s
=
3
vnet = v2x + v2y
5
= 52 +
3
=5 1+
=
1
3
10
m/s
3
u = 10 m/s
v = 5 2 m/s
4.
plane
= vnet cos
=
10
cos 30
3
x2
d
v
u
B
d
54 | Mechanics-1
= 30
= 45
d = 15 m
Let the particles meet (or are in the same
vertical time t).
d = (u cos ) t + (v cos ) t
u = 40 m/s
= 60
= 30
g = 10 m/s 2
=
vx = ux = u cos
vx = v cos = v cos
u cos = v cos
u cos 40 cos 60
v=
=
cos
cos 30
1
40
2
=
3
2
40
m/s
=
3
or
= 1.009 s
Now, let us find time of flight of A and B
2 u sin
TA =
g
= 1s
As TA < t, particle A will touch ground
before the expected time t of collision.
Ans : NO.
= Vertical displacement of B
vA
20
/s
m
time t
a = 10 m/s2
= 30 =
6
= +
4 2
/6
=
+
4
2
=
3
= 60
1 2
1
gt = vB t gt2
2
2
v A sin = vB
(v A sin ) t
v
A
u
(b) x = (v A cos ) t
= (20 cos 30 )
=5 3 m
vB
vA
10 1
=
=
20 2
= 30
sin =
i.e.,
vB = 10 m/s
1
2
Projectile Motion
55
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
1. (a) R =
or
= 80 m
2
H=
= 40 m
2 u sin 2 (20 2) sin 45
T=
=
g
10
=4s
T=
T2 4 T 8 = 0
( 4) + ( 4)2 4(1)( 8)
2 (1)
v=u+at
20 m/s
a = 10 m/s2
2 u sin
T=
g
1
2 20 2
2
=
10
=4s
(c) Velocity of particle at the time of
collision with ground.
= (20 ^i + 20 ^j) + ( 10 ^j ) 4
1
( 10) T2
2
T =2 2s
= 2.83 s
R = 2.83 20
= 56.6 m
( 40) = 0 T +
(c) s = ut +
1 2
at
2
= (20 ^i 20 ^j ) m/s
2. (a) s = ut +
1 2
at
2
20 2 m/s
40 m
20 m/s
202 m/s
+
40 m
45
1
( 10) T2
2
5T2 + 20T 40 = 0
T2 + 4 T 8 = 0
( 40) = ( 20) T +
or
or
a = 10 m/s2
T
R
or
1
( 10) T2
2
5T2 20T 40 = 0
( 40) = ( + 20) T +
T=
=
4 + ( 4)2 4 (1) ( 8)
2 (1)
4+ 4 3
= 2 + 2 3 = 1.46 s
2
56 | Mechanics-1
R = 20 1.46
= 29.2 m
100
1
40
2
5
m/s
=
2
v=
a = 10 ^j m/s 2
= 60 ^i + 15 ^j
v av =
60 ^i + 15 ^j
3
= 20 ^i + 5 ^j
|v av |= (20)2 + (5)2
= 425
= 20.6 m/s
u
Player
t=0
R
t=T
50 m
60 cos 60
vT = 50
t=0
=b
2cx
dt
dt
dt
dy
dx
(at x = 0)
=b
dt
dt
2
60
6. Y = bx cx2
4. R + vT = 50
Coach
v cos = 60 cos 60
v cos 45 = 60 cos 60
60 cos 60
v=
cos 45
= 30 2 m/s
For point P :
v sin 45 = 60 sin 60 + ( 10) t1
3
or
30 = 60
10 t1
2
t1 = 3 ( 3 1)
= 2.20 s
For point Q :
v sin 45 = 60 sin 60 + ( 10) t2
t2 = 3 ( 3 + 1)
= 8.20 s
= 60 ^i + 60 ^j 45 ^j
t = t1 v cos
v
a = 10m/s2 v sin
Displacement at time t (= 3 s)
1
= u t + a t2
2
1
^
= (20 i + 20 ^j) 3 + ( 10 ^j) 32
2
u sin
g
2 u sin
(20)2
v
= 50
g
10
2
20
sin
45
v
= 10
10
dx
dy
v= +
dt
dt
2
dx
dx
= + b2
dt
dt
= 1 + b2
dx
dt
(ii)
Projectile Motion
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. time t
2
d2 y
d2 x
d2 x
dx
=
b
2
c
2cx 2 (iii)
2
2
dt
dt
dt
dt
Acceleration of particle
2
d2 x
d2 x
a = 2 + 2
dt
dt
d2 x
=0
dt2
d2 x
d2 y
Substituting
and
=
0
= a in
dt2
dt2
Eq. (iii)
2
dx
a = 2c
dt
(6.1) =
+ 2 ( 10) (9.1)
u y = 37.21 + 182
= 14.8
Angle of projection
uy
= tan 1
ux
uy
= tan 1
ux
14.8
= tan 1
7.6
= 62.82
u2 sin 2
Range =
g
dx
a
=
dt
2c
i.e.,
dx
Substituting above value of
in Eq. (ii)
dt
a
v=
(1 + b2 )
2c
^
uy
B
+h
u2y )
sin 2
57
u2y
= [( u y )2 + (ux )2 ]2
9.1 m
a = 10 m/s2
= [( 14.8)2 + (6.1)2 ]2
h=
20
= 1.86 m
Maximum height attained by ball
= 9.1 + 1. 86
= 10.96 m
(b) Let magnitude of vertical velocity at O
(point of projection) = u y
Using v2 = u2 + 2as
(Between O and A)
= 16 ms
[ux = vx ]
1 u y
(d) = = tan
ux
14.8
= tan 1
7.6
= tan 1 (1.95)
8. As
u1
time = t
12
u2
+h
a=+g
time = t
B
(90 )
58 | Mechanics-1
i.e., both will always remain in the same
horizontal line as shown in figure.
At time t :
Vertical velocity of A
= Vertical velocity of B
= 0 + ( + g) t
= gt
At A :
Vertical velocity of particle 1
tan =
Horizontal velocity of particle 1
gt
or
(i)
tan =
u1
Y
y
+
= tan
x Rx
or
or
tan = +
6 12
9
=
12
3
= tan 1
4
10. On the trajectory there be two points P
At B :
tan (90 ) =
or
cos =
gt
u2
(ii)
u1 u2
t=
u1u2
g
2u sin
2h
=
4
g
g
[Using Eq. (i)]
4u2 sin2 2 gh
=
g
x
= tan
R
(y, x)
or
u
Y = 3m
x
=6m
a=g
7 2
9.8
= 2.47 m
9. Y = x 1
(R x)
YR
= tan
x( R x)
( t2 t1) =
16 gh sin2 8 gh
g
(Qu = 2 gh)
4 h2 = u2 cos2 ( t2 t1)2
16 gh sin2 8 gh
or 4 h2 = ( 4 gh) cos2
g2
Projectile Motion
2
or
or
or
or
4 cos2 =
4
1
cos =
2
cos = 60
1
(cos = being not possible).
2
16 gh sin2 60 2 gh
( t2 t1) =
g2
=2
h
g
R+ b=
i.e.,
aR + ab =
13. R1 = v1
2h
g
v1
R1 = 10 m
v2
R2
i.e.,
u sin 2
g
(i)
1 R1 g
2 v1
1 10 9.8
2
5
= 19.6 m
2h
T=
g
=
bu2 sin 2
bR ab =
g
h=
=
i.e.,
b sin 2 + a sin 2
1
sin 1
2
a+b
a=g
v sin = u sin = ( g) t
Now, as horizontal acceleration will be
zero.
v cos = u cos
Thus, Eq. (i) becomes
u cos
sin = u sin gt
cos
12. R a =
(ii)
(Proved.)
a=0
au2 sin 2
g
( b sin 2 + a sin 2)
u2 sin 2
= u2
g
( a + b) g
u sin 2
g
(
b
sin
2
+
a
sin
2
)
or
R = u2
( a + b) g
v
v
R
2
(Proved)
59
2 19.6
9.8
=2s
R2 = v2 T = 7.5 2
= 15 m
60 | Mechanics-1
= 1.69 s
2u2 sin ( ) cos
R=
g cos2
O
12 km/h
50 m
vw = 20 km/h
= 12
5
m/s
18
10
m/s
3
Horizontal velocity of balloon (+ bag)
5
m/s
= Wind velocity = 20 km / h = 20
18
50
m/s
=
9
= 5.55 m/s
12
tan = . i.e., sin = 0.51
20
Bag is released at point A.
Let t be time, the bag takes from A to
reach ground.
1
Using, s = ut + at2
2
10
1
( 50) = sin t + ( g) t2
3
16.
i.e.,
t=
5t2 1.7 t 50 = 0
1.7 + ( 1.7)2 4 5 ( 50)
25
= 3.37 s
Vertical velocity of bag when it strikes
ground
10
vB =
+ (10) (3.37)
3
= 37.03 m/s
v = 5.55 m/s
Velocity of bag with which it strikes
ground
vnet = v2B + v2
= 6.31 s
u2
R=
[sin (2 + ) + sin ]
g cos2
(20 2)2
[sin (90 + 30 ) + sin 30 ]
10 cos2 30
= 145.71 m
2 u sin ( + )
17.
T=
g cos
2u sin
(Q = 0)
=
g cos
2u
=
tan
g
2 20
=
tan 30
10
= 2.31 s
u2
R=
[sin (2 + ) + sin ]
g cos2
=
u2 ( 2 sin )
g cos2
20 2.31
uT
=
=
cos 30
cos
2 20 2 sin ( 45 30 )
10 cos 30
[as = 0]
= 53.33 m
u2
18. R =
[sin (2 + ) + sin ]
g cos2
= 37.44 m/s
2 u sin ( )
15. T =
g cos
=
2 20 2 sin ( 45 + 30 )
10 cos 30
u2
[sin {2 ( + ) } + sin ]
g cos2
u2
[sin ( ) + sin ]
g cos2
[Q( + ) =
or
R=
2 u2
tan sec
g
]
2
Projectile Motion
19. (a) Acceleration of particle 1 w.r.t. that of
particle 2
= ( g) ( g)
=0
61
a m/s2
w m/s
= 10 + 1
= 20 ^i m/s
= 11 m/s 2
2 u sin
T=
g eff
= 20 m/s (downward)
(c) Horizontal velocity of 1st particle
= 0 m/s
Horizontal velocity of 2nd particle
= 20 ^i m/s
Horizontal velocity of 1st particle w.r.t.
that of 2nd particle
= 0 (20 ^i)
= 0.18 s
(b) Dotted path [(in lift) acceleration
upwards]
u
= 20 ^i m/s
Relative displacement of 1st particle w.r.t.
2nd particle at t = 2 s
= 20 ^i 2
= 40 ^i m/s
Distance between the particles at t = 2 s
= 40 m
2 2 sin 30
11
g eff = g g = 0
22. Horizontal motion :
(i)
62 | Mechanics-1
Vertical motion :
20 + (u1 sin 1) t +
u2
2
or
20
1
( g) t2
2
(ii)
(u1 sin 1 u2 sin 2 ) t = 10
+ (u2 sin 2 ) t +
u1
x1
1
( g) t2 = 30
2
x2
d = 20 m
1. v = 3 i + 4 j and F = 4 i 3 j
v F = (3 ^i + 4 ^j) ( 4 ^i 3 ^j)
= 14.14 m/s
= 14 m/s (approx)
Option (b) is correct.
u2 sin2
4. H (maximum height) =
2g
= 12 12 = 0
Fv
H1 =
u2 sin2 (90 )
u2 sin2
and H2 =
g
2g
=
1
gx2
2
2 u cos sin
x2
Y = x tan
R
Y = x tan
i.e.,
or
= 45
ux
1
= cos 45 =
u
2
u
vx =
2
u2 cos2
g
H1 sin2
=
H2 cos2
Thus,
j
i
20
2
(Qvx = ux )
Area =
=
0 Y dx
x2
x tan dx
R
x2
x3
A = tan
3 R 0
2
R2
R3
=
tan
2
3
1
2 tan
=R
3
2
Projectile Motion
=
4v40
2
3
g2
2
3
g2
2 v40
=
[3 sin2 cos 2 sin2 cos2 ]
3 g2
9. Rmax = 1.6 m
u2
= 1.6
g
or
u cos 60
cos 30
u
v=
3
v=
4 2
10
10 2
10 2
Number of jumps =
=
T
4 2 / 10
1
mv2
2
=
=
1
u2
m
2
3
K
=
3
1
2
or
2 = 30
= 15
Option (a) is correct.
2 u sin
8. T1 =
g
2 u sin (90 )
T2 =
g
2u cos
=
g
2
2 u2 sin cos
Thus,
T1T2 =
g
g
2R
or
T1T2 =
g
1
R = g T1T2
2
Option (d) is correct.
sin 2 =
Q 1 mu2 = K
= 25
Grass hopper would go
= 25 1.6 m i.e., 40 m.
Option (d) is correct.
|Displacement|
10. |Av. velocity|=
time
or
KE at B =
u = 4 m/s
2u sin 45
T=
g
6. v cos = u cos
63
1
R
2
+H
T / 2 2
1
u sin
g
u2 sin cos
u2 sin2
2g
= u cos2 +
sin2
4
u
1 + 3 cos2
2
Option (b) is correct.
=
11. d2 = R2 + u2 T2
T
u
2 /g
Ball
=u
45
90
uT
T
2 2
u
2 u sin 45
= + u2
g
=
u4 2 u4
+ 2
g2
g
3u4
g2
64 | Mechanics-1
d=
u2
g
3=
302
10
3 = 90 3 m
dy
=0
dt
d
(10t t2 ) = 0
dt
or
10 2t = 0
or
t = 5s
Maximum height attained = 10 (5) 52
= 25 m
Option (d) is correct.
u2
13. R =
[sin (2 + ) + sin ]
g cos2
i.e.,
a = g
1
( 10) t2
2
or
5t2 25t 70 = 0
or
t2 5t 14 = 0
( t 7) ( t + 2) = 0
t=7s
( 2 s not possible)
Option (c) is correct.
As = 0 (according to question)
u2
R=
[2 sin ]
g cos2
1000
m
3
sin 2 = sin 3
2 = 2
or
=
2
= = = 30
2 3 6
Maximum height attained by second
particle
u2 sin2
=
2g
102 2 g sin2 30
=
2g
sin2 60
102 1 / 4
=
= 34 m
3/4
(50)2 2 sin 30
10 cos2 30
u2 sin 2 u2 sin 2
=
g
g
if,
53
x
R
H max = 102 m
u2 sin2
= 102
2g
102 2 g
u2 =
sin2 60
[As =
= 60]
3
Second particle :
Range of the second particle will be equal
to that of particle
5T
x = R + 5T
= (u cos ) T + 5T
= T [(u cos ) + 5]
2u sin
=
[(u cos ) + 5]
g
4
2 80
5 80 3 + 5 = 256 m
=
10
5
Option (d) is correct.
Projectile Motion
65
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
1. Assertion is wrong while the explanation
and
Thus,
2. Assertion and
g 2 u sin
g 2
= T
8
g
8
i.e.,
H T2 (Reason)
H will become four times if T is made
two times.
Thus, assertion is correct and also reason
is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option (a) is correct.
y=
2y 1 2y
+ ax
ay 2
ay
x = ux
or
x = k1 y + k2 y
or
( x k2 y)2 = k12 y
or
or
x2 + k22 y2 (2 k2 + k12 ) y = 0
6.
1
a y t2
2
v2 v1
t2 t1
( u + a t2 ) ( u + a t1)
t2 t1
Initial velocity of B = uB
B is projected at an angle with
horizontal.
For time (TA ) taken by A to return to the
point of projection :
u
45
45
ay
( u A ) = ( + u A ) + ( g) TA
2u
TA = A = 4 (s)
g
uB sin = 2 g
ux
Height attained by B
ax
x
H=
u2B sin2
2g
66 | Mechanics-1
=
(2 g)2
2g
= 2g
= 20 m
Assertion is correct.
Reason for this incomplete as then TA will
not be equal to TB .
Thus, option (c) is correct.
u2
8.
H= V
2g
H1 : H2 = 4 H : H
u12V u22 V
:
= 4 :1
2g 2g
i.e.,
or
energy
(i)
1
1
mv2 + mgh = mu2
2
2
2
v = u 2 gh
For R1 = R2
u1V u1H = u2 V u2 H
or
u1V : v2 V = 2 : 1
2 uV uH
R=
g
u1H u2 V
=
u2 H u1H
u1H 1
=
u2 H 2
Assertion is correct.
1 2
at
2
u P
16.8 m
Q
4.8 m
1
= (u sin ) t + ( gt)2
2
= 24 sin 7 2
For = 30 :
s = 4.8 m
= 1s
Above displacement is for point Q.
For = 90 :
s = 16.8 m
For = 30 : OD = (u cos ) t
= (20 cos 30 ) 1 2
= 20.8
2
QR = (20.8) + (16.8 4.8)2
= 24 m
Option (c) is correct.
Projectile Motion
2. t =
d
1
also h = gt2
u
2
u
h
time = t
5.
1
d2
g 2
2
u
2 u2 h
2
d =
g
h=
y = x2
dy
dx
= 2x
dt
dt
d2 x dx 2
d2 y
and
= 2 x 2 +
dt
dt2
dt
d2 x dx 2
or
= 2 x 2 +
dt
dt
2
d x
Now, as 2 = 0
dt
(acceleration being along y-axis only)
dx
=
dt
2
Option (d) is correct.
horizontally
P
R'
Slope
PQ = H max =
x
dy
1
2x
= tan
dx
2 u2 sin cos
Slope
OQ =
u2 sin cos
g
u2 sin2
u2 sin cos
=
+
g
2g
tan
and
u2 sin2
2g
T = Time of flight
T/2
67
x
Slope of trajectory = tan 2
u sin cos
Substituting x = (u cos ) t
(u cos ) t
dy
= tan 2
dx
u sin cos
t
= tan
u sin
Option (a) is correct.
T
t
u2
g
sin4
+ sin2 cos2
4
u2
g
3 1 2
1 3
+
4 4
2 2
68 | Mechanics-1
=
u2
g
u2 21
8g
9
3
+
64 16
[as
dy
= constant]
dt
P at time t
u = 10 3 m/s
i.e., v = u
v = 10 3 m/s
v
R/2
R/2
P (time = t)
(u cos ) t
vt
Further,
and
i.e.,
or
or
or
or
or
or
dy
dy dx
+2
=
dt
dt dt
dy dx
(2 y + 2)
=
dt dt
dx
= 10 ( y + 1)
dt
d2 x
dy
= 10
dt
dt2
2y
= 50 m/s 2
60
30
203m
OQ tan = PQ
1
t [v cos ] tan = u sin gt t
2
10 [1 cos 60 ] tan 30
1
= 10 sin 60 10
2
5
= 5 3 5t
3
1
t= 3
3
2
s
=
3
1
PQ = (u sin ) gt2
2
QR = vt (u cos ) t
PQ
tan =
QR
8. y2 + 2 y + 2 = x
3
3
D2min = 400 3 1 + 400
4
4
or
= 75 + 75 3
Dmin = 10 3 m
Option (b) is correct.
Projectile Motion
69
gT = u cos + v cos
u cos + v cos
or
(ii)
T=
g
Now, as = ( = 30 ), u = v from Eq. (i)
u 3
g
or
a=
u2 sin
g
or
(as = 30)
u2 = 2ag
or
u2 = 2 4.9 9.8
or
u = 9.8 m/s
Option (a) is correct.
Wind
a=g
a = constant
u2 sin cos R
=
2g
4
flight)
l
tic
ar
fp
o
th
u2 sin sin
2g
u2 sin sin (90 )
=
2g
h1h2 =
Pa
2u sin
g
2u sin
t2 (time of flight of second) =
g
t1 sin
sin
=
=
= tan
t2 sin sin (90 )
t1 (time of flight of first) =
x=
1 2
at
2
(i)
70 | Mechanics-1
Vertical displacement in time t
1
y = gt2
2
y g
=
x a
or y = constant x [as a is constant]
Option (a) is correct.
Substituting y = 49 m in Eqs. (ii)
1
49 = 9.8 t2
2
t = 10 = 3.16 s
PQ > PR ( = 40 m )
Option (d) is correct.
(ii)
v
P
v cos
+ = 90
w cos
w
w cos = v cos
or
w cos (90 ) = v cos
or
w sin = v cos
or
w = v cos
Option (b) is correct.
Option (a) is incorrect.
Vertical velocity of particle at Q
= wsin
= wsin (90 )
= wcos
Using, v = u + at
( w cos ) = ( + v sin ) + ( g) T
[where T = time from P to Q]
gT = v sin + w cos
= v sin + v cot cos
cos2
= v sin + v
sin
= v cosec
v cosec
t=
g
4. v = 10 i + 10 j
v
H
O
a = 10 m/s2
15m
t=3s
Option (b) is incorrect.
Horizontal range of particle
= vx t
= 10 3 = 30 m
Option (c) is incorrect.
Maximum height of projectile from ground
= H + 15
u2 sin2
=
+ 15
2g
Using relation, s = ut +
=
=
v2y
2g
+ 15
(10)2
+ 15
2 10
= 20 m
Option (d) is correct.
5. Average velocity between any two points
Projectile Motion
In projectile motion
a = constant
dv
= constant
dt
Option (c) is correct.
d2 v
=0
dt2
Option (d) is correct.
1
6. ( + h) = ( + u sin ) t + ( g) t2
2
t = t1
A
gt2 (2 u sin ) t + 2h = 0
2 u sin
2h
, t1t2 =
t1 + t2 =
g
g
40
2
= 20 m/s
ucos =
40 m
20 m
u sin = 40 g
= 20 m/s
Option (c) is correct.
