Tugas Aljabar

Linear

Jayapura , 3 Juni 2012

Agustinus D. Pandin
Charoline A.S
Dewi P . Sari
Indryani Patasik
Radian J. Situmeang
V i n c e n t i n a N . T. P. W
Yakomina

LATIHAN 7.1
5. Carilah nilai eigen dari matriks berikut:

C.

2 0
1
6 2 0
19 5 4

Jawab :

A=

2 0
1
6 2 0
19 5 4

Langkah 1 : untuk mencari nilai eigen.

[ ] [
[ ][ ]
[
]

.I A =

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

2 0
1
6 2 0
19 5 4

0 0 2 0
1
0 0 6 2 0
0 0
19 5 4

+2
0
1
6 +2
0
19 5 + 4

Det( .I A ) =

+2
0
1
6 +2
0
19 5 +4

+4
+ 2 )(-19)+(
=(( + 2 )( + 2 )
)+(0)(0)(-19)+(-1)(6)(-5)) ((-1)(
+ 2 )(0)(-5)+(0)(6)( + 4 ))
+4
+ 2 ) (19) (0) (0) )
=( ( + 2 ) ( + 2 )
) + (0) + (30) ) ( (

+4
+ 2 ) (19) + 30
= ( +2 ) ( +2 )
)-(
=(
=

2
3

+4 +4) ( +4) - 19

+4

+ 16

+8

=(

+ 1) ( + 8 ) = 0

- 38 +30

+4

+ 16 -19

+8

1= 1 d an 2=8
1 merupakan akar imaginer, maka

Karena

Sehingga, nilai eigen dari matriks A adalah

1 diabaikan

=8

Langkah 2 : Untuk mencari vektor eigen.

=8

Untuk
Ax =

Ax = -8x

][ ] [ ]

2 0
1 x1
6 2 0 x 2
19 5 4 x 3

-2 X1
-6 X1 2 X2

= -8

+ X3 = -8 X1
= -8 X2

19 X1 + 5 X2 - 4 X3 = -8 X3
Missal :
X1 = t

x1
x2
x3

6 X1

+ X3

-6 X1 + 6 X2

=0
=0

19 X1 + 5 X2 + 4 X3 = 0

X1 = X2 , X 2 = t
X3 = -8X1 + 2X1
= -8t + 2t
X3 = -6t

Jadi,

[] [ ] [ ]
x1
x2
x3

t
t
6 t

=t

1
1
6

Vektor eigen dari matriks diatas adalah

[]
1
1
6

LATIHAN 8.4
3. Anggap T :

P2

P2 adalah operartor linear yang didefinisikan oleh

T (a0 + a1x + a2x2) = a0 + a1(x-1) + a2(x-1)2

a)
b)

Cari matriks untuk T berkenaan dengan basis standar B= {1,x,x 2} untuk P2 .

Tunjukan bahwa matriks [T]B yang diperoleh pada bagian (a) memenuhi
Rumus (5a) untuk setiap vector X= a0 + a1x + a2x2 pada P2

JAWAB :
a) B= {1,x,x2}
T (a0 + a1x + a2x2) = a0 + a1(x-1) + a2(x-1)2
T(1) = 1
T(x) = x-1
T(x2) = (x-1)2 = x2-2x+1

[T(1)]B =

[T(x)]B =

[T(x2)]B =

[]
[]
[]
1
0
0

1
1
0

1
2
1

[T]B =

1 1 1
0 1 2
0 0
1

b) X = a0 + a1x + a2x2 , B={1,x,x2}

[X(1)]B = a0
[X(x)]B = a1
[X(x2)]B = a2

[]
a0
a1
a2

[X]B =

[T]B [X]B = [T(X)]B

=> [T]B [X]B

][ ] [

1 1 1 a0
0 1 2 a 1
0 0
1 a2

[T]B [X]B =

a0a1+ a2
a1 2a 2
a2

[ ]
a0a1+a2
a1 2a 2
a2

<= [T(X)]B
T(X) = T(a0+a1x+a2x2) = a0 + a1(x-1) + a2(x-1)2
= a0 + a1(x-1) + a2(x2-2x+1)
= a0 + a1x a1 + a2x2-a2x+a2
= (a0-a1+a2) + (a1-a2)x + (a2)x2
[T(X)(1)]B = a0-a1+a2
[T(X)(x)]B = a1-a2
[T(X)(x2)]B = a2

[T(X)]B =

6. Anggap T :
,

x2 -

x1 ,

[ ]
a0a1+a2
a1 2a 2
a2

x1 -

x 3 ).

didefiniskan oleh T(

x 1,

x 2,

x3 ) = ( x1 -

x2

a. carilah matrik untuk T berkenaan dengan basis B = {v 1, v2, v3}, di mana

v1 = (1, 0, 1),

v2 = (0, 1, 1),

v3 =(1, 1, 0)

b. Tunjukkan bahwa rumus (5a) berlaku untuk setiap vektor X (

x 3 ) dalam

x 1,

R3 .