(u cos ) tAB = 40
Bt=t
15 m
H = 20 m
Option (b) is correct.
u2 sin2
i.e.,
= 20
2g
also
71
8 ( H h)
g
(i)
t = 1 or 3
t = 1 s for A and t = 3 s for B.
Option (a) is correct.
S2
2 (t = 1 s)
10 m
1 (at t = 1s)
10 m/s
30 m
1 (at t = 2 s)
S3
2
at t = 2 s
S1 : S2 : S3
=1:3:5
horizontal
component
of
= 10 0 = 10 m/s
(c) (p)
(d) Relative vertical component of velocity
(at t = 2 s)
= Velocity of 1 at t = 2 s
50 m
Vertical velocity of 2 at t = 2 s
= Velocity of 1 at t = 2 s
Velocity of 1 at t = 1 s
= (2 g) (1 g) = g
= 10 m/s
(d) (p).
72 | Mechanics-1
2. Given, H = 20 m
u2 sin2
= 20
2g
usin = 20
(d) (s)
Time of flight =
2u sin
=4s
g
(a) (s)
R
(given)
2
u2 sin2 1 2 u2 sin cos
=
2g
2
g
u sin
=2
u cos
(b) (q)
u sin
u cos =
= 10 m/s
2
(c) (r)
u2 sin (2 15 )
3.
= 10
2g
H=
(a) (q)
u
= 20 m
2g
Rmax = 20 m
u2
= 10 m
4g
(b) (p)
(c) Range at ( 45 + ) = Range at ( 45 )
Range at 75 = Range at 15
= 10 m (given)
(c) (p)
u2 sin2 30
(d) Height at 30 =
2g
=
1 u2
4 2g
= 5m
(d) (s)
2 u sin
4. (a) T =
g
2u
=
g
u2 sin2 u
=
2g
2g
v (at A) = (u cos ) ^i
|OA|
=
T /2
R
H2 +
2
T /2
u2 sin2 2 1 2 u sin cos 2
+
4
g
2 g
u sin
g
u
1 + 3 cos2
2
(b) (s)
=
Projectile Motion
(c) Velocity at B
vB
73
= (90 ^i 40 ^j) m
= (u cos ) i (u sin ) j
= 50 ^j m
|v B u| = 2 u sin
Thus, (c) (s).
(d) |Average velocity between 0 and B|
Range
=
Time of flight
(u cos ) T
=
= ucos
T
(d) (p).
6. (a) Horizontal displacement of (1) at t = 2 s
Y
(b) (r)
(c) Horizontal velocity of (1) at t = 2 s
v1H = 30 ^i
v2 H = 20 ^i
v RH = v2 H v1H
20 j
= ( 20 ^i) ( + 30 ^i)
(2)
20 i
= 50 ^i m/s
30 j
|v RH|= 50 m/s
X
(1)
30 i
S1H = 30 ^i m/s 2 s
v 1 V = 30 ^j + ( 10 ^j) (2)
= + 60 ^i m
= 10 ^j
v 1 V = 20 ^j + ( 10 ^j) (1)
S2 H = 130 i m + ( 20 i m / s) (1 s)
= 110 ^i m
= 10 ^j
= (110 i 60 i) m = 50 i m
(a) (r)
(b) Vertical displacement of (1) at t = 2 s
1
S1V = 30 ^j m/s 2 s + ( 10 ^j m / s2 ) (2 s)2
2
= 60 ^j m 20 ^j m
= 40 ^j m
Vertical displacement of (2) at t = 2 s
S2 V = 75 ^j m + (20 ^j m / s) (1 s)
1
+ ( 10 ^j m / s2 ) (16)2
2
= 90 ^j m
|v RV|= 0 m/s
Thus (d) (s)
2 uy
7. T =
T uy
g
H=
u2y
2g
H u2y
H A = HB = HC
TA = TB = TC
Further, R = ux T
T is same. But
R A < RB < RC
u XA < u XB < u XC
Laws of Motion
Introductory Exercise 5.1
N sin + w A = N
N (R)
B
R'
Force of sphere B
wB
wall,
O
(Force acting on
plank)
R'
w
f'
Ground
2.
B
A
R Force on sphere A
w
N'
N(R)
Laws of Motion
w = Weight of sphere,
T = Tension in string.
4. Component
7. R cos 30 + 3 = f cos 60
R
of F1
60
30
3N
i.e.,
or
and
of F3
i.e.,
or
Component
10 N
60
of F2
Component
of F4
O
A
T sin 30
30
AB = l
R 3
f
+3=
2
2
R 3 +6= f
R sin 30 + f sin 60 = 10
1
3
R +f
= 10
2
2
R + f 3 = 20
( T sin 30 ) l = w
(i)
(ii)
R=
= 2.4 N
4
f = (2.4) 3 + 6
= 10.16 N
8. At
point B (instantaneous
acceleration only)
vertical
AB = l
l
2
T
T
T=w
75
45
OA
OB + BC
a
1
=
=
a+a 2
sin =
or
or
T cos 30 = w
3
T
=w
2
2
T=
w
3
mg
mg T sin 45 = ma
(i)
T cos 45 = ma
Combining Eqs. (i) and (ii)
mg ma = ma
g
a=
2
76 | Mechanics-1
Introductory Exercise 5.2
1. Acceleration of system
a=
( + 120) + ( 50)
1+ 4 +2
n
co
v(
sta
nt)
= 10 m/s2
Let normal force between 1 kg block and
4 kg block = F1
Net force on 1 kg block = 120 N
120 F1
a=
1
or
10 = 120 F1
i.e.,
F1 = 110 N
Net force on 2 kg block = 2 a
= 2 10
= 20 N
2. As, 4 g sin 30 > 2 g sin 30
T
mg
=30
Tension in spring = mg
= 1 10
= 10 N
5. Pseudo force ( = ma) on plumb-bob will be
as shown in figure
a
T
ma
90 mg
N
a
= 30
ma
A
mg
N (R) = N
N=
mg
4
a= g
4
4. Angle made by the string with the normal
to the ceiling = = 30
As the train is moving with constant
velocity no pseudo force will act on the
plumb-bob.
Laws of Motion
a cos
=
g + a sin
cos
=
2 + sin
cos 30
=
2 + sin 30
6.
2kg
1kg
F=8N
8
= 2 m/s 2
2+1+1
B
T1 T1
1kg
T2 T2
8 T2 = 1 2
T2 = 6 N
Net force on 1 kg block = T1
T1 = 2a = 2 2 = 4 N
3
= tan 1
5
i.e.,
a=
3
5
2kg
T2
T1
T1
T2 F
T1
T1
T1
mg
T1
T2
T2
4g
T2
2g
1g
or
3g
T2
T2 = 2 g
(i)
T2 + F = T1
(ii)
T2 + g = T1
[ii (a)]
T1 = mg
(iii)
and
T1 = 4 g
T2 = 1 g
T1
=4
T2
3. 2 g T = 2a
2g + g = mg
i.e.,
77
m = 3 kg
a
1g
2g
8N
78 | Mechanics-1
T 1 g = 1a
Adding above two equations
1g = 3a
g
a=
3
u2 ( g / 3)2
g
=
=
2a
2g
18
F + 1 g T = 1a
4.
t = s
3
T
T
1g
2g
and
(ii)
T 2 g = 2a
a=
=
3
3
2T = 2 a
1.
a
2 kg
Acceleration of 1 kg block
2 g 20
2a =
=
ms 2
3
3
Tension in the string
g 10
N
T= =
3
3
2T 2T
T
T
2a
1g
and
1 g T = 2a
(ii)
(i)
Mg T = Ma
2.
T
T
M
a
T
T
a
mg
Laws of Motion
(ii)
T = Ma
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii)
g
a=
2
and
T = Mg
T
T
M
or
T/2
Mg
T/2
T
2a
T/2 T/2
T/2
T/2
i.e.,
T/2
T/2
79
g
T = 4 g +
5
24 g
=
5
(ii)
F T = m2 a
or
3g
or
2g
T = Mg
(i)
T = 4 m1a
(i)
F 4 m1a = m2 a
F
a=
4 m1 + m2
=
0.40
( 4 0.3) + 0.2
0.40
1.4
2
= ms 2
7
=
T = 4 m1a
= 4 0.3
2.4
7
12
N
=
35
2
7
80 | Mechanics-1
Introductory Exercise 5.5
1 2
at
2
Displacement of block at time t relative to
car would be
2. (a) Using s = s0 + ut +
m1a
N sin
m1 g
m1g sin
cos
m1a sin
a = 5i ms2
a = 5i ms2
u = 10i ms1
v=0
(at t = 0)
T
N
Car
x0
1
( 5) t2
2
x = x0 + 10 t 2.5 t2
x = x0 + 10 t +
M
Mg
or
t=4s
3. (a) In cars frame position of object at time
t would be given by
In cars frame
(at t = 0 s)
O x0
z0
a = 5 ms2
a = 5i ms2
v=0
u = 10k ms1
1
( 5) t2
2
i.e.,
(i)
x = x0 2.5 t2
and
(ii)
z = z + 10 t
Velocity of the object at time t would be
dx
(iii)
vx =
= 5t
dt
dz
and
(iv)
vz =
= 10
dt
(b) In ground frame the position of the
object at time t would be given by
x = x0 + 0 t +
Laws of Motion
In ground frame
O x0
At t = 0
a = 5i ms2
v=0
z0
u = 10k ms1
x = x0
z = z0 + 10 t
and
4. m = 2 kg
O
u = 10i ms1
x0
a = 5i ms2
v=0
a = 3 ms2
ma
mg sin
= 37
f + ma cos = mg sin
f = mg sin ma cos
3
4
= m 10 m 3
5
5
18 m 9
=
=
mg
5
25
or
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
T1
and T2 =
2
T
At point Q, F2 = 1 and W =
2
At point P, F1 =
5.
T2
F1
81
NB
45
T1
30
T1
45
NA
F2
N A sin 30 = N B
and N A cos 30 = W
T1
2
T1
2
82 | Mechanics-1
3T
=W
2
T
H=
2
Net moment about O = zero
l
3T
.
W =
l
2
2
100 40
10. (a) a =
= 3 m/s2
6 + 4 + 10
6. T2
V +
45
T1
T2
= W and
2
T2
= T1
2
(c) N 40 = F10 = 30
N = 70 N.
F
60
11. a =
=
= 1 m/s2
m1 + m2 + m3 60
(a)
40 N
x
N
10 cm
N = 40
f = 20
f 10 = N x
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
T1 = m1a = 10 N
T2 T1 = m2 a
T2 10 = 20
T2 = 30 N
(b) T1 = 0 . New acceleration
60
a =
= 1.2 m /s2
50
T2 = m2 a = 24 N
12. (a)
8.
T1
30
0.1 kg
1.9 kg
2g
T1 2 g = 2a
30
(b)
T2
9.
T + f cos 30 = N sin 30
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3T
2
H
T/2
W
(iii)
F6 = 18 N, F4 = 12 N and F10 = 30 N
and
(ii)
7.
W = 20 N
(i)
2.9 kg
a
0.2 kg
1.9 kg
T2 5 g = 5a
5g
Laws of Motion
200 16 g
13. (a) a =
16
(b) T1 11 g = 11a
(c) T2 9 g = 9 a
20.
83
a
T2 = T1
1
T1
T1
a
2
2T1
15. Tension on B = T
Tension on A = 3 T
1
Now in these situations a
T
T1
ar
T1
2
aA
2T
a
2
aA
= sin
aB
g
M
a A = aB sin
21.
aB
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
T1 = 1a
T1 20 = 2 ( ar a / 2)
30 T1 = 3( ar + a / 2)
17.
18. x + y = 6
30
2M
2 Mg
(i)
T Mg sin 30 = Ma
a
2Mg 2T = 2M
2
(i)
yx=4
Solving, we get
x = 1 m/s2
n
si
(ii)
(ii)
22. T = 1a
10 T = 1a
23.
ar
(i)
(ii)
2T
2T
50
40
1
x
2a
a
y
2
y
3
19.
7g 3g
= 4 m/s2
10
40 T1 = 4 a
30 + T1 T2 = 3 a
T3 10 = 1a
a=
50 2T = 5a
T 40 = 4(2a)
24. (a) N = 40 N, s N = 24 N
F < sN
f = 20 N and a = 0
(b) N = 20 N, s N = 12 N
and k N = 8 N
(i)
(ii)
84 | Mechanics-1
F > sN
f = kN = 8 N
20 8
a=
= 6 m/s 2
2
and
27. f = (06
. )(2)(10) = 12 N
a2
2 kg
1 kg
s N = 8 N and
Since, F cos 45 > s N
and
f = kN = 4 N
20 4
a=
6
8
= m/s2
3
25. a = g = 3 m/s2
(a) v = at
6 = 3 t or t = 2 s
1
(b) s = at2
2
1
s = 3 4 = 6 m.
2
26. f = 0.4 1 10 = 4 N
a1
1 kg
f
a2
2 kg
f
a1 =
f
= 4 m/s2
1
a2 =
f
= 2 m/s2
2
t = 1s
(b) v1 = v2 = 2 + 4 1 = 6 m/s
1
(c) s1 = u1t + a1t2
2
1
s2 = u2 t a2 t2
2
+ve
a1
(c) N = 60 20 = 40 N
kN = 4 N
ve
f
f
12
= 6 m/s2
2
12
and a1 =
= 12 m/s2
1
(a) Relative motion will stop when
v1 = v2
or
u1 + a1t = u2 + a2 t
or
3 6t = 18 + 12t
7
t= s
6
(b) Common velocity at this instant is
v1 or v2 .
1
(c) s1 = u1t + a1t2 and
2
1
s2 = u2 t + a2 t2
2
a2 =
28. N = 20 N
s N = 16 N
and k N = 12 N
Since, W = 20 N > s N, friction k N will
act.
20 12
a=
= 4 m/s2
2
29. N = 20 N
N = 16 N
Block will start moving when
F = N
or
2t = 16
or
t = 8 s.
After 8 s
2t 16
a=
= t8
2
i.e., a-t graph is a straight line with
positive slope and negative intercept.
30. N = 60 N, s N = 36 N, k N = 24 N
Block will start moving when
F = sN
Laws of Motion
or
(b)
4 t = 36
t=9s
85
12 N
After 9 s
a=
4 t 24 2
= t4
6
3
52 N
F + 12 = 52
F = 40 N
31. N = mg cos = 30 N
mg sin 30 = 30 3 N 52 N.
s N = 18 N and
k N = 12 N
F
(a)
(c)
52 N
18 N
12 N
F 52 12 = 6 4
F = 88 N
52 N
F = 52 18 = 34 N.
Objective Questions (Level-1)
Single Correct Option
mg F
F
=g
m
m
m A > mB
a A > aB
or ball A reaches earlier.
4 g 2g g
2. a =
=
6
3
g
Now, 2 g T = 2
3
4g
T=
= 13 N
3
mg T = ma
1. a =
Tmax
m
2
mg
g
=g3
=
m
3
10 g 5 g g
5. a =
=
15
3
g
10 g T = 10
3
20 g
T=
= Reading of spring
3
balance.
2mg sin 30 mg
6. a =
=0
3m
T = mg
T1
3.
amin = g
30
T2
3 T1
= 100
2
T1
= T2
2
4.
T
a
mg
(i)
(ii)
a2 = g sin = g sin 45
2s
1
Now t =
or t
a
a
t1
a2
=
t2
a1
g sin 45
g sin 45 g cos 45
3
Solving, we get =
4
or
2=
86 | Mechanics-1
8. F1 = mg sin + mg cos
14. f = mg sin
F2 = mg sin mg cos
Given that F1 = 2F2
15. 2T cos 30 = F
60
T
30
F
3
T cos 60
a=
m
F
=
2 3m
T=
16.
h = R R cos = 1
R
2
a=
=
g
25
25
9
T1 5 g = 5a = g
5
34
T1 =
g
5
27
15 g T2 = 15a =
g
5
48
g
T2 =
5
T1 17
=
T2 24
13.
N = mg F sin
N = (tan ) N = (tan )( mg F sin )
F cos = N
17. mg = 0.2 4 10 = 8 N
At t = 2 s, F = 4 N
Since F < mg
Force of friction f = F = 4 N
18. a1 = g sin
a2 = g sin g cos
t=
t1
=
t2
1
=
2
25
1
or t
a
a
a2
a1
g sin g cos
g sin
T = m( g + 2a)
20.
a=0
3 F = (50 + 25) g = 75 g
F = 25 g = 250 N
Laws of Motion
21.
N1
1 + 2
3m
N2
or
22.
tan =
1 + 2
mg
f = 30 N
30 N > mg
Normal reaction N = mg = 40 N
N2 = W = 250
fmax = N2 = 75 N
1
Mg
g
2
=
M
2
Mg
(always)
2 kg
0.2
8 kg
25 N
F
f
1 + 2
Since
25. mg = 32 N
N2
1 + 2
1
= mg
2
N1
mg
Fmin =
N1 = N2
N2 = W
Net moment about B should be zero.
3
W = N1 4
2
23. a =
N2
4m
87
1 M
M
Mg
g=
a=
2 2
2
4
Mg
T=
2
F
24.
N = mg F sin
F cos = N = ( mg F sin )
mg
F=
cos + sin
dF
For F to be minimum,
=0
d
0.5
a=0
88 | Mechanics-1
30.
t=
m
m
2 m g
a
F = at
a2 = g sin 60 =
3
g
2
ar = |a 1 a 2|=
= g/2
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
Substituting =
T = m1( g a)
2m1m2 g
=
( m1 + m2 )
m1 g T = m1a
(if m1 > m2 )
Laws of Motion
89
T'
T'
T T
2T
N sin
90
ma (pseudo
force)
T' T'
mg
co
T
mg
= ( m A + mB ) g + m A g + 2m A g
= ( 4m A + mB ) g
But,
Tmax = M max g
M max g = ( 4 m A + mB ) g
i.e.,
M max = ( 4 m A + mB )
= 0.3 [( 4 100) + 70] = 81 kg
Option (c) is correct.
v = 8 t ^i 2 t2 ^j
m2
m1
a=
N = mg cos ma sin
2.
dv
dt
m2a
m1a
= 8 i 4t j
y
m1
2i
4j
Fs = 1 ( 8 ^i + 4 ^j )
= 8 ^i + 4 ^j
Gravitational force on sphere
= mg ^j = 10 ^j
Net force on sphere
F = 8 ^i + 4 ^j 10 ^j = 8 ^i 6 ^j
|F |= 10 N
Option (b) is correct.
N=0
f2
f1
N=0
m2
When a is f1
f2
Zero
g
2
Zero
g
m1
2
Zero
Zero
Zero
g
m2
2
m1 g
Zero
m2 g
(Not yet
attained
limiting
value
which is
2 m1 g)
(Attained
limiting
value)
90 | Mechanics-1
Fig. 3
5. N + ma sin = mg cos
N
T
a3
ma sin
ma (pseudo
force)
in
gs
m1
mg sin mg
a = g cos
and
Speed of C w.r.t.
ground = v0
Speed of A w.r.t.
ground = v1 v0
Now, speed of B w.r.t.
ground = speed of A is
w.r.t. ground
v2 = v1 v0
v1 v2 = v0
Option (a) is correct.
7. Fig. 1
m1
T
T
T
a3
m2g
m2 g T = m2 a3
T m1 g sin = m1a3
m m1 sin
a3 = 2
g
m1 + m2
Substituting m1 = 4 kg, m2 = 3 kg
and
= 30
3
a1 =
g
4+3
3
= g
7
43
a2 =
g
4+3
1
= g
7
1
3 42
2g
a3 =
4+3
1
= g
7
a1 > a2 = 3
Option (b) is correct.
8. F fmax T = ma (For lower block)
m2g
and
T
T
T
mg
2
mg
1
F 2 fmax = 2ma
or
F 2 mg = 2ma
F
or
a=
g
2m
Option (c) is correct.
Fig. 2
and
m2 g T = m2 a1
m2
a1 =
g
m1 + m2
m1 g T = m2 a2
T m2 g = m1a2
m m2
a2 = 1
g
m1 + m2
a2
a1
9. a2 cos(90 ) = a1
a2
Laws of Motion
10. Had been 90.
v1
v1 90
m
v2
B
w
T = m ( g + a)
Mm
= m g +
g
M + m
M m
= mg 1 +
M + m
ma cos
10
20
F (force of friction)
mg sin 10 = 0.174 mg
mg sin 20 = 0.342 mg
30
40
mg cos 30 = 0.500 mg
mg cos 40 = 0.442 mg
60
90
mg cos 60 = 0.287 mg
Zero
a cos
O
a
90
T mg = ma
T
m
= 30
13. Mg T = Ma
tan =
3
3
inclined plane if
2T
2T
ma
(Pseudo
furce)
91
mg
= mg [1 + 1]
{as m << M , M m M and
Mg
M + m M}
= 2 mg
Tension in the string suspended from
ceiling = 2T = 4 mg
Option (a) is correct.
Mm
a=
g
M+m
g cos (90 )
= g sin
90
Condition
Increase but not
linearly only
Decrease but not
linearly only
92 | Mechanics-1
mg
F F
Am
cos
ma
F
B
mg
2m
F
F
mg
For no slipping
a A = aB
F mg g
=
m
2
3
i.e.,
F = mg
2
2 F
=
3 mg
21
3
1
10 3
_ 10
2
2
1
s
=
5
t=
ma cos
mg sin
= m ( g sin + a cos )
g eff = g sin + a cos
direction
Substituting s = 1 m,
= 30,
a = 10 3 m/s 2 and g = 10 m/s 2
For no slipping.
Option (c) is correct.
sin
min =
3 mg
= ma cos mg sin
= m ( a cos g sin )
g eff = a cos g sin
w/2
w sin 30
w/2
2
30
w cos 30
2
f
w
f = frictional force
5w
4
5w
fmax = N =
4
The block will remain stationary if
5w
w
cos 30
2
4
w 3
5w
or
2 2
4
or
3 5
3
or
5
3
Block will move if <
5
Option (d) is correct.
N=
Laws of Motion |
T
19. F1 = 2t
f1
F = 15N
f2 2 = 0.5
1 = 0.6
60
At t = 2 s
F1 = 4 N
4N
P
T
2m
T
T
15N
= 30
and
At t = 2 s
= 11 N
As Fnet > ( f1) max + ( f2 ) max , the system will
remain at rest and the values frictional
forces on the blocks will be given
T = 4 + f1 and T = 15 f2
4 + f1 = 15 f2
(i)
f1 + f2 = 11 N
|T1|= |T2|= T
mg
mg
T1 =
(cos 30 ) ^i +
(sin 30 ) ^j
3
3
mg 3 ^ mg ^
=
i+
j
6
6
mg ^
|T2|=
j
3
Force by clamp on pulley P
y
T2
T1
Option (a) f1 = 4 N, f2 = = 5 N
f1 + f2 = 1 N
wrong
60
x
Option (b) f1 = 2 N, f2 = + 5 N
f1 + f2 = 3 N
wrong
wrong
Option (d) f1 = + 1 N, f2 = + 10 N
f1 + f2 = 11 N correct.
OR
As the likely movement would be towards
right f2 will be at its maximum.
f2 = 10 N
f1 = 1 N
T = ma
2 mg sin = 3 ma
2 g sin 30 g
a=
=
3
3
mg
T=
3
( f2 ) max = 0.5 2 10
T
T
93
T1
T2
mg 3 ^ mg ^ mg ^
i+
j+
j
6
6
3
mg 3 $ 3 mg $ mg
=
i+
j =
( 3 ^i + 3 ^j)
6
6
6
=
2 kg
f2
1 = 0.6
f1
2 = 0.3
16N
94 | Mechanics-1
T
2 kg
f2
4 kg
16N
x=
f1
16 = T + f1
As f1 will be at its maximum value
f1 = 12 N
T = 16 12
= 4 N [from Eq. (i)]
Further, for the equilibrium of 2 kg mass.
T = f1
f1 = 4 N
Option (c) is correct.
22. For the rotational equilibrium of rod
A
ma
mg
(i)
mg cos
= mg
+ cos = mg sec
cos
1
m
2
=
N
mg sec
or
mg cos = ma sin
a = g cot
Option (d) is correct.
23. v = 2 t
dv d
=
(2 t2 ) = 4 t
dt dt
At t = 1 s, a = 4 ms 2
As
a = sg
a
4
s = =
= 0.4
g 10
a=
A
mg
be zero.
P
R2
8m
1m
10 g
x
1m
mg cos
= 45
mg sin
R1
tan = tan
=
Laws of Motion |
Thus, the normal force ( N ) will pass
through point A.
9 ms2
N sin
mg
F (= 3 )
f=F
mg
aA
aA = | a A |
l/4
l/6
mB a A cos
sin tan
mB a A
=
tan2
10 9
=
= 160 N
2
3
4
5
37
4
= m ( g a)
T
N = ma
f = N
= ma
a = 4 ms2
L = 1m
mg
ma
mg
( T / 2) = ma Box
ma mg
T+
=
Pendulum with
2
2
respect to
box
ma mg
2ma +
=
2
2
a= g/3
a
T
aB
N cos =
mg
l l
l
N1 = N2
2 4
2
l
l
N1 = N2
4
3
N1 : N2 = 4 : 3
Option (c) is correct.
aB = | a B |
N2
29.
(ii)
a A = aB tan
aA
N sin = mB
tan
mB a A
N=
sin tan
Force on rod by wedge
N (= mg)
= 37 B
mgx = Fa
mg
or mgx =
a
3
a
i.e., x =
3
(i)
N sin = mB aB
30.
95
g eff = g a
2L
t=
g eff
=
2L
g a
21
10 (0.5 4)
1
= 0.5 s
2
96 | Mechanics-1
32. The direction of the normal reactions
33. T Mg = Ma
C3
C2
COC2 = 90
2R
C2O =
3
C2O
cos =
C2C
2R / 3
=
2R
1
=
3
is the angle which any N makes with
vertical
= 90
3
1
sin = cos =
1
3
2
cos =
2
3
For the vertical equilibrium of the sphere.
3 N cos = mg
2
or
3N
= mg
3
mg
or
N=
2 3
Option (b) is correct.
( 500 + 80n )g
i.e.,
N
N
C1
T = M ( g + a)
2 104 M ( g + a)
or
or
14.58 n
or
n = 14
u sin u
v cos
a=g
+ u cos
v2 = u2 + 2as
(v sin )2 = (u sin )2 + 2 ( g) h
v sin = u2 sin2 2 gh
= (20)2 (sin2 60 )2 2 10 5
3
= 400 100
4
= 10 2
v cos = u cos = 20 cos 60 = 10
v sin 10 2
=
v cos
10
Laws of Motion |
tan = 2
= tan 1 2
Option (c) is correct.
35. Acceleration
of block B will be g
throughout its motion while that of block
A will increase from 0 to g and as such
t A < tB
Option (b) is correct.
vertical
= 0.5f1
97
= 0.25f2
f1
2 m/s
f2
= 1 ms 2
a A = 1 ms 2
2 m/s
Thus,
Velocity of block B
= Velocity of lift + Velocity of winding of
string on shaft + Velocity of moving down
of shaft
q= 2 m/s + 2 m/s + 2
m/s
= 6 m/s.
Option (d) is correct.
39. F = F cos
F'
20 m/s
N
O
R/5
F''
F''
= 2F cos
= 2F cos (90 )
= 2F sin
F
= 2
sin
cos
5
4
98 | Mechanics-1
= 2F tan
= 2( ma ) tan
5 4
= 2 03. = 2 N
2 3
aA (new)
15 j
bi
15 i
Let acceleration of B = b ^i
2v
37
A
v
= 2 10
4
5
= 16 m/s
Option (d) is correct.
41. As
T T
fC
fB
= 45
B
2F
A
N sin
N sin
= 3F
Option (d) is correct.
a A = |5 ^i + 15 ^j|
15 j
Acceleration of B = 5 ^i
42.
45 + 3 b = 60
3 b = 15
b= 5
fAT T
or
or
or
15 i
x
B
= 37
A
3
tan = tan 37=
4
Laws of Motion |
2
x + y = r (where r = OB)
dx
dy
2
+2
=0
dt
dt
dx
dy
=
dt
dt
(i)
l1
99
l2
2T
2T
M1
= ( u) = + u
=u
Speed of bead B
2
dx
dy
= +
dt
dt
2
M3g
M2 g
M1 gl1 = 2Tl2
2M1M 3
M1 gl1 = 2
g l2
M2 + M 3
= (u) + ( u)
or
=u 2
M2
M2
3 3l
M1l1 = 4
1
M2 + M2
3
M1
=3
M2
or
47. fmax = k N 2
ma
ma sin
N2
mg sin
fm
mg cos
ax
Trongh
= 45
f = frictional force
N = ma sin + mg cos
ma cos = fmax + mg sin
or
ma cos = N + mg sin
or
or
a = ( a + g) + g
or
a (1 ) = (1 + ) g
1+
a=
g
1
i.e.,
Block
N = mg cos
NN
= k 2 mg cos
ma = mg sin 2 k mg cos
i.e., a = g (sin 2 k cos )
Option (c) is correct.
48. f1 (max) = 0.5 3 10
= 15 N
f2 (max) = 0.3 (3 + 2) 10
= 15 N
F
3kg
f1
f1
2kg
f2
f2
1 kg
B
f3
rotate
f3 (max) = 0.1 (3 + 2 + 1) 10
=6N
100 | Mechanics-1
Value of maximum frictional force is
between block 1 kg and the ground.
Increasing from zero when F attains 6 N,
the block of mass 1 kg will be at the point
of slipping over ground below it.
Option (c) is correct.
49. f2 (max) = ( m1 + m2 ) g
m1
1
f1
m2
f2
f1
F (= 30N)
4
3 1
= mg
2
3 3 2
mg
=
6
Option (b) is correct.
51. s = 2 k
F
2
s
mg
= 0.5 (1 + 2) 10
= 15 N
aS = Acceleration of both as one
a A = Acceleration of A
f1 (max) = 1m1 g = 0.2 1 10
= 2N
F f2 (max) 30 15
aS =
=
= 5 m/s2
m1 + m2
3
m g
a A = 1 1 = 1 g = 0.2 10 = 2 m/s2
m1
As,
F > f2 (max.)
both will move.
Further, as aS > a A both will
accelerate as one unit.
F 2 ( m1 + m2 ) g 1m1 g
aB =
m2
2s
2.1
2
=
= s
a AB
9/2 3
Required time t =
in
SN
= 30
Force required
downwards
a=
to
0
in
gs
m
2
just
slide
F
KN
= 30
not
Acceleration of A w.r.t. B
a AB = a A AB
f _ 2 ( m1 + m2 ) g 1m1 g
= 1 g
m2
1m2 g F + 2 ( m1 + m2 ) g + 1m1 g
=
m2
F ( 1 + 2 ) ( m1 + m2 ) g
=
m2
30 (0.2 + 0.5) (1 + 2) 10
=
2
9
2
= m/s
2
Negative sign indicates that the direction
of a AB will be opposite to that of a A .
F = s N mg sin
= s mg cos mg sin
F = mg sin k N
= mg sin kmg cos
Thus, s mg cos mg sin
= mg sin kmg cos
( s + k) mg cos = 2mg sin
+ s = 2 tan
s
2
3
2
4
s =
s =
2
3
3 3
Option (a) is correct.
F + mg sin k mg cos
52. a =
m
mg mg
2
3
+
mg
2
3 3
2
= 6
m
g
=
3
Option (d) is correct.
block
Laws of Motion |
53. Minimum force required to start the
motion upward
= mg sin + k mg cos
1
4
3
= mg +
2 3 3 2
7
= mg
6
02 = v2max 2a s2
v2
s2 = max
2a
v2max 1 1
s1 + s2 =
+
2 a a
v2 8 6
25 = max +
2 g g
2
3
3
2
5
= mg
6
(5.22)2
55. S1 =
= 14.3 m
9.8
2
vmax =
50 9.8
= 5.92 ms 1
14
8
= 906.67 N
15
= 0.4
T
= 0.2
mg
101
sin
si
mg
f2
f1
15
= 300 N
17
15
f2 (max) = 0.4 170 10
17
= 600 N
f1 (max) = 0.2 170 10
17
T' = 1000g
a'
Speed
= vmax
T = 1350g
15
25 m
1200 g
1200 g
1350 g 1200 g
1200
g
=
8
a=
Stops
v2max = 02 + 2as1
v2
s1 = max
2a
and mg sin + T = ma
(i)
(ii)
102 | Mechanics-1
More than One Correct Options
1. (a) Normal force between A and B = m2 g
F
2N
T
2N
i.e.,
T =3N
Option (d) is correct.
2. At point A
T T
= 1 10 = 10 N
Force of limiting friction by B on A (or by
A on B)
= 10 = 2 N
T1
T1
A
T2
(i)
T2
B F
mg
(i)
T1 cos = T2 cos + mg
and T1 sin = T2 sin
(ii)
At point B
T2 cos = mg
(iii)
T2 sin = F mg
(iv)
(ii)
=
mg
(v)
2 tan = tan
Option (a) is correct.
For F > 4 N
or
a>0
T 2> 0
i.e.,
T > 2N
Option (b) is incorrect.
(c) Block A will move over B only when
F > 4 N and then the frictional force
between the blocks will be 2 N if a is just 0
[as explained in (b)].
Option (c) is correct.
(d) If F = 6 N using Eq. (ii)
2a = 6 4
a = 1 m/s 2
(vii)
2
1
tan = 1
1
cos =
= sin
2
Laws of Motion |
2T1 = 5T2
Option (c) is correct.
3. Displacement of block in 4 s
v (ms1)
t (s)
= 0.1
Option (a) is correct.
Option (b) is incorrect.
Acceleration, a = tan
= tan ( )
= tan
= 1 m/s 2
If half rough retardation = 0.5 m/s2
1
16 = 4 t + ( 0.5) t2
2
2
i.e.,
t 16t + 64 = 0
or
t=8s
Option (d) is correct.
Option (c) is incorrect.
4. Let acceleration of wedge ( A) = a
ma sin N F = mg cos
ma (Pseudo
force)
N sin F
103
mg
N + ma sin = mg cos
N = mg cos ma sin
Acceleration of
N sin
a=
M
or Ma = ( mg cos ma sin ) sin
aB = a cos + g sin
Thus, ( aB ) V = ( a cos + g sin ) cos
= a cos2 + g sin cos
1
= ( a + g)
2
3g
1
=
+ g
20
2
23 g
=
40
( aB ) H = ( a cos + g sin ) sin a
23 g 3 g
=
40
20
17 g
=
40
5. f1 (max.) = 1m A g
T(pull) = 125 N
f1
f1
B
f2
= 0.3 60 10
= 180 N
Fnet on B = f1 (max.) + T
= 180 + 125
= 305 N
A will remain stationary as
T < f1 (max.)
f1 = 125 N
Force of friction acting between A and
B = 125 N
Options (c) and (d) are incorrect.
104 | Mechanics-1
(a)
f2 (max) = 2 ( m A + mB ) g
7.5 N
17.5 N
F
= 200 N
T
17.5 N
250 200
40 + 60
9. N sin = ma = 1 5 = 5
N cos = mg = 1 10 = 10
T = 17.5 + 7.5 = 25 N
F = T + 37.5 + 17.5 = 80 N
(c) T 7.5 17.5 = 4 a
F T 37.5 17.5 = 8 a
F = 200 N
Solving these equations we get,
a = 10 m/s 2
m
a
N = mg cos ma sin
Option (c) is correct and option (d) is
incorrect.
As angle between the directions of a and
g sin will be less than 90, acceleration of
block A will be more than g sin .
A
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
= 0.5 m/s 2
ma
37.5 N
Laws of Motion |
(c) At t = 10 s, F = 10 N and f = 6 N
10 6
a=
= 2 m/s2
2
(d) Block will start at 6 s. After that,
net impulse
1
= 4 (6 + 10) + 2 10 6 6
2
= 16 N-s = mv
16
v=
= 8 m/s.
2
13. fmax = 0.4 2 10 = 8 N
(b) At t = 3 s, F = 6 N
Common acceleration
6
a = = 1 m/s 2
6
Pseudo force on 2 kg
=21=2 N
105
(backward)
14. N = Mg F sin
F cos = N = ( Mg F sin )
Mg
F=
cos + sin
For F to be minimum,
dF
=0
d
At t = 4 s, F = 8 N
Fmax = 8
i.e.,
s mg = 8
8
8
s =
=
= 0.4
mg 2 10
(a) (r)
At t = 4 s,
a = 1 ms 2
t = 4 s,
F =8N
F k N = ma
F ma F ma
i.e., k =
=
N
mg
8 (2 1)
=
= 0.3
2 10
(b) = (q)
At t = 01
. s, F = 0 . 2 N
Force of friction (at t = 01
. s) = 0.2 N
(c) (p)
At t = 8 s,
F = 16 N
F kmg
a=
m
16 (0.3 2 10)
=
=5
2
a
i.e.,
= 0.5
10
(d) (s).
2. At = 0, dragging force = 0
Force of force = 0
(a) (s)
At = 90
Normal force on block by plane will be
zero.
Force of friction = 0
(b) (s)
At = 30
Angle of repose = tan 1
= tan 1(1) = 45
As < angle of repose, the block will not
slip and thus,
force of friction = mg sin
= 2 10 sin 30 = 10 N
(c) (p)
At = 60
As > angle of repose
Block will accelerate and thus force of
friction = N
= 1 2 10 cos 60
= 10 N
(d) (p).
3. All contact forces (e.g., force of friction and
106 | Mechanics-1
Nuclear force is the force between
nucleons (neutrons and protons). Between
two protons field force also acts.
4. (a) N R 10 = 2 ( + 5)
T
T=F
C
A
5 m/s2
F = 10N
+ ive
(a) (p)
10 N
NR
N R = 20 N
(a) (f)
(b) mg ( = 20 N) > F ( = 15 N)
(c) (q).
(d) As block A is stationary
T = F (as shown in figure)
= 10 N
f
NR
20 N
(a) (p).
6. If friction force ( f ) is less than the applied
F (= 15 N)
force ( F ).
mg
F
fmax = 8 N
Laws of Motion |
7. (a) Normal force between A and B = m A g
f1( R)
B
3 kg
f2
C
F
2
5 kg
f2(R)
= 0.2 2 10
=4N
Normal force between B and C
= ( m A + mB ) g
f2 (max) = 2 ( m A + mB ) g
= 0.1 (2 + 3) 10
=5N
Total friction force on 3 kg block
= f1 (max) + f2 (max) = 4 + 5
= 9 N towards left
(a) (q), (s)
(b) Friction force on 5 kg block
= f2 ( R) = f2 (max)
= 5 N, towards right
(b) (p), (s)
(c) Friction force on 2 kg block due to 3 kg
block = f1( R)
= f1 (max)
= 4 N, towards right
(c) (p), (s)
107
2 kg
s
mg
in
30
T
=
3
2
30
T
T T
B
3kg
3
2
3
= 40.89
2
Now as, angle of incline (30 ) < angle
repose (= 40.89 )
The block A and so also B will remain
stationary.
(a) (r),
(b) (r)
(c) Tension ( T) in the string connecting
2 kg mass = mg sin 30
1
= 2 10
2
= 10 N
(c) ( s)
(d) Friction force on 2 kg mass = zero.
(d) (r).
Angle of repose = tan 1
1. Work done by F = F x
2. Work done by F = F l
|F|= F ,|N|= N, |W |= W
|F| = F, |N| = N
|W| = W, |T| = T
|l| = l
=Fl
=Fx
= |N||x| cos
=0
Work done by T = T x
= |T||x|cos 0
=Tx
= |W || l | cos +
2
Work done by W = W x
=0
2
Work done by |W |= W l
= |W ||
x| cos
= |N||
l | cos
=0
Work done by N = N l
= |F||
l | cos
= |F ||x| cos
= W l sin
= |T|| l |cos
= T l cos
4
2
2
F
F
or
W
=4
2
2
5F
or
=W
2
2
2
or
F=
W =
mg
5
5
g
4
3. W T = m
g
a=4
W = mg
2
1
mgs
=
mg s
=
2
5
5
1.8 10 2
=
5
= 7.2 J
|g|= g and | l |= l
|T|= m g
mg
4
3
mg
4
= |N||s|cos
= Ns
= F cos 45 s
= 7.2 J
= |T|| l |cos
3
= m g l cos
4
3
= mgl
4
F sin 45
N
= |g||
s | cos
2
=0
(i)
N = F cos 45
4.
= |F||s |cos 45 = F s
5.
F = mg sin 45
2ms1
45
F cos 45
mg sin 45
mg cos 45
45
N = |N|, W = |W |
= 1 10
s = |s |, F = |F|, g = |g|
N + F sin 45 = W
109
(ii)
1
2
=5 2N
Displacement of lift in 1s = 2 m
1
2
110 | Mechanics-1
= |F||s |cos 45
= F s cos 45 = 5 2 2
10
1
= 10 Nm
2
4
A2
A3
A4
2
A1
x (m)
m
10
x0
m
= A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
2 10 2 10
=
+
+ [10 2]
2
2
2 10
+
2
= 30 Nm
20 ms
2s
= 10 ms 2
fP
F = ma = 2 kg 10 ms = 20 N
s = Area under curve
1
= 25 20 ms 1
2
= 20 m
Work done = F s = ( 20 N) (20 m )
= 400 Nm
A
Q
m
a
Acceleration of P = a
Force on P = ma
v= x
dv
1 dx
a=
=
dt
2 x dt
1
2
=
x=
2 x
2
2
F = ma = m
2
m2
W =
b
2
111
4. K = Work done by F
or
1
x
mv20 = A
2
2
m
x = v0
A
4m
5g
= 80 4 cos 0 + 5 g 4 cos
= 320 + ( 200)
K f K i = 120 J
(as K i = 0)
K f = 120 J
or
or
ma = mg
mg
R sin
mg
R
mg
O
Hand
Mg
Ans. False
(b) As some negative work will be done by
Mg, the work done by T will be more
that 40 J.
Ans. False
1
mv2 = mgR (1 cos ) + mgR sin
2
v = 2 gR (1 cos + sin )
6. K = W
or
1
mv20 =
2
0 Ax dx
1. In Fig. 1
T
A
mAg
B m
Ground
T
T
B m
Ground
mg
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
mAg x = k x2
2
Now, for the block B to just leave contact
with ground
kx = mg
i.e.,
2m A g = mg
m
mA =
2
112 | Mechanics-1
1
1
mv2C = 500 00924
.
2
2
500
or
vc =
0.0924 = 2.15 m s 1
100
m
4. Work done by man =
gh + Mgh
2
m
= + M gh
2
l
2
1
l
mv2 = mg
2
2
v= gl
or
2. Decrease in PE = mg
i.e.,
3. OA = 50 cm
C 20 cm B 40 cm
A
30 cm
37
T
KE of collar at C
= PE of spring PE of spring
(Collar at A)
(Collar at C)
1
= 500 [(0.4)2 (026
. )2 ]
2
mg sin 37
T
T
(collar at B)
1
K [(0.4)2 (0.2)2 ]
2
1
1
or
mv2B = 500 12
m
2
500 012
.
or
vB =
= 2.45 s 1
10
mg cos 37
37
mg
1 2
kx
2
or
kx = 2Mg
For the block of man m to just slide
k x = mg sin 37 + mg cos 37
3 3
4
or
2Mg = mg + mg
5 4
5
3
or
M= m
5
Mgx =
v = g t = 10 2 = 20 ms
Power = Force velocity
= mgv = 1 10 20 = 200 W
2. Velocity at time = a t =
Ft
(acceleration being constant)
2m
F2 t
= F vav =
2m
vav =
Pav
F
t
m
mv2 = Pt
2
2 Pt
or
v=
m
ds
2 P 1/ 2
or
=
t
dt
m
2P
1/ 2
or
ds = m t dt
2 P t 3/ 2
or
s=
+c
m 3/2
At t = 0, s = 0, c = 0
8 P 3/ 2
Thus,
s=
t
9m
4. P = 2 t
KE = P dt = 2t dt
= t2 + c
113
As at t = 0, KE = 0, c = 0
KE = t2
1
2
i.e., mv2 = t2 or v =
t
m
2
2.0 + 2 t
Pav =
=t
2
5. U = 20 + ( x 2)2
PE( = U) is minimum at x = 2.