Jawab :
a) T : R3 R3

[] [ ]
X1
X2
X3

T(X1, X2, X3) = (X1- X2, X2-X1, X1-X3) => T

B = { V1, V2, V3 },

V1=

[]
1
0
1

, V2=

B = {(1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0)}

[]
0
1
1

, V3=

[]
1
1
0

[] [ ] [ ] [ ]
1
0
1

T (V1) = T

X 1X 2
X 2X 1
X 1X 3

10
01
11

1
1 = V1 + V2 + V3
0

[] [ ] [ ] [ ]
0
1
1

T (V2) = T

T(V3)= T

X 1X 2
X 2X 1
X 1X 3

X 1X 2
X 2X 1
X 1X 3

01
10
01

1
1
1

[] [ ] [ ] []
1
1
0

Diperoleh :

X 1X 2
X 2X 1
X 1X 3

11
11
10

= V1 + V2 + V3

0
0 = V1 + V2 + V3
1

x 2,

T (V1) =

[]
[]

1
1 =
0

1
1 =
0

21

11

31

31

31

11

11

*)

21

21

11

31
31

v1 +

11

11

[]
1
0
1

v2 +

31

v3

[]
0
1
1

21

31

= -1 (2)

31
21

=0

(3)

=1

(1)

=0

(3)

21

= 1 (4)

21

= 1 (4)

21

= -1 (2)

=2

= -1

11

21

=0

(3)

Jadi,

T (V2) =

11

-1=0

11

=1

1+

[T (V 1) ] B =

[]
1
1
1

==

*)

(1)

[]
1
1
0

= 1 (1)

21

21

31

=0

[]
1
1
0

21

[]
1
0
1

22

[] []
0
1 +
1

23

1
1
0

11

31

=1

31

=1

-2

21

22

21

21

21

23

23

23

(6)

22

= -1

(7)

23

=-1

(5)

22

= -1

(7)

=0
=0

T (V3) =

[]
0
0
1

22

1
2

21

[T (V 2) ]

23

(8)
(6)

=1

Jadi,

(8)

(9)

1
2

=1

= -1

1
2

21

23

22

23

(5)

22

22

*)

22

=-1

22

23

23

31

22

= -1

(7)

= -1

21

B=

3
2

[]
3
2
1
2
1
2

[] [] []
1
0 +
1

32

0
1 +
1

33

1
1
0

22

(9)

31

32

31

31

31

33

33

33

-2

*)

32

32

33

=0

(11)

32

=1

(12)

33

=0 (10)

32

=1 (12)

= -1 (13)

32

= -1 (13)

32

= -1

1
2

33 = -

(10)

33

32

=0

32

1
2

= 0 (11)

33

1
2

=0
33

(11)

*)

1
2

=0

31 =

1
2

32

31

=1
31

=1

(12)

[T (V 3) ]

Jadi,

B=

[]
1
2
1
2
1
2

[ ]
1

matirks representasinya adalah

3
2
1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2
1
2

b.) [T]B [X]B = [T(X)]B

[ ][ ]

[T]B [X]B

x1 x2 +x 3
2
x1 +x 2 +x 3
2
x1 + x 2x 3
2

1
2
1
2
1
2

3
2
1
1
2
1
0
2
1

[]
a11
a12
a13

( x x2 + x ) 32 ( x +2x +x ) 12 ( x + x2 x )
( x x2 + x ) ( 3 x 34x 3 x ) ( x + x4 x )
( 2 x 24x +2 x ) ( 3 x 34x 3 x ) ( x + x4 x )

6 x 14 x 22 x3
4

3
1
x x 2 x
2 1
2 3

a11 =

+
3

a12 = -1

x1x 2 + x 3
2

x 1 + x 2x 3
2

1
2

x 1 + x 2+x 3
2

x 1 + x 2+ x 3
4

1
2

x1 + x 2x 3
4

(
) (
) (
)
( 2 x +24x 2 x ) ( x +4x + x ) ( x + x4 x )
1
1
x +x x
( 2 x + 44x 2 x )
2
2
x + x + x
x + x x
1
1
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
2
x + x +x
x + x x
( 4 ) ( 4 )

x 1x 1+ x2x 2 + x 3 + x3
4

2 x1 +2 x 3
4

a13 =

1
1
x + x3
2 1 2

[ ][ ]
[ ]

Jadi, [T]B [X]B =

3
2
1
1
2
1
0
2

3
1
x x x
2 1 2 2 3
1
1
x + x 2 x
2 1
2 3
1
1
x + x3
2 1 2

= -

=-

1
2
1
2
1
2

x1 x2 + x 3
2
x1 + x 2 + x 3
2
x1 + x 2x 3
2

[]
a11
a12
a13

x1 + x 2x 3
2

 [T(X)]B

T(X) =T

([ ]) [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
x1
x2
x3

=T

x 1x 2
x 2x 1
x 1x 3

=a

a+c=

x 1x 2

(i)

b+c=

x 2x 1

(ii)

a+b=

x 1x3

(iii)

a+c=

x 1x 2

(i)

b+c=

x 2x 1

(ii)

ab=

2 x 12 x 2

(iv)

ab=

2 x 12 x 2

(iv)

a+b=

x 1x3

(iii) +

2a= 3x1-2x2-x3
a=

3 x 12 x 2x 3
2

a + b = x 1 x3

(iii)

3
1
x x 2 x
b = x 1 x3 ( 2 1
2 3 )

1
0
1

+b

0
1
1

+c

1
1
0

b=

2 x1
2

b=

1
1
x + x 2 x
2 1
2 3

b+c=

c=

c=

2 x3
2

3 x1
2

x 2x 1

Jadi, [T(X)]B =

(ii)

x 2x 1 - (
2
x
2 2

2 x2
2

1
2
2
x
2 1

[]
a
b
c

x1 + x 2

1
x
2 1

1
2

x3 )

x2

[ ]
3
1
x x 2 x
2 1
2 3
1
1
x + x 2 x
2 1
2 3
1
1
x + x3
2 1 2

1
x
2 3

x3
2