Equilibrium position is at x = 2 m
dU
= 2 ( x 2)
dx
d2U
=2
dx2
Equilibrium is stable.
6. F = x 4
For equilibrium, F = 0
i.e.,
x 4=0
i.e.,
x=4m
dU
As, F =
dx
dU
= ( x 4)
dx
d2U
= 1
dx2
Thus, equilibrium is unstable.
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level I)
(a) Work done by a constant force
3. m1 g T = m1a
(i)
T m2 g = m2 a
(ii)
2. r21 = r2 r1
^
= (2 ^i + 3 ^j 4 k) (1 ^i + 4 ^j + 6 k)
^
= i j 10 k
= (6 ^i 2 ^j + k) ( ^i ^j 10 k)
= 6 + 2 10 = 2 Nm
and m2 = 1 kg
T
a
3
= g
T
5
1
s = ut + at2
2
T
a
T
m2g
m1g
114 | Mechanics-1
=
1 3 2
g 2
2 5
= 2 10 2 sin 60
= 20 3 Nm
= 34.6 Nm
Work done by force of friction
= f s cos
= Ns cos
= ( mg cos ) s
1
= (2 10 cos 60 ) 2
2
= 10 Nm
= 12 m
Work done by gravity on 4 kg block
= 4 g 12 cos 0
= 480 Nm
Solving Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii),
2 m1m2
T=
g
m1 + m2
4
=2 g
5
= 16 N
Work done by string on 1 kg block
= 16 12 cos 0
= 192 Nm
F dx
x = 4
=
2x dx
x=2
6.
x= 4
x2
= 2
2 x = 2
F = 16 N
= [( 4)2 (2)2 ]
= 12 Nm
45
W =
F dx
x=2 4
=
dx
x = 4 x2
7.
s = 2.2 m
mg
x=2
x =4
4x 2 dx
x=2
x 2 + 1
= 4
2 + 1 x = 4
1
= 16 2 2
2
= 24.9 Nm
Work done by normal force
= N s cos 90 = 0
Work done by force of gravity
= mgs cos 90 = 0
Total work done on the block
= 24.9 + 0 + 0
= 24.9 Nm
x=2
1
= 4
x x = 4
1 1
= 4 = 1 Nm
2 4
(c) Work done by area under F- x graph
8. (a) W = 3 (5 10) = 15 Nm
Fx(N)
f=
3
N
x(m)
s
mg
= 60
10
12
(b) W = 3 (1 0 5) = + 15 Nm
14
16
minimum PE = ( 4 4) 16
= 16J
Now,
(KE) max + (PE) min =
mechanical energy
or
(KE) max + ( 16) = 4
or
(KE) max = 12 J
(c) PE max = KE max = 12 J
Fx(N)
PEmax
2
x(m)
O
115
= 4 Nm
(b) W = 0 Nm
1
(c) W = (6 4) ( 1 0) = 1 Nm
2
(d) W = 4 Nm + 0 Nm + ( 1) Nm
= 3 Nm.
Conservative force field and Potential
Energy.
d
10.
F=
U
dr
d
=
Ar1
dr
A
= ( ) ( A ) r 1 1 = 2
r
11. U = ( x 4)2 16
PE (at x = 6.0 m)
= (6 4)2 16 = 12 J
KE (at x = 6.0 m) = 8 J
(a) Total mechanical energy
= ( 12) + (8) = 4 J
(b) KE will be maximum where, PE, is
minimum.
For U to be minimum,
dU
=0
dx
d
i.e.,
[( x 4)2 16] = 0
dx
or
2 ( x 4) = 0
or
x=4m
PEmax
Total
x=4
KEmax
U = ( x 4)2 16
or
12 = ( x 4)2 16
or
x2 8 x 12 = 0
x= 4+2 3
and
= 42 3
(d) U = ( x 4)2 16
dU
= 2 ( x 4)
dx
dU
Fx =
= 2 ( x 4)
dx
or
Fx = 8 2x
(e) Fx = 0
i.e.,
8 2x = 0
or
x=4m
Kinetic energy and Work-energy theorem
p2
12. K =
2m
2
p + p
K =
2m
(K is the KE when momentum p is
increased by 50%)
9 p2
or
K =
4 2m
9
or
K = K
4
9
5
or
K K = K K = K
4
4
K K 5
=
K
4
5
= 100% = 125 %
4
116 | Mechanics-1
13. p = (2 mK )1/ 2
p = [2m ( K + 1% of K ) ]1/ 2
( p is the momentum when KE i.e., K is
increased by 1%)
1
= [2 mK (1 + 1%) ]2
1
= (2 mK )1/ 2 1 +
100
1/ 2
1/ 2
1
p = p 1 +
100
1
1
= p 1 +
2 100
1
= p 1 + %
2
1
p = p + % of p
2
Increase in momentum = 0.5 %.
i.e.,
102
= 2.5 ms 2
2 20
Now, mg F = ma
F = m ( g a)
= 5 (10 2.5)
= 37.5 N
Work done by push of air
= F s cos
= (37.5 20)
= 750 Nm
F (Push of air)
a
mg
17. (a) W =
F dx
2
= (2.5 x2 ) dx
0
2
x3
= 2.5x
2 0
23
= (2.5 2)
3
= 2.33 Nm
(1 Nm = 1 J)
K = 2.33 J
i.e., KE (at x = 2) KE (at x = 0) = 2.33 J
KE (at x = 2) = 2.33 J
(b) Position of maximum KE
F = 2.5 x2
F decreases as x increases and F is zero
when x = 2.5 m
Thus, work will be +ive from x = 0 to
x = 2.5 m an so KE will be maximum at
x = 2.5 m.
KE (at x = 2.5 m)
ds
= 4t 2
dt
d2 s
= 4 ms 2
dt2
d2 s
F=m 2
dt
= 2 4= 8 N
s (at t = 0 s) = 10 m
s (at t = 2 s) = 2.22 2.2 + 10 = 14 m
s = 14 m 10 m = 4 m
Work = F s
=8N 4m
= 32 Nm
v2 (0.4)2 0.16
15. a =
=
=
= 0.04 m s 2
2s 2 2
4
T
mg T
=a
m
i.e.,
T = m( g a)
= 30 (10 0.04)
= 298.8 N
Work done by chain = T s cos
= (298.8 2) Nm
= 597.6 Nm
16. a =
2.5
(2.5 x2 ) dx
x3
= 2.5x
3 0
2.5
2.5 2.5
= 2.5 2.5
2
= 2.5 2.5
3
= 2.635 J
F mg
m
g
F
=
g
10 m
11
F=
mg
10
or
or
T
F
F
mg
v=
= 5.42 ms 1
72
19.
and
(i)
(ii)
T = m2 a
m1 g T = m1a
a
m2
a
50 (N)
T'
A
300 (N)
or
and
i.e.,
T 50 = 5a
T = 2T
T
T=
2
(iii)
300 T = 30a
(iv)
a = 5 ms 2
1m
(ii)
T 100 = 10a
300
300 T =
a
10
m1g
(i)
i.e.,
a
T'
Also,
T
T
or
T
117
118 | Mechanics-1
1
mv2s
2
1
( mg cos ) R ( cos ) + mgR = mv2s
2
1
2
2
or
mvs = mgR (1 cos )
2
1 10 1 = k 4 10 2 +
or
1
1 (0.3)2
2
10 = 80 k + 0.045
10 0.045
k =
= 0.124
80
or
s(
say
)
s/2
mg
30
2R
Stops
f'
0.50 m
T
T
T
2T
2T
or
= 2 gR sin
or
vs = 2 gR sin
(vs is the speed with which sphere hits
ground)
1
1
mv2w = mgR mv2s
2
2
1
= mgR m 2 gR sin2
2
= mgR (1 sin2 ) = mgR cos2
vw = 2 gR cos
(vw is the speed of wedge when the sphere
hits ground)
s=
0.5 cos 30
0.15 0.5
=
= 0.2027 m
3
0.5 0.15
2
Work performed by frictional forces over
the whole distance
s
50
0.2027
= mg =
10
2
1000
2
= 0.051 J
co
s
mAg cos
Ag
v2s
B
mBg
or 300
3
4
0.2 300 2 T = 30a
5
5
block
= mgs
= 0.25 3.5 9.8 7.8
= 66.88 J
Increase in thermal energy of block-floor
system
= 66.88 J
As the block stopped after traversing
7.8 m on rough floor the maximum kinetic
energy of the block would be 66.88 J (just
before entering the rough surface).
Maximum PE of spring
= Maximum KE of block
1 2
kxmax = 66.88
2
2 66 . 88
m
xmax =
640
Maximum compression in the spring
= 0.457 m
27. Decrease in PE of mass m2 = Work done
m1
m2 = 5 kg
119
1
1
m2 g 4 = m1 g 4 + m1v2 + m2v22
2
2
1
5 10 4 = 0.2 10 10 4 + (10 + 5) v2
2
Solving,
v = 4 ms 1
Point
dU
dr
+ ive
ive
+ ive
ive
ive
+ ive
ive
+ ive
zero
zero
d x3
i.e.,
4 x + 6 = 0
dx 3
x2 4 = 0
x= 2
d2U
d 4
=
( x 4) = 2x
dx
dx2
At x = + 2 m,
d2U
= 2 ( + 2) = + 4
dx2
U is minium.
At x = 2 m,
d2U
= 2 ( 2) = 4
dx2
U is maximum.
x = + 2 m point of stable equilibrium.
x = 2 m point of unstable equilibrium.
or
or
120 | Mechanics-1
30. F =
dU
dx
i.e.,
U = F dx
= (Area under F - x graph)
The corresponding U Vs x graph will be as
shown in figure
F'
F'
+q
E
+q
Fnet
B
( a, 0, 0)
Velocity at t = 2 s is 8 ms 1 (using
v = 0 + at)
vav = 4 m s 1 (as acceleration is constant)
Pav = F vav
= ma vav
= 1 4 4 = 16 W
(b) Velocity at t = 4 s is 16 ms 1 (using
v = u + at)
Instantaneous power of the net force at
t = 4 s will be
P = mav
= 1 4 16
= 64 W
31. q
y
q
+q
B
( a, 0, 0)
+q
F
A
(+ a, 0, 0)
Fmin = (r)
Fmax
r
Initially
+q
Finally
P = r vmax
F1 > F2
vmax
vmax =
P
r
1
mv2
2
m is always +ive and v2 is +ive.
(even if v is ive).
KE is always + ive.
1. In KE =
4. W = F r21
= F ( r2 r1)
^
= ( ^i + 2 ^j + 3 k) [( ^i ^j + 2 k) ( ^i + ^j + k)]
^
= ( ^i + 2 ^j + 3 k) ( 2 ^j + k)
= 4+3
= 1J
Correct option is (b).
5. W =
F dx
=
t =2
t = 0 4 t
dt
t4
= 4
4 0
0 7 2x + 3 x dx
= [7 x x2 + x 3 ] 50 = 135 J
Correct option is (d).
= 16 J
Correct option is (c).
10. Range = 4 height
6. P = F v
= (10 i + 10 j + 20 k) (5 i 3 j + 6 k)
or
u2 sin 2
u2 sin2
= 4
g
2g
= 50 30 + 120
or
sin 2 = 2 sin2
= 140 W
or
or
2
= 15 J
Correct option is (b).
1
mgh + mv2
W
2
8. P =
=
t
t
800 kg 10 ms 2 10 m +
1
800 kg (20 ms 1)2
2
=
1 min
=
121
80000 + 160000
=
60
= 4000 W
Option (c) is correct.
t3
9. x =
3
dx
v=
= t2
dt
dv
and
a=
= 2t
dt
F = ma = 2 2 t = 4 t
W = F v = 4 t t2 = 4 t 3
Work done by force in first two seconds
or
or
tan = 1
i.e.,
= 45
mu = 2 K
2
i.e., Initial KE = 2K
Correct option is (b).
122 | Mechanics-1
11. P = 3 t2 2t + 1
dW
= 3 t2 2t + 1
dt
dW = (3 t2 2 t + 1) dt
i.e.,
W =
2 (3 t
2t + 1) dt
4
t 3 2t2
= 3
+ t
2
3
2
= [ t 3 t2 + t ] 42
= ( 4 3 42 + 4) (23 22 + 2)
= 52 6
= 46
K = 46 J
Correct option is (b).
1
12. K i = 10 102 = 500 J
2
Work done by retarding force,
or
W =
30
20 0.1 x dx
30
x2
= 0.1
2 20
1
1
m12v2 : m6v2
2
2
[Acceleration being same (equal to g) both
will have same velocities]
= m12 : m6
= 12 : 6
= 2 :1
1
2
14. W = k [ x2 x12 ]
2
10 2 5 2
1
= 5 103
100
2
100
5 103
=
(100 25) = 18.75 Nm
2 104
=
dU
6
=
=4
dx
1.5
F =+4N
x = 3.5 m to 4.5 m
dU 2
= =2
dx 1
F = 2N
x = 4.5 m to 5.0 m
dU
=0
dx
F =0N
Work done = ( 4 1.5) + ( 2 1) + 0
=4J
1
2
mv = 4
2
1
or
1 v2 = 4
2
v = 2 2 ms 1
16. KE at highest point
1
m (u cos 45 )2
2
2
1
1
= mu2
2
2
1 1
= mu2
2 2
E
=
2
Correct option is (a).
=
= mg + ( Mgh)
m
= M + gh
2
Correct option is (a).
1
18.
mv2 = Fx
2
1
mv 2 = Fx
2
x v 2 (2 v)2
= 2 = 2 = 4 x = 4 x
x
v
v
Correct option is (b).
(i)
(ii)
At an altitude h
(vertical velocity)2 = (v0 sin )2 + 2 ( g) h
(horizontal velocity)2 = (v0 cos )2
(Net velocity)2 = v20 2 gh
Net velocity = v20 2 gh
t02
21.
v = 0 + at
F
= at =
t
m
Instantaneous power,
P = Fv
F
=F
t
m
F3
or
P=
t
m
or
P = constant t.
Correct option is (b).
t0
Fig. 1
123
Using,
i.e.,
v = u + at
v = ( gt0 ) + ( + g) ( t t0 )
v = g ( t 2t0 )
1
KE = mg2 ( t 2t0 )2
2
K = ( t 2t0 )2
K
t02
u=0
+
a=+g
t0
2t0
Fig. 2
v = gt0
where,
v = u + at
v = 0 + gt
v = gt.
1
1
KE = mv2 = mg2 t2
2
2
K = t2
1
= mg2 = constant.
2
= 1000 kgm 3
vg
vg
( )g
124 | Mechanics-1
1
=
3
i.e.,
3 y + x = 5
y
x
+
=1
5/3 5/
=4
Correct option is (d).
Work done = F s
tan =
= v ( ) gs
= v ( ) 10 3
5
= ( ) 10 3
(Qv = 5)
= 5 1 10 3
= 5 1
1
10 3 = 100 J
3
k x = mgx sin
2
2mg sin
x=
k
Correct option is (a).
s = 2 t2 ^i 5 ^j
ds = 4 t ^i dt
2k'
k'
l/3
(a)
2l/3
(b)
Force Constant
28.
W = F ds
1
k ( x)2
2
W ( a) > W ( b)
W ( b) =
Given
Straight line along which
work is zero.
F = 20i + 15j
5/3
29.
0 12 t
dt
= [ 4 t 3 ] 20
= 32 J
Correct option is (b).
or
0 (3 t i + 5 j) 4 t i dt
t3
= 12
3 0
W = mgh + mgd
= mg ( h + d)
Fav d = mg ( h + d)
h
Fav = mg 1 +
125
kB
d
2kA = 2kB
F
F
F
A
F
1
kA
2
kA
B
2
i.e.,
F
2kA
or
Energy stored in B =
F2
2kB
F2
4 kA
=
(Q kB = 2 kA )
(i)
(ii)
n=8
Correct option is (d).
1
1
33. mgh = mv2 + kx2
2
2
k 2
2
i.e.,
v = 2 gh
h
m
or
v = 0.866 m s 1
Correct option is (b).
= 2 10 0.15
100 22
= 4 m.
2 10 10 sin 30
E
1 F2
=
=
2 2kA 2
= Increase in PE of spring
1
mgd sin = kx2
2
kx2
d=
2mg sin
zero).
38. Acceleration =
10
(0.15)2
0.1
(0 20) ms 1
(10 0) s
= 2 ms 2
Therefore, net force on particle
= 2 kg 2 m s 2
=4N
i.e., the net force on the particle is opposite
to the direction of motion.
Correct option is (a).
126 | Mechanics-1
Net work done = F s
= F (Area under v-t graph)
1
= 4 20 10 = 400 J
2
=8
1
mv2 = mgh
2
KE just after bounce = 80% of mgh
When the ball attains maxmum height
after bounce
Gain in PE = mgh = Loss of KE
or
mgh = 80% of mgh
or
h = 80% of h = 80 % of 10 m
=8m
KE just before bounce =
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
4. In circular motion only the work done by
1. P = Fv
S'
mg (a conservative force)
h
S'
S
D
mg
W = mgh
If PE at A is zero.
The PE at B would be mgh.
Correct option is (d).
W AB = F s = F s cos
Similarly, W AC = F s
= F s cos (90 + )
= F s sin
WCD = F s = F s cos
WDB = F s cos(90 )
= F s sin
W AC + WCD + WDB = F s cos = W AB
Work done by a constant force is path
independent. thus, Assertion is true.
The Reason is false. Kinetic frictional
force remains constant but is a
non-conservative force.
Correct option is (c).
127
N
B
elastic cord.
elastic
cord
Block
Plank
f2
f1
s
f1
f
128 | Mechanics-1
12. Decrease in KE =
1
mv2 0
2
v
Slope
f
Rough
Case-I
gh
s E=m
p
o
P
St
v'
30
f'
1
mv2
2
Change in mechanical energy
=
1
mv2
2
Decrease in ME is used up in doing work
against friction.
In this case the mechanical energy is
being used up in doing work against
friction and in increasing the PE of the
block.
1
Change ME = mv2 mgh
2
Thus, assertion is true.
As explained above the reason is false.
( does not change with the increase in
angle of inclination)
Correct option is (c).
PE + KE =
u=
m
= 200 = 14.14 ms 1
Correct option is (a).
2. P = Fv
= mav
dv dv ds
dv
dv
= m v v a =
=
=v
dx
dt ds dt
ds
m 2
ds =
v dv
p
m 2v 2
i.e., ds =
v dv
p v
2v
or
m v 3
s=
p 3 v
=
m
7 mv 3
[(2v) 3 (v) 3 ] =
3p
3p
1
k 22
2
1 1
or 10 10 ( d + 2) = 100 22
2 2
d = 2m
Let, v A = velocity of block when it just
touches spring
mg ( d + 2) sin 30 =
d
2m
m
30
1
mv2A = mgd sin 30
2
1
v2A = 10 2 2
2
v A = 20 ms 1
Correct option is (a).
129
a2 = 0
Correct option is (b).
6. Let x be the expansion in the spring.
kx
A
y dm
dm
kx
B
T T
T
M1g
CM
R 12
R (1 cos )
/2
R (1 cos )
m
R d
R/2
m
2R / 2
=
(1 cos ) d
0
2R
=
1
2
2
= R 1
Now,
or
1
mv2 + mg yCM
2
v2 = 2 g yCOM
2
v = 2 gR 1
A
mg
F (= mg)
mg
F
F = kx = mg
F = mg
B
mg (weight)
a1 = 2 g
Net force on B = 0
mg
(downward)
min =
M
Correct option is (c).
7. Ti = mg
2mg
KX i =
= mg
2
When one spring is cut. It means KX i
becomes zero. Downward acceleration,
KX i mg g
a=
=
=
2m
2m 2
Now drawing FBD of lower mass :
mg
mg Tf = m. a =
2
mg
Tf =
2
mg
or
T = Tf Ti =
2
mg sin mg cos
8. a =
m
= g sin g cos
For v to be maximum
x
a
dv
=0
os
mg sin
dx
gc
m
dv
or
v
=0
dx
130 | Mechanics-1
4 mg
x
Correct option is (c).
dx dv
=0
dt dx
dv
or
=0
dt
or
a=0
i.e., g sin = g cos
or
sin = cos
3 3
4
or
=
x
5 10 5
10
x=
= 2.5 m
4
Correct option is (d).
or
x=
= T v cos
T
v
|T|= T
m
and |v|= T
13. = 3 x + 4 y
y
3N
dU
is ive.
dr
dU
, the force between E and F
dr
will be + ive i.e., repulsive.
(b) At point C the potential energy is
minimum. Thus, C is point of stable
equilibrium.
Correct option is (c).
P (6m, 8m)
4N
Fnet = 5N
Now, F =
10. Power = F v
mg
mg
= m g ( u + g t)
= mg u cos (90 + ) + m g g t
P = mg u sin + mg2 t
i.e.,
[|u|= u,|g|= g]
6m
= 3N
x
and
Fy =
=4N
y
PR 5
=
PQ 4
5
PR = PQ = 10 m
4
Work done by the conservative force on
the particle
= Fnet PR = 5 N 10 m
= 50 Nm = 50 J
Correct option is (c).
Fx =
6b x
= 12a x
131
12
x
mg sin
i.e.,
mg cos
or
or
2a 6
x =
b
mg cos = mg sin
( 0 x) mg cos = mg sin
tan
x=
0
kx
l
l/2
mg
l
= kx l
2
mg
x=
2k
mg
i.e.,
k1x
k2x
1 2
kx
2
F = (k1 + k2)x
AC F = ( k2 x) l
( k x) l
AC = 2
F
( k2 x) l
=
( k1 + k2 ) x
k2
=
l
k1 + k2
1
= mv2
2
Work done by the force of friction
1
= mv2 mgh
2
1
= 1 22 (1 10 1)
2
= 8J
Correct
option
is (c).
a
b
18. U = 12 6
x
x
U = ax 12 bx 6
dU
=0
dx
b ( 6) x 7 = 0
a ( 12) x 13
1 mg
( mg)2
k
=
2 2k
8k
dU
= ax + bx2
dx
or
dU = ( ax bx2 ) dx
or
U = ( ax bx2 ) dx
ax2 bx 3
or
U=
+c
2
3
At x = 0, F = 0
U = 0
and so, c = 0
ax2 bx 3
Thus,
U=
2
3
ax2 bx 3
U = 0, when
=
2
3
3a
i.e., at x =
2b
132 | Mechanics-1
dU
= 0, when F = 0
dx
i.e.,
ax + bx2 = 0
a
i.e., at
x=
b
Graph between U and x will be
3a
2b
a
b
1 2
(i)
k xmax = mg ( h + xmax )
2
From above Eq. (i),
xmax depends upon h and also xmax
depends upon k.
KE of the block will be maximum when it
is just at the point of touching the plank
and at this moment there would no
compression in the spring.
Maximum KE of block = mgh
Correct option is (c).
chain
CM (i)
=
v2B 1
vA 2
=
vB 1
WA 1
=
WB 1
KA 1
=
KB 1
2r
r/2
r
CM (f)
23. Ui at (1, 1) = k (1 + 1) = 2k
U f at (2, 3) = k (2 + 3) = 5k
W = U f Ui
= 5k 2k = 3 k
Correct option is (b).
24. Gain in PE of spring = Loss of PE of block
v + 2 gr +
2
Correct option is (b).
xmax
PE = 0 level
for block
v=
mk
= 0.2 45 10
30. N = mg cos
N
= 53 20 m
kx
kx
10 ms1
1
= 20 N
10
Power of A = 20 4 = 80 W
Power of B = 20 6 = 120 W
Total power = 200 W
i.e., rate of energy transfer = 200 Js 1
Correct option is (c).
28. From O to x compression in the spring
A
m kx
kx
B
3m
+ ive
Average acceleration of A
kx F
aA =
2m
Average acceleration of B
kx
aB =
2 (3 m)
As at maximum compression of the spring
both the blocks would be having same
velocity.
2 a A x = 2 aB x [using v2 = u2 + 2as]
i.e.,
a A = aB
kx F
kx
=
2m
6m
kx
or
kx F =
3
2 kx
or
F=
3
3F
i.e.,
x=
2k
Correct option is (c).
s=|s|
6ms1
= 200
(50 30)
100
= 18 J
Correct option is (b).
133
= 37
= 10 10 cos 37
4
= 10 10
5
= 80 N
Work done by N in 2 s
= N cos
= 80 20 cos 53
3
= 80 20
5
= 960 Nm
= 960 J
Correct
option
is
(b).
T + mg
31.
(given)
=5
m
Upper spring
cut
Initially
Lower spring
cut
T = T' + mg
+ ive
T'
mg
T'
mg
T + m 10 = 5 m
i.e., T = 5 m
mg T
a=
m
mg ( T + mg)
=
m
T
=
m
mg
134 | Mechanics-1
( 5 m)
m
= 5 ms 2
Correct option is (b).
33. Total ME = 40 J
PE (max) = 40 J
U (x)
50 J
32. Total ME = 25 J
25
U (x)
10
50 J
PE (max)
10
15
PE (max)
PE (max)
6
PE (max)
x (m)
25
10
x (m)
35
10
15
1. (i) Acceleration
U = 7 x + 24 y
U
Fx =
= 7
x
U
Fy =
= 24
y
7
ax =
5
24
ay =
5
7 ^ 24 ^
a= i
j m/s2
5
5
i.e.,
i.e.,
v = 3i + 4j
7i
24 ^
7
= ( 8.6 ^i + 23.2 ^j ) + ^i
j 4
5
5
= 8.6 ^i + 23.2 ^j 5.6 ^i 10.2 ^j
= 3 ^i + 4 ^j
|v|= 5 ms 1
24j
2. U = 100 5x + 100x2
v=u+at
|a |= 5 ms 2
i.e.,
Fx =
=
(100 5x + 100x2 )
x
x
= [ 5 + 200 x ]
= 5 200 x
Fx 5 200 x
ax =
=
0.1
0.1
= 50 2000 x
(i) At 0.05 m from origin
x = + 0.05 m
ax = 50 2000 (0.05)
= 50 100
(first point)
= 50 m/s
= 50 m/s 2 towards ive x
Correct option is (a).
(ii) At 0.05 m from origin
(second point)
x = 0.05 m
ax = 50 2000( 0.05)
= 50 + 100
= 150 m/s 2
Correct option is (c).
Mean Position
50
m = 0.025 m
a = 0 at x =
2000
(iii) For point 0.05 m from mean position
x = (0.05 + 0.025) m
= 0.075 m
ax ( at x = 0.075 m ) = 50 2000 (0.075)
= 50 150 = 100 m/s 2
= 100 m/s 2 towards ve x-axis.
Correct option is (b).
(iv) For second point 0.05 m from mean
position
x = 0.025 m 0.05 m
= 0.025 m
ax = 50 2000 ( 0.025)
= 100 ms 2
Option (d) is incorrect.
3. (i) If the spring is compressed by x, elastic
1 2
kx gets stored
2
in the spring. Now, if the compressed
spring is released the energy stored in the
spring will be lost. When the spring
attains to natural length.
Work done by spring = Energy stored in
the spring
1
= kx2
2
Correct option is (a).
(ii) If the spring is extended by x, energy
1
stored in the spring would be kx2 . If the
2
extended spring is released the energy
stored in the spring will be lost when the
spring attains its natural length.
potential energy equal to
135
s
90
mg
h
mg
mg (a conservative force)
W = m gh
= mghcos
= mgh
(PE increases)
136 | Mechanics-1
W = m gh
= mghcos 0
= + mgh
(PE increases)
W = m g h = mghcos
=0
2
6. At maximum extension x :
k(l + )
3mg
3mg
kl = mg
l
of
B=
mg
Artist
to make
it 3/2 times
of l
kl
3mg
Uncomprssed/
Unstretched
spring
N = 3 mg + k ( l + )
2mg
= 3 mg + k l +
k
= 3 mg + kl + 2mg
= 3 mg + mg + 2mg
2mg
= 6mg for =
k
Correct option is (b).
N = kl + 3 mg
= mg + 3 mg = 4mg
Correct option is (c).
conservative force
= U1 U2
= ( 20) ( 10)
= 10 J
Option (a) is incorrect.
10.
137
as < 90
In motion 1 + ve
as < 90
N
2
mg
mg
[as = ]
In motion 1 zero[as = ]
2
Correct option is (a).
Match the Columns
1. As body is displaced from x = 4 m to
x =2m
s = 2im
(a) F = 4 ^i
W = F s = 4 ^i 2 ^i
= 8 unit
(a) (q)
and |W |= 8 unit
(a) (s)
mg
(b) F = 4 ^i 4 ^j
(b) (q)
(c) Work done by force of friction (f )
will be zero as f will be zero.
(c) (r)
(d) Work done by tension (T) will be + ive
as < 90
(d) (p)
W = F s = ( 4 i 4 j) ( 2 i) = 8 unit
(b) (q, s)
(c) F = 4 ^i
W = F s = 8 i unit
and
(c) (p, s)
|W|= 8 unit
(d) F = 4 ^i 4 ^j
W = F s
|W |= 8 unit
3.
+q
A
( a, 0)
FB
FA = FB
+Q
Fnet = 0
+q
B
(+ a, 0)
F A = force on + Q by + q placed at A
FB = force on + Q by + q placed at B
138 | Mechanics-1
As FA = FB
equilibrium.
(a)
charge
+Q
will
be
FA'
FB'
+q
in
+q
B
+Q
FA
+Q
+q
+q
(d)
x = y line
Fnet
4. (a) From A to B :
FA
kx
Mean
position
mg
1 2
kx
2
Decrease in gravitational. PE of block
= mgx
= ( kx) x = kx2
(a) (q)
(b) From A to B
Increase in KE of block
= Decrease in gravitational PE of block
Increase in spring PE
1 2
2
= kx kx
2
1 2
= kx < Decrease in gravitational PE of
2
block.
(b) (p)
(c) From B to C
1
1
Increase in spring PE = k (2x)2 kx2
2
2
3 2
= kx
2
1
Decrease in KE of block = kx2
2
(KE of block at C will be zero)
(c) (p).
(d) From B to C
decrease in gravitational PE = mgx
Increase in spring PE =
= ( kx) x
A
+q
= kx2
+q
Increase in spring PE =
(d) (p)
3 2
kx
2
T
a
T
a
T
m2
m1
1g
2g
1
g
3
10
=
m s 2
3
2 m1m2
T=
g
m1 + m2
12
=2
10
1+2
40
N
=
3
Displacement of blocks,
1
s = ut + at2
2
1 2
= at
2
1 10
=
(0.3)2
2 3
= 0.15 m
(a) Work done by gravity on 2 kg block
= mgs cos 0
= 2 10 0.15 (1)
=3J
(a) (r)
(b) Work done by gravity on 1 kg block
= mgs cos
= 1 10 0.15 ( 1)
= 1.5 J
(b) (p).
139
(w.r.t. ground)
f
f' (= f )
= f s cos
=fs
(a) (q).
(b) Work done by friction force on incline
(w.r.t. ground)
= f 0 cos 0
=0
[There being no displacement of incline
w.r.t. ground]
(b) (r).
(c) Work done by a man in lifting a bucket
(T = Tension in rope)
= Ts cos 0
= a + ive quantity
= 0 as T and s both would be in upward
direction.
(c) (p).
(d) Total work done by friction force in (a)
w.r.t. ground
= f s+0= f s
(d) (q).
Circular Motion
Introductory Exercise 7.1
v2
of acceleration = does not change
r
v2 (2 cms 1)2
=
r
1 cm
= 4 cms 2
(ii) Tangential acceleration (aT )
dv d
=
=
(2t)
dt dt
= 2 cms 2
= 2 5 cms 2
2r
T=
v
|PQ|
|v av|=
tPQ
=
r 2
r 2
=
T / 4 r / 2 v
2 2
v
v2
v1
r
O
|v av| 2 2
=
v
6. t = 0 + 4 t
Centripetal acceleration
= tangential acceleration
r 2t = r
2t =
( 4 t)2 = 4
1
t= s
2
Circular Motion |
141
(a) At rest :
Required CPF = w N =
= 35 ms
l
l
T sin T
T cos
mg
3. (a) T sin = mg
T cos = mr2
g
tan =
r 2
g
g
=
r tan
( l cos ) tan
or
2
=
T
l sin
g
T = 2
l sin
g
1
2
2
= 2
9.8
1
9.8
rve s 1
f = =
1
2
=
9.8
60 rev min 1
2
N=w
2
w'
w
w
2
mv2 w
=
r
2
(i)
At dip :
Required CPF = N w
mv2
(ii)
= N w
r
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii),
w
N w =
2
3w 3
N =
= 16 kN
2
2
= 24 kN
(b) At crest on increasing the speed (v), the
value of N will decrease and for
maximum value of v the of N will be just
zero.
mv2max
Thus,
= w0
r
wr
vmax =
m
(as w = mg)
= gr
= 10 250
= 50 ms 1
(c) At dip :
mv2
r
= w + mg
= 2w = 32 kN
N = w +
142 | Mechanics-1
m v12
mg
r
[where v1 = maximum speed of vehicle]
v1 gr
Case II. If the driver tries to stop the
vehicle by applying breaks.
Maximum retardation = g
v22 = 0 2 + 2 ( g) r
v2 = 2 gr
= 2 v1
As v2 > v1, driver should apply breaks to
stop the vehicle rather than taking turn.
g
l sin
sin = cos
g
=
l cos
g
cos =
l 2
replace by
1. |v1|= u
and |v2|=
v (say)
v = v2 + ( v1)
v1
v2
2R
C
v
L
g
v1
= v2 v1
v u = ( u 2 v 1 ) ( v 2 u 1 )
= u2 v2 + u1 v1 2 v2 v1
|v2 |2
0 2 = u2min + 2 ( g) (2R)
= 4 gR
Ball motion from C to A :
v2 = u2min + 2 ( g) h
= 4 gR 2 gh
v = 2 g (2R h)
u2min
+ |v1| = v + u
2
3. Decrease in KE of bob
= Increase in PE of bob
2
2
= u 2 gL + u
2
v0
KE of bob
= 1/2 mv02
PE of bob
= K (say)
Circular Motion |
143
v20
= 2 gh
v0 = 2 gl (1 cos )
= 2 9.8 5 (1 cos 60 )
= 7 ms 1
PE of bob = K + mgh
1
mv20 = mgh
2
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
1. v = 4 t2
dv
= 8t
dt
i.e.,
aT = 8 3 = 24 ms 2
v = 4 32 = 36 ms 1 (at t = 3 s)
v2 (36)2
= 24 ms 2
ac =
=
4
54
1 |a c|
tan
=
|a T|
tan 1 1 = 45
2. v = 16 ms 1 and r = 50 m
v2 (16)2
=
= 5.12 ms 2
r
50
= a2c + a2T = (5.12)2 + 82
ac =
anet
(given aT = 8 ms )
= 9.5 ms 2
3. Speed (v) at the highest point ( P)
v = u cos
u cos
v2
= 21.65
R
i.e.,
v = 21.65 2.5 (Q R = 2.5 m)
= 7.36 ms 1
1
(b) aT = a sin 30 = 25 = 12.5 ms 2
2
= 2.0 cms 1
v2 (2.0)2
ac =
=
= 4 cms 2
R
1
(b) v = 2.0t
dv
= 2.0
dt
i.e.,
aT = 2.0 cms 2
(c) anet = a2C + a2T
= 4.47 cms 2
2h
6. R = uT = u
g
ac = g
r
P
Centre of curvature
Now,
i.e.,
v = u cos
ac = g
v2
=g
R
v2 u2 cos2
R=
=
g
g
3
2
= 21.65 ms 2
4. (a) ac = a cos 30 = 25
u
h = 2.9 m
h
Range (R) = 10 m
i.e.,
u=R
u2 =
g
2h
R2 g
2h
144 | Mechanics-1
Thus, centripetal acceleration of the stone
(at point P) while in circular motion
u2 R2 g 1
=
=
r
2h r
2
10 9.8
=
2 2.9 1.5
= 112.6 ms 2
18.5
7. v = 18 km / h =
ms 1 = 5 ms 1
18
v2
Angle of banking () = tan 1
rg
mv2
= mg
r
i.e.,
9.
2 T1 cos mg cos
mr
mg
sin
4 100
= 200
4
5
T2 = T1
v
(5)
1
=
= = 0.25
gr 10 10 4
v = r g tan
= 150 N
= 50 10 tan 30
= 17 ms 1
10.
or =
= 8.37 rad s 1
1
8.37
rev
2
=
1
min
60
= 39.94 rev min 1.
(b) From Eq. (ii),
(5)2
10 10
1
= tan 1
40
3
3
2 200 4 10
5
4
=
43
= tan 1
8.
mr 2min = N (i)
and mg = N
(ii)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii),
g
min =
r
=
N
N
mg
= 4.7 rads 1
11. (a) ( T1 + T2 ) cos = mr2
(i)
T1
T1 sin
4m
4m
mg
10
0.15 3
T1 cos
mr2 T1 cos
T1 sin mg
cos =
T2 cos
T2 sin
T2
mg
mL 2max = N = mg
g
max =
L
At
the t) time
of
just
slipping
At t
and ( T1 T2 ) sin = mg
i.e.,
T2 cos = mr2 T1 cos
and
T2 sin = T1 sin mg
(ii)
Circular Motion |
The block will be at he point of slipping,
when
manet = mg
2 2
L24 + 2 L2 = 2 g2
2 g2
4 + 2 = 2
L
or
if
i.e., ( L ) + ( L) = g
or
2 g 2
4
= 2 2
L
or
i.e.,
Ff
= 4 ( 4)2
= 64 N
2r
T
a/ 3
2r
a3
T=
= 2
= 2
1
v
3 Gm
GM 2
a
Now, v =
T Ff = 1 1 2
64 Ff = ( 4)2
Ff = 48 N
(b)
T = 2 2 2max
T Ff max = 1 1 2max
max =
3
0.8 1 10
=
3
O'P = r
N cos
O
N
O'
P
N sin
mg
and
N cos = mg
2
sin ( R sin ) 2
sin r
or
=
=
cos
g
cos
g
g
i.e.,
cos =
R 2
For > 0 : cos < 1
and
= 1.63 rad s 1
2 2 2max
2m
Gm 2 GM 2
v=
= a
r 3
or
= 60
15. (a) T = 2 2 2
60
=F 3
2
PQ = QR = RP = a = 2 PO cos 30
a=r 3
For the circular motion of P, Q or R
mv2
= F = F 3
r
mv2 G mm
or
=
3
r
( r 3 )2
1
g
R
13. F = 2F cos
g
< 1 or >
R2
g
: = 0
i.e.,
145
(c) 100 =
max = 5 rad s 1
Therefore, if the string can sustain a
tension of 1100 N, the angular speed of
the block system will be 5 rad s 1.
In this case the frictional force ( Ff ) on the
block of mass 1 kg will be given by the
relation
100 Ff = 1 1 52
Ff = 75 N
gr l
16.
vmax =
h
10 200 0.75
(2 r = 1.5 m)
=
1.5
= 31.6 ms 1
146 | Mechanics-1
17. If the block just leaves the surface of
19. At point P
sphere at point C
mv2
(i)
= mg cos
r
[v = velocity of block at point C]
2
v = gr cos
v0
P
mg sin
mg
v0
Tmax = 2W
= 2 mg
mv2
l
m 2
=
[v0 + 2 gh]
l
m 2
or 2mg mg sin =
[v0 + 2 gl sin ]
l
52 + 2 g 2 sin
or
2 g g sin =
2
1
Solving, sin =
4
1
i.e,.
= sin 1
4
T mg sin =
vel = v
r
Further, v2 = v20 + 2 gh
(ii)
= v20 + 2 gr (1 cos )
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii),
v20 + 2 gr (1 cos ) = gr cos
or (0.5 gr )2 + 2 gr (1 cos ) = gr cos
1
+ 2 (1 cos ) = cos
4
3
i.e.,
= cos 1
4
2
mv
18. T mg cos =
r
h = l sin
20. 8 = 5 + 5 cos
v
T=0
5 cos
8m
= 30
5
4
5m
mg cos
mg
2.5 mg mg cos =
ac =
Thus,
mv2
r
v2
= 25 5 3 ms 2
r
at = g sin = 5 ms 2
anet = ( ac )2 + ( at )2
= (25 5 3 )2 + (5)2
= 625 + 75 + 25 10 3
= 26.60 m/s2
3
5
mv2
T + mg cos =
r
cos =
t = cos 1
3
5
T is just zero.
mv2
r
2
i.e,.
v = 5 g cos
= 30
v = 5.42 ms 1
The height (H) to which the particle will
rise further.
mg cos =
Circular Motion |
2
v sin
30
16
=
2g
2 10 25
24
=
= 0.96 m
25
mv2
8 gR
21. (a) N =
=m
= 8 mg
R
R
v2 = 02 + 2. g.4 R
= 8 gR
F=
H=
147
N + ( mg)
= 64 m2 g2 + m2 g2
= 65 mg
mv 2
(b) N + mg =
R
m
mg + mg =
2 g ( h 2R)
R
or
2R = 2 ( h 2R)
i.e.,
h = 3 R
4R
h = 5R
N
mg
F
=k
dt
i.e.,
at = k
Although the magnitude of the tangential
acceleration will remain constant but its
direction will keep on changing as the
direction of velocity would be changing.
(c)
v = kt
R = kt
= k t
k
(k =
= constant)
R
d
= k
dt
= constant.
As the direction of (angular acceleration)
is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of
the body, it will remain constant both in
magnitude and direction.
Option (c) is correct.
2. |p1|= |p2 |= mv
p1
p2
p1
p
p2
p1
= 45
p2
p1
p2
p1
1
2
= 0.765 mv
(max)
148 | Mechanics-1
KE = 0
6. Normal acceleration
= Tangential acceleration
v2
= 5 (cms 2 )
R
(Q R = 20 cm)
v = 10 cms 1
Using,
v = 0 + 5t
10 = 5t
t =2s
Option (b) is correct.
7. Mass = 2 kg
[as here PE = 0]
2 kg
2 (0.25) m
T
4.
B
OB
OA
l=
v2 = u2 + 2( g) (2l)
= 4gl 4gl
=0
T
Light O
rigid
rod
1
r =
0.25
1
=
kgm 1
0.25
rev
= 300
min
2 rad
= 300
60 s
m =
u = 4gl
= 4 gl 4 gl
=0
If the mass m is given velocity u ( = 4 gl ) at
point A it will complete circle to reach point
B (the highest point) with zero velocity.
[If in place of light rod these is light string
the minimum value of u at A for the mass
to reach point B will be 5gl and the
minimum velocity at B will be g l.]
5. As explained in question 4 speed at lowest
point
u = 5 gl
At the lowest point
mu2
T mg =
l
m 5 gl
=
l
= 5 mg
T = 6 mg
Option (d) is correct.
(Q r = 0.25)
= 10 rad s 1
From figure
180
2
2T cos
= ( m) r
or
2T sin
= ( m) r2
2
or
2T
= ( m) r2
2
or
T = ( ) r2
or
T = r 2
= 0.25 (10)2
(Q 2 10)
250 N
Option (d) is correct.
8. Maximum speed of car = gr
= 0.3 10 300
= 30 m/s
Circular Motion |
18
km/h
= 30
5
= 108 km/h
Option (c) is correct.
149
725
102 ms 2
3
= 32.4 N
Option (a) is correct.
12. At the lowermost point
T cos
T sin
u=0
h
v2 = 2gh
and
i.e.,
T cos = mg
g
cos =
l 2
2
l = revs 1
2
= (2 rad) s 1
= 4 rads 1
10
5
cos =
=
1 ( 4)2 8
5
= cos 1
8
mg
mv2
l
m 2 gh
T=
+ mg
l
2h
= mg 1 +
T mg =
or
t = ml
100
8
=
1 42 = N
1000
5
Option (b) is correct.
1
11. = rads 1 and R = 25 cm
3
25
at = R =
cms 2
3
Thus,
t = 0 + t
1
[Q t = 2 s]
= 2
3
2
2
aN = R 2t = 25 cms 2
3
725
Thus, anet = a2N + a2t =
cms 2
3
B = 2 rad min 1
BA = B A
2
1
= 2
rad min
3
4
rad min 1
=
3
Time required for B to complete one
revolution w.r.t. A
2
3
=
= min
4 / 3 2
and
= 1.5 min
Option (c) is correct.
150 | Mechanics-1
14. Let all the particles meet at time t
(seconds)
B 2.5 ms1
A
1 ms1
C
2 ms1
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
1. For stopping car :
Maximum retardation
Maximum frictional force
=
m
N mg
=
=
= g
m
m
v2 = u2 + 2as
02 = v2 + (2)( g) d [Q Initial velocity = v]
v2
d=
2 g
For circular turn of car :
Centripetal force
= Maximum frictional force = mg
mv2
= mg
d
v2
i.e., safe radius = d =
d = 2d
g
Thus, Assertion and Reason are both
correct and Reason is the correct
explanation of the Assertion.
Option (a) is correct.
2. a av =
vB v A
t AB
|BD| v 2
=
t AB
t AB
|AB| R 2
=
t AB
t AB
i.e.,
|a av |=
Now,
|v av|=
|a av|
|v av|
v 2
= (angular velocity)
R 2
will always be 90
vB
vA
BD
=
t AB
a = ac
vA
va = 0
Circular Motion |
(2)2
=2m
2
a T = ^i ms 2
ac
v a will be positive.
v
ac
R=
aT
aT
6. a = a T + a c (Reason)
ac
ac
Assertion is correct.
Reason
as
both
are
v =0
perpendicular to each other.
Reason is also true but not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
Option (b) is correct.
v2
+ g2
r
|a |=
|a |> g (Assertion)
points A and C :
momentarily at rest.
5. v = 2 i ms 1
aT = g
v a will be negative.
151
The
bob
is
anet
x
2j
v = 2z
a = ^i + 2 ^j ms 2
ac
= |a c |=
a c = 2 j ms
2 ms
v2
R
i.e.,
v = |v|= 2 ms 1
ac =
A
B
v = 0 (Reason)
v2
=0
R
but net acceleration is not zero (see figure)
i.e., Assertion is false.
Option (d) is correct.
|a c |=
152 | Mechanics-1
8. v (speed) = 4 t 12
10. N = mg cos
N
O
N sin
mg cos
mg
= N sin
r
1
2
1
2
or
or
or
mr2 = mg
5a 2
= g
4
4g
2 =
15a
as =
Circular Motion |
4. Acceleration at B = Acceleration at A
v2
= g sin
r
2 gr (1 cos )
or
= g sin
r
or
2 (1 cos ) = sin
or
[2 (1 cos )]2 = 1 cos2
or
(5 cos 3) (cos 1) = 0
As cos = 1, i.e., = 0 is not possible.
3
cos =
5
1 3
i.e.,
= cos
5
Option (c) is correct.
mv2
R
If at point P skier leaves the hemisphere.
N =0
mv2
mg cos =
R
m
R
or
mg cos =
2g h +
R
4
m
R
or
mg cos =
2 g R (1 cos ) +
R
4
cos = 2 (1 cos ) +
4
1 5
i.e.,
= cos
6
Option (c) is correct.
mg cos N =
6. Velocity at B
v = 2 gh
= 2 gR (cos 2 cos 1)
= 2 gR (cos 37 cos 53 )
4 3
= 2 gR
3 5
=
2 gR
5
v
2R
=
g cos 2 5 cos 2
2R
=
5 cos 37
2R
=
4
5
5
R
=
2
Option (c) is correct.
mv2
7.
mg cos =
a
a
42 + 2 g
4
or
g cos =
a
a
a
g
u2 + 2 g
4
4
or g
=
a
a
3
a
or
g a = u2 + 2 g
4
4
ag
u=
2
Option (c) is correct.
v2
4
8.
= 2
r
r
2
v=
r
or
R1 =
Momentum = mv
2m
=
r
9.
N cos = mr2
and N sin = mg
N = m g2 + r24
2
= m g2 + r2
T
= 10 10 + (0.5)
1.5
a
= 128 N
Option (b) is correct.
1
10.
= 0 t + t2
2
1
= 0 + t t
2
153
154 | Mechanics-1
v 1 1 v2 4 R
= +
t
R 2 R 4 R v
v
v 4R
=
R 2R v
2H
g
2
g
= 2
T
2H
2g
=
H
2
12. (minute hand) =
rad s 1
3600
2
rads 1
(second hand) =
60
For second hand to meet minute hand for
the first time.
2 + Angle moved by minute hand in t
second
= Angle moved by second hand in t second
2
2
or
2 +
t=
t
3600
60
t
t
1=
60 3600
t
59
1=
60 60
3600
s
t=
59
Option (d) is correct.
=
13.
60
30
B'
PR
= cos 30
PQ
vA 2
3
=
30
2
v A = 7.5 3 ms 1
Substituting value of v A in Eq. (i),
vB = 7.5 ms 1
mv2
14. mg cos N =
r
When breaks off N = 0
mv2
mg cos =
r
Further,
T=
vB
30 m
t=2s
vB
= AD
= 4
= 2 rev.
1
H = gT2
2
11.
(i)
sin
mg
or
g cos =
Acceleration
= g sin
mg
2 gr (1 cos )
r
3
or
cos = 2 (1 cos )
2
or
cos =
3
Acceleration of particle when it leaves
sphere
= g sin
g 5
=
3
Option (b) is correct.
Circular Motion |
15. For minimum velocity (v) :
tan = tan 45 = 1
=1
As
= tan
is the angle of repose.
N
(given)
N cos
N cos
N
N sin
aT = g
anet = a2c + a2T
= (3 g)2 + g2 = g 10
and
N sin
N = mr2
N = mg
g
=
r2
10
= 0.2
=
0.2(5)2
u = 5 gR
Particle's velocity (v) when it is at B i.e.,
when its velocity is vertical would be given
by the relation
v
R
u = 5gR
ac =
v2
= 3g
R
mg
= 31.62 m/s
the value of
At B :
v2 = u2 + 2 ( g) R
= 5 gR 2 gR
= 3 gR
Now, as = 45 and = 1
v =
Option (d) is correct.
155
v
v1
In figure, TP = R cos
At point P :
v2 = 2 g ( R cos )
v = 2 gR cos1/ 2
156 | Mechanics-1
2 cos2 sin2 = 0
3 cos2 = 1
or
or
= cos 1
or
1
3
T
mg
at = ac
dv v2
i.e.,
=
dt R
dt
2
v dv = R + k
v 2 + 1
t
i.e.,
=
+k
2 + 1 R
1 1
or
=
+k
v R
At t = 0, v = v0
(given)
1
0
=
+k
v0 R
1
i.e.,
k=
v0
1 t
1
Thus,
=
v R v0
1 tv R
or
= 0
v
Rv0
Rv0
or
u=
R tv0
v0
or
=
R tv0
d
v0
i.e.,
=
dt R tv0
v0
or
d =
dt
R tv0
2
T
v
0 d = 0 R 0tv0 dt
or
or
or
or
R
u
mv2
l
(where v = velocity at point B)
Thus,
T =0
mv2
if
mg =
l
2
i.e.,
v = gl
If u = velocity at the lowest point A
T + mg =
v2 = u2 + 2 ( g) (2l)
or
gl = u2 4 gh
u2 = 5 gl
i.e.,
u = 5 gl
(If T = 0, T a = 0)
Option (b) is correct.
22. For any value of u at the lowest point both
T a will be positive.
Option (d) is correct.
23. Change in PE of the system
m
M
l
l/2
l
+ mgl
2
M
=
+ m gl
2
= Mg
Circular Motion |
2
1
M
mu2 =
+ m gl
2
i.e.,
m
25. Maximum and minimum velocities will be
or
i.e.,
= (2 v) 4 gL
3v2 = 4 gL
4
gL
v = gL = 2
3
3
157
(Qu = 2 v)
(Min. velocity)
1
mu2
2
8 mgL
3
u
(Max. velocity)
v2 = u2 + 2 ( g) 2L
= u2 4 gl
moving downwards.
2 = v2 + 2 gL
4 gl
=
+ 2 gl
3
10 gl
or
=
3
Option (a) is correct.
v'
A aT = 0
g
ac(min)
B
T
mg
B
aT = g sin
C
aT = g
ac(max)
g
2
vmax
or
D aT = 0
or
aT is maximum and ac is somewhere
between maximum value (at D) and
minimum value (at A).
Option (b) is correct.
At point D :
ac is maximum while be aT is minimum.
Option (d) is correct.
2. At point B :
T + mg =
mv 2
l
i.e.,
2mg + mg =
mv
l
v 2 = 3 gl
v = 3 gl
v2 = v 2 + 2 g (2l)
v2 = 3 gl + 4 gl
= 7 gl
i.e.,
v = 7 gl
Option (b) is correct.
158 | Mechanics-1
4. Particle
3. N sin = mg
N
r
N sin
N cos
mg
h
N cos = mr2
g
g
=
tan =
r tan
r2
2
g
=
T
r tan
r tan
T = 2
g
i.e.,
or
v = u 2 gl
= 12 gl 2 gl
i.e.,
v = 10 gl
= 10 10 1
= 10 ms 1
b
(a) (p).
A
Acceleration of bob :
v2 10 g
ac =
=
= 100 ms 2
l
1
aT = g = 10 ms 2
anet = a2c + a2T
= 1002 + 102 ms 2
(b) (s).
Tension in string :
mv2 1 100
T=
=
= 100 N
l
1
(c) (r).
Tangential acceleration of bob :
aT = g = 10 ms 2
(d) (p).
2. v = 2 t
dv
=2
dt
i.e., a = 2 ms 2
At t = 1 s : v = 2 ms 1
v2 22
ac =
=
= 2 ms 2
r
2
aT = 2 ms 2
anet = 22 + 22 = 2 2 ms 2
Circular Motion |
F=f
F
=1
f
(a) a v = |a ||v|cos 45
1
2
1
= 2 2 2
2
= a net v
= 4 unit.
Thus, (a) (r).
(b) |a |= |v|||sin 90
(c)
v = |v|||sin 90
v
= v = v
r
2
(2)
=
2
= 2 unit
Thus, (c) (q)
i.e.,
(c) (r).
If v is increased F will increase which will
automatically increase the value of f .
(d) (p).
4. Speed of particle is constant
= 4 unit
Thus, (d) (r)
M
v2 h
3. N1 =
g
2
ra
On increase v, the value of N1 will
decrease.
Thus, (a) (q).
M
v2 h
N2 =
g +
2
ra
On increasing v, the value of N2 will
increase.
(b) (q).
As the centripetal force ( F ) would be
provided by the frictional force (f )
|a |=
|v|2
|r |
( 4)2 + ( a)2
( 6)2 + ( b)2 =
(3)2 + ( 4)2
36 + b2 =
16 + a2
5
(i)
(A) r v = |r ||v|cos 90 = 0
(3 ^i 4 ^j) ( 4 ^i a ^j) = 0
i.e.,
12 + 4 a = 0
a= 3
(a) (s).
(B) Substituting value of a ( = 3) in Eq. (i)
36 + b2 = 5
36 + b2 = 25
159
b = 25 36
(b) (s).
(C) r = 3 ^i 4 ^j
r = |r |= 5
(c) (r).
= |v||a | k
Thus, r ( v a )
= r|
v||a |k
= (3 ^i 4 ^j) |v||a|k = 0
^
[as ^i k = 0, ^j k = 0]
(d) (s).
160 | Mechanics-1
5. (A) As speed is constant
Average speed = 1 ms
v2
v1
v mg
R 2
R 2
2 2
=
1 =
AB arc
R
2
speed
(b) (q)
(C) Modulus of average acceleration
v1
|v v1| |v| v 2
= 2
=
=
R
t AB
t AB
2
= 2 [ Q v = 1 ms 1 and R =
(a) (s)
(B) Modulus of average velocity =
AB
t AB
(c) (r)
2
]
rCM
mi ri
i =1
n
mi
i =1
n
while
mi g i ri
r CM =
i =1
n
mi g i
i =1
7.
3 kg (1/2, 3/2)
CG
CM
g
increasing
g
decreasing
CM
CG
1 kg
(0, 0)
2 kg
(1, 0)
m1 X1 + m2 X2
m1 + m2
m1 y1 + m2 y2
=
m1 + m2
X CM =
YCM
2
r = X 2CM + YCM
162 | Mechanics-1
y
8.
YCM =
A1 y1 A2 y2
A1 A2
9. A1 = 4 a2 , x1 = a, y1 = a
3a
3a
A2 = a2 , x2 =
, y2 =
2
2
x
1 kg
2 kg
y
2m
t=1s
7y
CM (f)
1x = 2 (10 x)
20
x=
cm
3
60
2.
in
At t = 0s
2 kg
+v
e
mg
s
1 kg
A
t=0s
60
mg
s
in
30
30
1m
t=1s
1 y = 2 (7 y)
14
cm
y=
3
Displacement of CM
= Position of CM ( f ) Position of CM ( i)
= ( y + 2) ( x)
14
20
=
+ 2
3
3
=0
Method 2
M vCM = m1v1 + m2v2
= 1 ( 2 ms 1) + 2 ( 1 ms 1)
=0
As velocity of CM is zero, there will not be
any change in the position of the CM.
mg sin 60 T = ma
T mg sin 30 = ma
Adding above equations,
mg (sin 60 sin 30 ) = 2 ma
3 1
a= g
a1 and a2
a CM =
or
m a1 + m a2 1
= ( a1 + a2 )
2m
2
a
g( 3 1)
|a CM|=
=
2
4 2
(i)
(ii)
163
20 v + 60 ( + 3)
=
=0
20 + 60
vCM =
60 kg + ve
$
20 20 $i + 30 20 $i + 40 20 k
20 + 30 + 40
y
(10i + 20k) cms1
20 kg
30 g
v
3 m/s
20 kg
60 kg
20 g
20 g
vCM =
20 0 + 30 (10 ^i + 20 k) + 40 v
20 + 30 + 40
^
v = ( 2.5 ^i + 15 ^j + 5 k ) cms 1
i.e.,
before explosion = 10 2 ^i ms 1
^
v = 10 2 i
20
45
20 cos 45
= 102 ms1
R/2
v = 20 2 ^i
R
Range of rest half part =
2
2
(as the velocity of the projectile has
doubled at the highest point)
u2
(as = 45)
= R=
g
=
z
Rest
(20)2
= 40 m
10
164 | Mechanics-1
Therefore, the rest half part will land at a
40
distance of 40 +
m i.e., 60 m from the
point of projection.
1
( 2000)2 sin2
= 20 1 g 12 +
2
2g
2000 1
= 15 +
2 10 5
20 2 i
u
= 15 + 20
= 35 m
5. At point P
u = (40)2 + (20)2
P
20 ms1
t=0s
202 ms
1
= 2000 ms
t = 15
15 m
45
v=
5 2
ms 1
100
60 kg
40 kg
10 cm
1 kg
X
u = 2 v = 40 ^i + 20 ^j ms 1
1 1
10 ms1
45
1 kg
= 20 ^i + 10 ^j
10 ms1
T = 2 s
2 10 sin 45
= 2s
g
1
sin =
5
Maximum height attained by second half
part
Bullet
Bullet
= 45
' >
165
=
dt
v
(20 + 180) 9.8
=
1.6 103
or
or
i.e.,
180 kg
=9s
20 kgs 1
200
20
= 3.6 kms 1
2. Mass at time t, m = m0 t
dm
=
dt
ma = thrust force mg
= 1.225 kgs 1
(i) Rate of consumption of fuel = 2 kgs 1
Time required for the consumption of fuel
180 kg
t=
= 90 s
2 kgs 1
Ultimate speed gained by rocket
m
v = u gt + v log e 0
m
t=
(i)
20
1
= 2.8 kms
(iii) Rate of consumption of fuel = 20 kgs 1
dm
ma = v
mg
dt
or
or
ma = v mg
d2 x
or ( m0 t) 2 = u ( m0 t) g (Qv = u)
dt
m
3. v = u gt + v ln 0
m
m0
= 0 gt + u ln
t
m0 1
3
3
(at t = 1 s)
= g 1 + u ln
2
3
= u ln g
2
1. u (at t = 0 s) = ( 10 3 i + 10 j ) ms 1
20 m/s
60
At t = 1 s
Horizontal velocity = 10 3 ^i ms 1
Vertical velocity = (10 g 1) ^j ms 1
= 0 ^j ms 1
Change in velocity, v = v u
= ( 10 3 ) ^i (10 3 ^i + 10 ^j)
= 10 ^j ms 1
i.e.,
(Q 1 kg ms 1 = 1 Ns)
would go down by 2 m.
v = 10 3 i ms
2. Impulse ( J ) imparted
v = 10 ms 1, downwards.
v2 = u2 + 2 g 2
or
v = 2 10 ms 1
p = m v
= 1(2 10 0) kg ms 1
= 2 10 kg ms 1
Impulse imparted = 2 10 Ns.
2m
166 | Mechanics-1
Introductory Exercise 8.6
1. At maximum extension of the spring both
2.0 ms1
3 kg
of
Rest
m m
or
or
1 2 K
K = m
+ EPE max
4 m
K
EPE max =
2
v1'
m2
m1
m2
m1
V =
2
1 2K
=
2 m
Applying
law
of
conservation
mechanical energy
1
K + 0 = ( m + m) V 2 + EPE max
2
or
K = mV 2 + EPE max
v2'
m m2
1
1
m2 v22 m2 1
v2
2
2
m1 + m2
2
m m2
1
= m2 v22 1 1
2
m1 + m2
1
mv2 = K
2
2K
v=
m
v1 = 0
m m2
2 m2
v2 = 1
v2 +
v1
m1 + m2
m1 + m2
m m2
(as v1 = 0)
= 1
v2
m1 + m2
6 kg
( 1.0) 3 + ( + 2.0) 6 = (3 + 6) v
v = + 1 m/s
Applying
law
of
conservation
mechanical energy
1
1
1
1
3 ( 1)2 + 6 (2)2 = 9 12 + x2
2
2
2
k
1
Substituting k = 200 Nm
x = 0.3 m = 30 cm
of
K
=1
K
=
m1 m2
m1 + m2
( m1 + m2 )2 ( m1 m2 )2
( m1 + m2 )2
4 m1m2
=
( m1 + m2 )2
Rest
2m
K 4 (2m) ( m)
=
K
(2m + m)2
8
=
9
Rest
v1
v2
m1
m2
m1
m2
v1 =
and
m1 m2
u
m1 + m2
v2
m2
v2 = v1 + u
m m2
= 1
u+u
m1 + m2
2 m1
=
u
( m1 + m2 )
B
4m
4m
4m
Rest
2v
5
velocity of B = v
Before collision of B with A
velocity of A = zero
m 4m 3
v
m + 4m 5
9
=
v
25
9
3
6
=
v + v =
v
5
25
25
vB =
velocity of B = v
vA
4m
m1
Ans. No.
4m
4m
After
v2 = v1 and v 1 = v2
3v
5
m2
However, if m1 = m2
m1
v1'
C
v
v2'
Elastic collision
Rest
Before
v1
m m2
2m2
v 1 = 1
v1 +
v2
m1 + m2
m1 + m2
167
B
4m
C
9v
25
4m
2v
5
168 | Mechanics-1
Introductory Exercise 8.7
1. Applying
law
of
conservation
of
momentum
v
Rest
v'
2v
3
vmin = 2 m / s
vmax = 2 2 m / s
3. A ( m) hitting B (2m)
B
2v
mv = mv + m
3
v
v =
3
velocity of separation
e=
velocity of approach
2v
2v v
v
3
3 =1
=
= 3
v0
v
3
i.e.,
1 + e
1 e
v and v 2 =
v
2
2
2. v 1 =
v
Rest
v2'
v1'
A
B
Before collision
A
B
After collision
mv2 + mv 1 = 0.2
2
2
or
(Q m = 0.1 kg)
v 22 + v 21 = 4
2
2
1 e 2 1 + e 2
or
v +
v =4
2
2
or
v2
(2 + 2e2 ) = 4
4
Extreme cases
If collision is perfectly in elastic i.e., e = 0
v2
(2) = 4
4
i.e.,
v = 2 2 m/s
If collision is perfectly elastic i.e., e = 1
v2
(2 + 2) = 4
4
i.e.,
v = 2 m/s
2m
m
v
A
A collision is elastic
2 ( m)
2
vB =
v= v
2m + m
3
m 2m
v
and
vA =
v=
2m + m
3
Velocity of B w.r.t. A = vB v A
2
v
= v = v
3
3
Next collision between the balls will
take place after time
2 r
t=
v
4. As collision is elastic
v2'
v'1
A
B
Before collision
p
m
Rest
After collision
1 e p
v 2 =
2 m
Now, Momentum of A before impact
Impulse given by B on A
= Momentum of A after impact.
p J = m v 2
1 e p
or
p J = m
2 m
2J
or
e=
1
p
169
1. v0 sin = v cos ( + )
v0
v0
co
sin
v0 s
in (
+
s v0
v co
4.
s (
+ )
Rest
PRX = 30
QRX = 30
P
R
tan = cot( + )
or
cot = cot( + )
2
or
= +
2
or
= 2
2
2. Speed after n impacts
Rest
30
X Angle OA
30
C
B
Applying
law
momentum
conservation
of
A
B
Before collision
B
After collision
m
v
M
Velocity of separation
e=
Velocity of approach
of
Rest
V =
Rest
u
2g
3. mv + 0 = 0 + MV
m
Rest
Q
= e2 n h
or
or
mu = 2 mv cos 30
3
u = 2v
2
u=v 3
170 | Mechanics-1
Velocity of approach of ball C towards ball A
= ucos 30 0
= ucos 30
=u 3
6.
Velocity of separation of ball A away from
ball C = v
u sin
v
e=
3
u
A
2
v
=
3
(v 3 )
2
2
=
3
after impact = 2 ^j
Velocity after impact = ^i + 2 ^j
At A, u|| = u cos
u = u sin
v
e u sin
H1
T1 B
u cos
u sin
R1
T2
H2
R2
At B
u|| = u cos
u = e u sin
2u sin
T1
1
g
=
=
T2 2 e u sin e
g
5. x-component of velocity
45
45
2u
Using T = g
2 ^j
45 v = 2i^ + 2j^
X
2 ^i
before impact = 2 ^i
after impact = e 2 ^i
1
= 2 ^i
2
= ^i
y-component of velocity
before impact = 2 ^j
2 (u sin ) (u cos )
2 u u||
R1
2
=
Using R =
R2 2 ( eu sin ) u cos
g
g
1
=
e
(u sin )2
H1
u2
2g
=
Using H =
2
H2 ( e u sin )
2g
2g
1
= 2
e
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
1.
D 4kg
1m
C
3kg
P
(CM)
1m
yCM
1m
B 2kg
A 1kg
10 + 21 + 3 1 + 4 0
1+2+3 + 4
5
m
=
10
10 + 20 + 3 1 + 4 1
=
1+2+3 + 4
7
m
=
10
xCM =
1m
5
7
AP2 = x2CM + y2CM = +
10
10
2. xCM
4
V 0 + a 3 b
3
xCM =
4
3
V a
3
4
a 3b
3
=
4
4
R 3 a 3
3
3
a3
= 3
b
3
R a
4.
= 0.74 m 2
A x + A2 x2
= 1 1
A1 + A2
A1 = a2
A2 =
171
a2
4
a
2
By symmetry yCM = 0
a
5. In Fig. 1, C is CM.
a2
( a)
4
=
2
a
a2 +
4
=
a
4+
a2 0 +
Fig. 2
m1
m2
(a4 , b4 )
X
m2
C'
(i)
m1a = m2 ( l a)
In Fig. 2, C is CM.
m1( a + b l1) = m2 ( l a + l2 b) (ii)
Substituting Eq. (i) in Eq. (ii),
m1( b l1) = m2 ( l2 b)
or
m1b m1l1 = m2 l2 m2 b
or
( m1 + m2 ) b = m1l1 + m2 l2
or
b=
A a
A 0 +
4 4
xCM =
A
A +
4
A 4 a
=
4 3A 4
a
=
12
A b
A 0 +
4 4
yCM =
A
A +
4
b
=
12
b
a
Centre of mass
,
12
12
l2
b
m1
l1
Fig. 1
6. xCM =
m1l1 + m2 l2
m1 + m2
x dm
dm
dx
x 3dx
x2 dx
(Q = 0
x2
)
l2
172 | Mechanics-1
l
7. xCM
3 x4
= 3
4 0
x
3
= l
4
1 10 + 2 12
=
1+2
New position of CM
10 m 10 m
6ms1 1 kg 2 kg 4ms1
+ ive
34
m
3
1 ( 6) + 2 ( + 4)
2
=
= + ms 1
1+2
3
=
vCM
1 kg
2 ms
1 ms
70 ^i + 105 ^j
m
3
0.10 kg
m = 0.3 kg
(b) Momentum of system = Momentum of CM
= ( m + 0. 1) kg 6 ^j ms 1
= 2.4 ^j kg ms 1
v=u+at
(1)(0) + (2)(10$i + 10 $j)
=
10 $j
3
20
10 $
= $i
j m/s
3
3
1
( r1) = s 0 + u t + a t2
2
1
= (10 ^i + 20 ^j) + 0 + ( 10 ^j) 12
2
= 10 ^i + 15 ^j m
New position vector ( r2 ) of particle B
1
r2 = (20 ^i + 40 ^j) + (10 ^i + 10 ^j) 1 + ( 10 ^j) 12
2
^
^
= 30 i + 45 j
v (0.3) + 0 (0.10)
(c) v CM = m
0.3 + 0.1
4
v m = v CM
4
4
= 6 j^ ms 1
3
+ ive
m 0 + 0 1 12
m + 0. 1
(a) 3 =
9. Acceleration ( a ) = 10 j ms 2
10 ^i + 15 ^j + 60 ^i + 90 ^j
3
12 m
= 0 ms 2
Displacement of CM in 1 s = 0 m.
6 ^j ms1
m kg
3 m CM
O
2 kg
1
r1 (1) + r2 (2)
1+2
10.
3
38
m = 12.67 m
=
3
1 2 ( + 2) + 2 ( 1)
8. vCM =
1+2
1
R=
= 8 ^j m s 1
m
11.
A t = 0s
2m
B ( t = 100 ms)
Position of 1st particle ( A) at t = 300 ms
1
s1 = 10 (300 103)2
2
= 0.45 m
Position of 2nd particle ( B) at t = 300 ms
(B is at the position of A at t = 100 ms)
1
s2 = 100 (200 103)2
2
= 0.20 m
2 m 0.2 + m 0.45
Position of CM =
2m + m
= 28.3 cm
vCM =
2m + m
7
= = 2.33 ms 1
3
m A 0 + mB 80
12. 24 =
m A + mB
or
24 ( m A + 0.6) = 80 0.6
or
m A = 1.4 kg
Total mass of system = 1.4 kg + 0.6 kg
= 2.0 kg
towards right.
Displacement of block A towards right
(along x-axis) when it arrives at the
bottom of the wedge
A
30
5 kg
B (50 kg)
R
= QR x
= 0.5 x
Now, as net force on the system (wedge +
block) along x-axis is zero, the position of
CM of the system, along x-axis, will not
change
vCM = 6.0 t2 ^j
aCM = 12 t ^j ms 2
5 (0.5 x) = 30x
0.5
m
x=
7
= 71.4 mm
i.e.,
= 72 N j
13.
L
O
173
dx
xCM =
x dm
dm
L
0 x ( Ax dx)
L
o
L
x2 dx
x dx
B
FA
i.e.,
Ax dx
L3 / 3
L2 / 2
2
= L
3
i.e.,
FB
B
m Av A + mBvB
=0
m A + mB
vA
m
2
= B =
vB
mA
1
p2 / 2 m A
KA
p2
m
2
= 2A
= 2A B =
KB
pB / 2 mB
pB m A 1
174 | Mechanics-1
16. While man travels from P to Q
or
CM
P
vCM
m
v
( M + m)
V =
3 v
m
v + mv
3v
2
=
=
m+m
4
L
.
2
Time taken by man to reach point Q
starting from point P
L /2 2L
tPQ =
=
3v/ 4 3v
+ ive
vCM =
m+m
3v
=
4
1
Displacement of CM =
2
Time taken by man to reach point P
starting from point Q
L / 2 2 L
t QP =
=
3v / 4 3 v
Total time = tPQ + t QP
2L 2L
+
3v 3v
4L
=
3v
=
4L
v
3v
4L
=
3
vi
v2
v3
(i)
= 2
2 gs
Here
s = 0.30 m
(b) Decrease in kinetic energy of bullet
1
= m(v12 v23 )
2
1
(c) KE of block = mv22
2
19. m
v1
m1
v2
= 0.5
m2
v3
( m + m1)v2 = mv1
v2 =
m + m1
mv1
Common velocity v3 =
m + m1 + m2
(i)
(ii)
V2 =
or
2 m2 g l (1 cos )
M ( M + m)
2 m2 g l 2 sin2
2
2
V =
M ( M + m)
or
or
pendulum is vertical
PE = mgh
h
KE = 1 mv
2
v
V = 2 m sin
gl
M ( M + m)
x + x = R r
or
x = ( R r) x
(x = horizontal displacement of cylinder
w.r.t. ground)
As no force would be acting along
horizontal direction, for no shift in CM
along horizontal. We would have
mx Mx = 0
or
m [( R r) x ] Mx = 0
or
( M + m) x = m ( R r)
m ( R r)
x=
M+m
Now, as the PE of the cylinder would
change into the kinetic energies of the
KE = 1
2
(R r)
m
mv = MV
M
or
v=
V
m
KE of wagon + KE of bob = PE of bob
1
1
MV 2 + mv2 = mgh
2
2
2
1
1 M
or
MV 2 + m
V = mgh
2
2 m
1
M
or
MV 2 1 +
= mgh
2
m
1
or
MV 2 ( M + m) = m2 gh
2
2 m gh
M ( M + m)
V2 =
or
175
x'
176 | Mechanics-1
Applying
law
of
conservation
of
momentum
mv + MV = 0
M
or
v=
V
m
Thus, Eq. (i) becomes
2
1 M
1
mg ( R r) = m
V + MV 2
2 m
2
1
M
or
mg( R r) = MV 2
+ 1
2
m
2
2
m
g
(
R
r
)
or
V2 =
M ( M + m)
or
V =m
2 g ( R r)
M ( M + m)
2 m/s
2 m/s
45
+ ive
2 m/s
2 m/s
50 g
45 45
2 m/s
Wall
p f = 50 103 2 kg ms 1
|p f |= 50 103 2 kg ms 1
m = ( 40 + 160) kg
= 200 kg
vi = 2 km/s = 2 103 kg 1
Rate of consumption of fuel = 4 kgs 1
Time (t) required to completely brunt out
160 kg
of the fuel =
= 40 s.
4 kgs 1
Ultimate vertical speed gained by the
rocket
m
= g t + vi ln
m0
200
= 10 40 + 2 103 ln
40
= 400 + 3218 = 2818 m/s
= 2.82 kms 1
24. When y length of rope has fallen on table
top
A
y
( p f ) = 50 103 2 kg ms 1
Momentum of ball before reflection
A v = 2gy
( p i ) = + 50 103 2 kg ms 1
p = p f p i
= 100 103 2 kg ms 1
= 0.14 kg ms 1
i.e.,
|p|= 0.14 kg ms 1
p i = 50 103 2 kg ms 1
|p i|= 50 103 2 kg ms 1
dm
dt
dm dy
=v
dy dt
dm
M
= v2
= v2
dy
L
M
W =
g
L
Fnet = W + Fth
Fth = vrel
Fth
v = 2 ms1
v=0
= ( v) (say) = v i
u rel = v1 v2
= 0 (v i)
= v ^i
dm
dt
dm ^
= v
i
dt
Fth = v rel
dm
> 0, the falling sand particles exert
dt
thrust force which decelerates the
conveyer belt.
As
F = F th
dm ^
=v
i
dt
= (2 ms 1 5 kgs 1) ^i
= 10N ^i
Power delivered by motor to drive belt at
2 m/s
= |F||v|= 10 N 2 ms 1
= 20 W
26.
177
ma = Fth mg
or
ma = Fth
(neglecting mg as compare to Fth )
dm
or
ma = u
dt
dm
a
or
= dt
m
u
dm
a
or
m = u dt
a
or
log e m = t + K
u
Now, as t = 0, m = m0
(given)
log e m0 = K
a
Thus,
log e m = t + log e m0
u
m
a
or
log e
= t
m0
u
or
m = m0 e
a
t
u
27. u = 100 ms 1, v = 0 ms 1, s = 6 cm
v2 = u2 + 2as
u2
a=
2s
(a) Now, v = u + at
u
u
2s
t= = 2 =
a
u
u
2s
2 6 102
=
= 1.2 ms
100
(b) Impulse on log = Change in
momentum of bullet
= m (0 u)
= mu
= 5 103 100
= 0.5 Ns
(c) Average force experienced by the log
Impulse
0.5
=
=
time
1.2 103
= 416.67 N
28. Let us consider right direction as positive.
178 | Mechanics-1
32. m1 = 1 kg and m2 = 1 kg
= 3 [( + 40) ( 50)]
= + 270 Ns
v2 = + 4ms1 v1 = 6ms1
m2 1 kg
A
B
Before collision
= 13.5 kN
dp
= 4 ^i
dt
or dI = 4 ^i dt
or
(where, I = Impulse)
dI =
4 ^i dt
I = 4 ^i (2 0)
or
30. m v = F t
or
or
33. v1 =
v u = 200
v2
v = 200 ms 1 as u = 0
31. v1 = v2 = 2 ms 1
v2 = v1 = + 3 ms
v2
v1
m2
m1
+ ive
B
After collision
1 2
2 2
=
( +4) +
( 6)
2 + 1
2 + 1
4
= 8
3
28
28
=
ms 1 =
ms 1
3
3
(in ive x direction).
= 8 ^i kg-ms 1
or
v1'
2 1
2 1
=
( 6) +
( 4)
2
+
1
2 + 1
8
= 2+
3
2
= + ms 1
3
2
= ms 1 (in + ive x direction)
3
m m1
2m1
v2 = 2
v2 +
v1
m
+
m
1
m1 + m2
2
p = m v = 2 (2t i 4 j)
29.
v2'
m m2
2m2
v1 = 1
v1 +
v2
m1 + m2
m1 + m2
= 13500 N
m1 2 kg
(given)
1+ e
1 e
v2 and v2 =
v2
2
2
v2'
v1 = 0
m 2
v1' = 2v2'
m
Rest
+ ive
or
or
or
v1 1 + e
=
v2 1 e
1+ e
2=
1 e
2 2e = 1 + e
1
e=
3
(Qv1 = 2 v2 )
Rest
Before collision
Also,
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
v1
v2
e2 =
1
2
1
or
e=
2
2m2
35. v1 =
v2
m1 + m2
or
After collision
v = v1 + v2
1
1
mv12 + mv22
3
2
2
=
1
2
4
mv
2
3
(v12 + v22 ) = v2
4
3
2
(v1 + v2 ) 2v1v2 = v2
4
3 2
2
v 2 v1v2 = v
4
1 2
2 v1v2 = v
4
Velocity of separation
e=
Velocity of approach
v2 v1
e=
v0
v2 v1
e=
v
2
v v1
e2 = 2
179
v2 = 2 ms1
e2 =
v1 = 0 ms1
v2'
v1'
A
m2 = 3 kg
m1 = 2 kg
(i)
23
2
2+3
12
= 2.4 ms 1
5
m m1
v2 = 2
v2
m1 + m2
=
and
32
2
2+3
2
= 0.4 ms 1
5
2 k g 2 k g
=
1
(v 21 v 22 )
2 k g
1
[(2.4)2 (0.4)2 ]
2 0.3 10
2.8
= 0.933 m
3
180 | Mechanics-1
Objective Questions (Level 1)
Single Correct Option
1. Momentum remains conserved. Decrease
aCM = 0
d
i.e.,
v
=0
dt CM
or
vCM = constant
Option (a) is correct.
3. The forces acting on the blocks would be
equal and opposite as per Newton's 3rd
law of motion. Acceleration of the blocks
will depend upon their masses as per
Newtons 2nd law of motion. Accelerations
being different velocities will be unequal.
M1
M2
6.
Velocity of separation
=e
Velocity of approach
p = p1 + p2 + p3 + ....,
shown in figure.
v1
vCM
m1
CM
v2
m2
= m1 ( v1 v CM ) + m2 ( v2 v CM )
= m1 v1 + m2 v2 ( m1 + m2 ) v CM
= ( m1 + m2 ) v CM ( m1 + m2 ) v CM
=0
v
m
B
v
C
F t = m v
m v
F=
t
5 (65 15)
=
2
= 125 N
system
v1 = + v ^i
d
C
mo
O
CM
d1
v2
mo
d
mo + mc
8
=
d
8+6
4
= d
7
4
= (1.2 1010 m)
7
= 0.64 1010 m
d1 =
Rest
Mm
9 kg
3 kg
6 kg
second
n [change in momentum per second] F
40
n
(1200 0) 144
100
144
or
or n 3
n
48
Option (a) is correct.
i.e.,
m
v
( m m)
3
=
16
93
v sin
P
+
= 8 ms 1
1
KE of 6 kg mass = 6 ( 8)2
2
= 192 J
2 m2
13. v1 =
v2
m1 + m2
v1 = 0
v2'
v1'
m2
m1
m2
m1
After collision
v cos
y
v2
= 2 v2
Option (b) is correct.
V =
Before collision
= + v ^i
U rel = v1 v2 = 01
dm
Fth = U rel
=0
dt
As, the leaving coal does not exert any
thrust force on the wagon, the speed of the
wagon wont change.
Option (a) is correct.
12. M 0 = mv + ( M m) V
^i
11. mc d1 = mo ( d d1)
mc
181
v cos
x
v cos
= m (v cos v cos ) = 0
Net change in momentum
= Change in momentum along y-axis
= m[( + v sin ) ( v sin )]
= 2 mv sin
(as = 45)
= mv 2
Option (a) is correct.
17. Velocity of ball before first impact i.e.,
182 | Mechanics-1
50 kg
P u=0
450 kg
O
50 kg
+ eg
Q
1st
450 kg
2nd
v = 0 + ( g) 1 = g
Velocity of ball after 1st impact
= ev = eg
time elapsed between 1st and 2nd impact
with the horizontal plane
( + e g) = ( + e g) + ( g) t
t = 2e
4
2
(as, e = L)
= s
3
3
Option (c) is correct.
x dm = x m dx
dm m dx
CM (boat)
50 10 + 450 5 50 ( x) + 450 ( x + 5)
=
50 + 450
50 + 450
(Initially)
x = 1m
Option (b) is correct.
20. As discussed in the answer to previous
Smooth
Smooth
2
L
Ax
L dx
L
x 3dx
x2 dx
M
3
(Initially)
(Finally)
x M +
= ML
3
3
x= L
4
L4
3
3
4
L
3
= L
4
Option (a) is correct.
L
M L
x + ML +
2
3 2
=
M
M
M+
M+
3
3
Mx +
M/3
L
(Finally)
dx
0
eg
18. xCM =
CM (boat)
10 m
21.
v
Rest
Rest
3m
Before collision
3m
After collision
mv + 3 m 0 = m 0 + 3 mu
3
L
4
u=
3
Velocity of separation
e=
Velocity of approach
u0 u
=
=
v0 v
1
=
3
Option (d) is correct.
Impulse on ball
= Change in momentum of ball
9
4
=
mv0 + mv0
20
5
5
= mv0
4
25. If a ball dropped from height h rebounds
Rest
Rest
Before collision
F'
m
B
h = e2 h
(as h = 1 m)
2n
= (0.8)
or
475 v = 500 ( ^i k)
20 ^ ^
( i k)
19
Option (c) is correct.
or
v=
53
Y
i.e.,
v0 cos 37 = v0 4
5
v0
3 v cos 53
4 0
= 9 v0
20
3v
4 0
= 0.8
before
throwing block
= Momentum of car after throwing block
+ Momentum of block
F
m
F = ma0
Acceleration of block B :
F F
aB =
m
F ma0 F
=
=
a0
m
m
37
h
64
=
h
100
a0 =
24.
u
=
u
e=
After collision
F=
t0
183
37
4
53
or
or
ma = kt
dv k
=
t
dt m
k t2
v=
+C
m 2
k t2
v=
m 2
(If at
t = 0, v = 0)
184 | Mechanics-1
Thus, graph between v and t would be
v0
Graph would be
parabolic in
nature
t0
v=
+ C
m 2
At t = 0, v = v0
k t20
C = v0 +
m 2
k 2
Thus,
v = v0 +
( t0 t2 )
2m
Thus, graph between v and t would be
Parabola
v
v0
31.
v'
m
M
v
Rest
Before collision
Just after
collision
or 8 R2 x1 = 2R2 R or 8 x1 = 2 R
R
or
x1 =
4
Option (c) is correct.
A x + A2 x2 + A3x3
29. xCM = 1 1
A1 + A2 + A3
0 = [ ( 4 R)2 R2 R2 ] x1
+ [ R2 ] 3 R + [ R2 ] 0
or
14 x1 = 3 R
3
or
x1 =
R
14
Option (d) is correct.
Final position
mv = ( M + m) v
From final position, v = 2 gh
From Eq. (i),
m
or
v = 2 gh
M+m
(i)
v = 1 +
2 gh
Rest
h
or
t0
T
T
a
m2g
m1g
m m2
= 1
g
m1 + m2
Option (b) is correct.
m
34. v = u gt + vi ln 0
m
m0
m
(neglecting gravity as given)
m
or
v = v2 ln 0 (Taking u = 0)
m
m0
or
(as vi = v)
v = v ln
m
m
log e 0 = 1
m
m0
1
= e = 2.718
m
Option (a) is correct.
or
v = u + v2 ln
v cos
2
v
v sin
2
v sin
2
/2
2m
/2
v
v cos
2
= + v sin v sin
2
2
= 2 v sin
2
Common velocity ( V ) after collision
mv cos + mv cos = 2 mV
2
2
V = v cos
2
Option (d) is correct.
37. v sin 53 = u sin 37
185
u sin 37
u cos 37
v cos 53
v
v sin 53
53
37
Floor
Jet of water
Water flow
mu m
=
=
u
t
t
kg
= 0.5
1ms 1
s
= 0.5 N
Option (c) is correct.
4
3
=u
5
5
3
i.e.,
v= u
4
Impulse exerted on floor
= [Change in momentum of ball]
= [( mv cos 53 ) ( + mu cos 37 )]
= m [v cos 53 + u cos 37 ]
v
3
3
4
= m u +u
5
5
4
5
= mu
4
5
= 1 5 = 6.25 Ns
4
186 | Mechanics-1
x = Displacement of boat
x 40 + (1 + x) 15 = 2 40 + 1 15
i.e.,
x = 1.46 m
(The frictional forces on the boat by the
boy and that by the boy on the boat are
internal forces).
M
x'
a = cot
h
41.
Mg
M
m
X
Mg
a
mx + M ( x + x ) = Ma + Mx
m
mx + Mx = ma or x =
a
M+m
m h cot
=
M+m
2 cm
D
M
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
M
A
M
falls very close to
5
mortar, its velocity after explosion must
be u.
As piece of mass
Shell A
u (say)
M
or
ta
r
Y
M
v=
m v1 + m v2 + m v 3
m+m+m
1
= [ v1 + v2 + v 3 ]
3
1
^
= [v0 ^i + ( 3v0 ^j ) + (5v0 k)]
3
v
^
= 0 [ ^i 3 ^j + 5 k ]
3
Option (d) is correct.
R/2
After explosion
path of M/5 part
2M
D+C
R/2
Shell
4M
5
B
R/2
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
3R/4
yCM
2(4M ) + 1( M ) + 3 (+ M )
=
= 2.5 cms
4M + ( M ) + (+ M )
20 and 19.
Thus, Mu =
i.e.,
M
4M
( u) +
(v)
5
5
3
v= u
2
2m
D=
+
=
2
4
4
Option (c) is correct.
3
times the
2
v1 = 0
A m
1
1
mv22 m v2
2
3
2
=
1
2
mv2
2
1 1
= 2 18
1
2
8
=
9
v2'
m
B 2m
m2 = m
187
2m
m1 = 2m
m 2m
v2
m + 2m
1
v2
3
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
1. To answer this question, let us find the
Y
L
4L A2
xCM
L
P
A1
2L
O
2L
4L
A x + A2 x2
= 1 1
A1 + A2
=
36L3 + 8 L3
12L2 + 8 L2
44 L3
20L2
a1
a2
2m
F1
= 2.2 L
Similarly yCM = 2.2 L
ma1 + 2ma2
m + 2m
F1 + ( F F1)
=
3m
F
=
3m
aCM =
188 | Mechanics-1
As F is constant, the value of aCM will
remain constant (Reason).
As CM is accelerated the velocity of CM
will obviously increase (Assertion).
Option (a) is correct.
3. As per assertion if force is applied on a
(In magnitude)
(KE) gun
Mass of bullet
=
(KE) bullet
Mass of gun
(as given under Reason)
This is what is given in Assertion.
Thus, both Assertion and Reason are true
and also reason is the correct explanation
of the assertion.
Option (a) is correct.
7. As no net external force is acting there on
i.e.,
p1 + p2 = 0
p1 = p2
(i)
Assertion is false.
Option (d) is correct.
9. Reason is true as explained in the answer
p
KE =
as given is Reason which is
2m
true.
Option (d) is correct.
11. As no external force would be acting on
v1
m1
A
B
Before collision
and v2 =
v2'
v1'
m2
m1
A
B
After collision
m2 m1
2m1
v2 +
v1
m1 + m2
m1 + m2
v2 v1
m m1 2m2
2m1 m1 + m2
= 2
v2 +
v1
m1 + m2
m1 + m2
= v2 + v1
= (v2 v1)
i.e., v 21 = v21
i.e., relative velocity of A w.r.t. B after
collision
= (relative velocity of A w.r.t. B before
collision)
Reason is true and Assertion is false.
Option (d) is correct.
13. As explained in the answer to question no.
x1
189
x2
m1
CM
m2
m1x1 = m2 x2
x2 m1
=
x1 m2
x2 > x1 as m2 > m1
Reason is true.
Option (d) is correct.
14. F =
dp
dt
a=
F
m
Reason is true.
p
change of momentum i.e., d of each mass
dt
will be same. Second equation tells that if
190 | Mechanics-1
Objective Questions (Level 2)
Single Correct Option
1. m1v1 + m 0 = m 5 g l + m1
v1
3
= cos 1
or
3
4
dp
v2
v1
dm
m1
m
Rest
v1
u = 5gl
v1/3
2 v1
= m 5g l
3
3 m
v1 =
5g l
2 m1
2m
H
m
v
u
2
2
0 = v2 + 2 ( g) H
v2
H=
2g
v=
or
or
or
= 2v dm sin
M
= 2v
( R d) sin
R
2M v
=
sin d
/2 2Mv
p=
sin d
0
2M v
=
[cos ] 0 / 2
2M v
2Mv
=
[0 1] =
(u / 2)2
2g
u2
8g
2g l
H=
8g
=
l
l (1 cos ) =
4
1
1 cos =
4
v1
dl
2. mu = 2mv
u = 2gl Rest
m1
dm
kx0
kx0
or
or
or
or
v=
k
x0
2m
2mv = 2 mk x0
Fav t = 2 mk x0
Fav =
2 mk
t
x0
4 p = 1(1 p)
1
p= m
5
Displacement ( x) of bar when pendulum
becomes vertical
x
= sin
p
45
x = p sin
1
1
m = 0.1 m
= sin 30=
5
10
When the ball reaches the other extreme
end the bar will further shift to the left by
distance x and as such the net
displacement of the bar will be 2x i.e.,
0.2 m.
Option (b) is correct.
45
A
s=
2 g
(2)2
= 1m
=
2 0.2 10
1
1
PQ = OP = OA 2 =
2= m
2 2
2
1 1
OP + PQ = + = 1 m
2 2
Striker will stop at point Q where
1
1
co-ordinates are
,
.
2 2 2
Option (a) is correct.
6. As no force is acting on the system along
7.
p
ep
Floor During
first
collision
ep
e2p
During
Second
collision
e 2p
e 3p
During
third
collision
Floor
1 e
1 e
Option (d) is correct.
8. Let F be the frictional force applied by
CM
191
1 kg
x
x
4 kg
CM
mu2 = Fh
2
If plate was free to move
mu + 0 = ( M + m) u
m
u =
u
M+m
1
1
New KE of bullet = mu2 ( M + m) u2
2
2
(entering plate)
192 | Mechanics-1
2
1
1
mu2 ( M + m)
u
2
2
M + m
1
m 1
M
2
= mu2 1
= mu
2
M
+
m
2
M
+ m
(ii)
= Fh
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i),
h
M
=
h M+m
M
i.e.,
h =
h
M + m
3 m1 = m2
m1 1
=
m2 3
or
45
v1 = 2gs = 10 ms1
v2'
Rest
Now, v1 =
1+ e
v2
2
u cos 45 + v cos 45 = v
i.e.,
u = v ( 2 1)
Total energy released
1
1
1
1
= mv2 + mv2 + mv2 + m [v( 2 1)] 2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
= mv [3 + ( 2 1) ] = mv2 [3 2 ]
2
Option (a) is correct.
(entering plase)
10 =
13.
b l2 bL l L2 b
yCM = l
+
+
2
2
6
according
l=
bL
bl +
to question
2
mg
L l2 L l L2
or
l l + =
+
+
2 2
2
6
l2 L2
mg
or
=
2
6
A
L
or
l=
3
11.
m1 v m1
1
A
B v2
3rd
1+ e
16
2
1
i.e.,
e=
4
Option (b) is correct.
l
1
L
( l b) + L b l +
2
2
3
10. yCM =
1
( l b) + L b
2
1st
4th
mg
v2
(i)
mg
2mg
2mg
2mg
2mg
C
mg
B
C
A
mg
C
mg
2 mg
mg
2 mg
193
m A
u u u
= : : = 3 :3 :2
2 2 3
Option (b) is correct.
14.
Place of
collision
time = t (say)
CM
3m
w
h/2
h/2
2m
30
v cos 30
Motion of B :
h
h 1 h
=v
g
2
g
2 g
vCM = v cos 30
3
=v
2
Option (a) is correct.
15. r CM = i
i.e.,
h=v
v=
vB =
= 3 ^i + 2 ^j 4 k
r CM =
m1 r1
r2 =
+
m1 + m2
( m1 + m2 ) r CM
m2
m1 r1
= ^j + 2 k
The heavier part will be at (0, 1, 2).
Option (d) is correct.
16. Motion of A :
i.e.,
t=
h
g
h
=0
g
gh g
gh
Rest
2m
m + 2m
m gh = 3 m
gh
=
3
Velocity of the combined mass when it
reach ground
v 2 = 2 + 2 gh
gh
=
+ 2 gh
g
19 gh
i.e.,
v =
3
Option (d) is correct.
2
^
2 i (3 ^i + 2 ^j 4 k)
3
=
4
3
1 ^
^
= [6 i 2 (3 ^i + 2 ^j 4 k)]
4
1
^
= [ 4 ^j + 8 k ]
4
^
h 1 2
= gt , v A (at time t) = g t =
2 2
gh
m2 r2
h
g
gh
v=
3
Work done = KE gained by man and cart
1
1
= m (u + v)2 + 2 mv2
2
2
194 | Mechanics-1
2
1
u
1
u
m u + 2 m
3
2
3
2
1
4u2 1
u2
= m
+ 2m
2
3
2
9
2mu2 mu2
=
+
3
9
7
= mu2
9
Option (d) is correct.
30 m + 50 m
18. vCM =
m+m
1
mv2
2
= 2 mv2
3
mv2
2
3 p2
=
2m
Option (c) is correct.
=
4m
CM
= 40 m/s upwards.
30 m/s
4m
CM
x
a
a
2 = ( 4 m) x + ( m) a
4m + 4m
4m + m
( 4 m) x + ( 4 m)
Initial position of CM
40 m
20 m
x a 4x + a
+ =
2 4
5
a
i.e.,
x=
6
Option (b) is correct.
or
50 m/s
s = 80 m
Maximum height attained by CM
= 20 m + 80 m
= 100 m
Option (c) is correct.
40
20
10
a
a
Fig. 1
50
O
A
B
Before collision
2v
2v
A
B
After collision
a
x
a
Fig. 2
a
3a
+ 50
2
2
=
40 + 50
20a + 75a
=
90
95a 19 a
=
=
90
18
40
xCM
In terms of velocity
A
B
Before collision
40
2p
In terms of momentum
y
a
20
m
R
3a
a
40
+ 50
2
2
=
40 + 50
There is no
need to find
17 a
18
Option (a) is correct.
195
v
m0 0 sin 45 = 2 m0 v sin
2
v
i.e.,
(i)
2 v sin = 0
2
Conservation of momentum along x-axis.
v0/2
Rest
m/22
m/2n 1
1st
2nd
3rd
nth
2m0
2m0
v
v
m0 0 cos 45 + 2 m0 v cos = m0v0
2
v
i.e.,
(ii)
2 v cos = 0
2
Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
v
2v = 0 2
2
v
v= 0
2 2
Option (b) is correct.
1
1
23. kx20 = m2v22
2
2
k
i.e.,
v2 = x0
m2
m 0 + m2v2
vCM = 1
m1 + m2
v2 = v
Rest
v2'
v1'
m2 = m
m1 = m/2
45
x
m0
m/2
v1 =
m0
v0
2m2
2m
4
v2 =
v= v
m
m1 + m2
3
+m
2
Rest
v2'
3
m1 = m
4
m
2
2m2
2 4v
v1 =
v2 =
m m 3
m1 + m2
+
4
2
4 4
= v
3 3
2
4
= v
3
31
4
Velocity of 3rd ball =
v
3
m2
4
As in every collision
=
m1 + m2 3
n1
4
The velocity of nth ball =
v
3
v = 5 gr
3
n1
3
i.e.,
v =
5 gr
4
v1'
3
196 | Mechanics-1
25. Impulse given to the block will also
5cm
6.7 cm
F
F
6.7 cm
3 m/s
6.7 cm
Average Acceleration ( a)
kx
=
=
2m
5
4000
100
22
= 50 m/s2
5
m
100
v2 = u2 + 2as
Displacement ( s) = x =
= 22 + 2 50
5
100
= 4+5
=9
v = 3 ms 1
Option (b) is correct.
26. Compression in spring Velocity gained
M1= 8 m
2v
27.
(M + s)
48 m
M2= 16 m
2v
B
6L
12 L
v
relative
2
197
20L 20L
=
=
= 20T
v
L/ T
= 20 4 = 80 s
31. Form CM not to shift
v
24 m + vR + 48 m vR = 0
2
8L
x'
vR =
6
Option (c) is correct.
30. Time taken by spider to reach point A
M+S
48 m
48 m
( x + 8 L) 24 m + ( x + 6L) 48 m
= 64 48 m
8L
i.e., x =
3
Option (a) is correct.
v
2
i.e.,
2 V sin =
v
2 2
m
v
m
Rest
2m
(i)
v/2
45
2m
L
Along horizontal :
v
mv = m cos 45 + 2mV cos
2
1
i.e.,
(ii)
2 V cos = v 1
2 2
Squaring and adding Eq. (i)and (ii),
2
2
v
v
8 V 2 =
+ v
2 2
2 2
2
v2
v
v
=
+ v2 +
2v
8
7
2 2
5v2 v2
=
4
2
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i)
1
2
2
tan =
2 21
2 2
1
< 1
2 21
< 45
Thus, the divergence angle between the
2
32
8 2
4
As Final KE < Initial KE
Collision is inelastic.
Option (d) is correct.
m m1
2. v2 = 2
v2
m1 + m2
v2
v1 = 0
m2 = m
m1 = 5m
v2'
m 5m
v2
5m + m
2
= v2
3
2
=
2g l
3
=
v1'
198 | Mechanics-1
mv 22
= mg
l
mv 2
or
T=
+ mg
l
m8g
=
+ mg
9
17 mg
=
9
Option (a) is correct.
Velocity of block
2m2
v1 =
v2
m1 + m2
2m
=
2g l
5m + m
1
=
2g l
3
Option (c) is correct.
Maximum height attained by pendulum
bob
v 2 8 g l / 9 4 l
= 2 =
=
2g
2g
g
u
= mv sin e +
v
= mu sin (1 + e)
Option (d) is correct.
u 1 (1 e2 ) sin2
= u 1 sin2 + e2 sin2
= u cos2 + e2 sin2
= u cos2 +
= v2 cos2 + v2 sin2
=v
Option (c) is correct.
cos2 + e2 sin2
tan2
= cos2 +
sin2
tan2
= cos2 (1 + tan2 )
= cos2 sec2
cos2
=
cos2
v sin
v
v cos
4. u = (3 i + 2 j) ms 1
u sin
v sin
u sin
cos sin
=
cos sin
tan
=
tan
Option (b) is correct.
Change in momentum of particle
= ( mv sin ) ( + mu sin )
Impulse delivered by floor to the particle
= mv sin + mu sin
sin u
= mv sin
+
sin v
and
Final KE
v2
=
2
Initial KE
u
v2
sin2
u2
= u2 cos2 + v2 sin2
u cos
u
v
e=
u
mM
v = (2 ^i + ^j) m/s
m
= mu + mv
= m (3 ^i + 2 ^j) + m( 2 ^i + ^j)
= m (5 ^i + ^j) unit
Option (b) is correct.
Impulse received by particle of mass M
= (impulse received by particle of
mass m)
= m (5 ^i + ^j)
Option (d) is correct.
and
m2 g T = m2 a
m2
Solving,
a=
g
m1 + m2
a
m1
T
T
m2
y
m2g
m1a + m2 0
m1 + m2
m1
=
a
m1 + m2
m1m2
=
g
( m1 + m2 )2
( aCM ) x =
3
mv2
16
Option (c) is correct.
=
m
=
g
m1 + m2
v1 = 0
v2'
v1'
m2
m1
m1
m2
A
B
Before collision
199
1 + e
v1 =
v
2 2
3
1
= v [as e = and v2 = v (given)]
4
2
v
2
Impulse given by A to B
= change in momentum of B
3
= m v m 0
4
3
= mv
4
Option (b) is correct.
Velocity of A after collision
1 e
v2 =
v
2 2
v
=
4
Loss of KE during collision
1
1
= mv22 m(v 21 + v 22 )
2
2
2
2
1
v
3v
= m v2
4
4
2
A
B
After collision
g
dt m dt
The value of a will remain constant if vi
dm
and
are constant.
dt
Option (c) is correct.
Fnet = Ft (Thrust force due to gas ejection)
W (weight of rocket)
F
a = net
m
Thus, Newtons 2nd law is applied.
Option (d) is correct.
200 | Mechanics-1
Match the Columns
1. If x0 is the compression made in the
2. Initial aCM =
m ( + g) + m ( + g)
m+m
u=0
2nd particle
180 m
+
mA
mB
20 ms1
1st particle
B
m
x0
kx0
kx0
=+g
= + 10 SI unit
(a) (q)
Initial vCM =
m ( 20) + m 0
m+m
= 10
|vCM|= 10 SI unit
(b) (q)
For the time taken by the first particle to
return to ground
1
s = ut + at2
2
0 = ( 20) t + 5t2
t=4s
Now, as the collision of the first particle
with the ground is perfectly inelastic, the
first particle will remain on ground at
rest.
Now, let us find the position of 2nd
particle at t = 5 s
1
s = (0) 5 + (10) 52
2
= 125 m
The particle (2nd) will still be in space
moving downwards.
m 0 + m g
aCM =
m+m
g
(SI unit)
= =5
2
(c) (p)
Velocity of 2nd particle at t = 5 s
v = 0 + 10 5
= 50 ms 1
m 0 + m 50
=
m+m
(SI unit)
= 25
(d) (s)
3. Initial KE of block B = 4 J
A
m = 0.5 kg
0.5 u2 = 4
2
u = 4 ms 1
Initial momentum of B = 0.5 4
= 2 kg ms 1
(a) (r)
Initial momentum
pCM = pA + pB
=0+2
= 2 kg ms 1
(b) (r)
Velocity given to block B will compress the
spring and this will gradually increase the
velocity of A. When the spring gets
compressed to its maximum both the
blocks will have the same velocities i.e.,
same momentum as both have same mass.
pA = pB
(at maximum compression of the spring)
But, pA + pB = initial momentum of B.
pA + pA = 2
i.e.,
pA = 1 kgms 1
(c) (q)
After the maximum compression in the
spring, the spring will gradually expand
but now the velocity of block A will
increase and that of B will decrease and
when the spring attains maximum
expansion the velocity of B will be zero
and so will be its momentum.
(d) (p)
4. If collision is elastic, the two blocks will
201
(a) (r)
If collision is perfectly inelastic, the two
balls will move together (with velocities V).
mv = ( m + m) V
v
V =
2
(b) (s)
1
If collision is inelastic with e = ,
2
1+ e
v1 =
v2
2
1
1+
2 v [Qv = v (given)]
=
2
2
3
= v
4
(c) (p)
1
If collision is inelastic with e = ,
4
1
1 +
4 v = 5 v
v1 =
2
8
(d) (q).
5. If A moves x towards right
A
B
50 kg
C 30 kg
60 kg
Smooth
=0
30 + (60 + 30)
x
i.e.,
x =
3
x
= , towards left.
3
(a) (r)
If B moves x towards left
Let plank (along with A) move x to the
left
x 60 + x (30 + 30)
=0
60 + (30 + 30)
i.e.,
x = x
= x, towards right
202 | Mechanics-1
(b) (p)
If A moves x towards right and B moves x
towards left.
Let plank moves x towards right
30 x + 60 ( x) + 30 ( x )
=0
30 + (60) + (30)
i.e., x = x
= x, towards right
(c) (p)
If A and B both move x towards right.
Let plank moves x towards right
(30 + 60) x + 30x
=0
(30 + 60) + 30
i.e.,
x = 3 x
= 3x, towards right
(d) (s)
6. For man to be in equilibrium
1
T1
T1
T1
N
T1
T2
T2
m1
N
T2
T2
m2g
m1g
(i)
N + T1 = W
For the block of mass m1 to be in
quilibrium
(ii)
T2 = N + m1 g
For the block of mass m2 to be in
quilibrium
(iii)
T2 = m2 g
For the equilibrium of pulley 2
(iv)
T1 = 2T2
Solving Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
W = 3 m2 g m1 g
= (3 m2 m1) g
= (60 10) 10
= 500 N
(a) (r)
For the equilibrium of man
N = W T1
= W 2T2
= W 2 ( N + m1 g)
i.e.,
3 N = W 2m1 g
N = 100 N
(d) (s)
Force exerted by man on string to
accelerate the centre of mass of the system
upwards
Centre of mass of the system will move
upwards if man move upward.
i.e., when
T1 > W N
> 500 10
> 400 N
Options are 500 N and 600 N.
(b) (r) and (s).
3 kg
6 kg
2
ms 1
3
When both the blocks move with same
velocity (say v) deformation in the spring
will be maximum
2 3 = 3v + 6 v
2
i.e.,
v = ms 1
3
= velocity of A
= velocity of B
=
2
2
3 +6
3
3
=
3+6
2
= ms 1
3
8. vCM =
203
2 5 + 1 ( 10)
2+1
= 0 ms 1
+ ive
Rough
1 kg
5 ms1
10 ms1
2 kg
Smooth
(a) (r)
Momentum of CM = 2 ( + 5) + 1 ( 10)
= 0 kg ms 1
(b) (r)