B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NNG LM TP. H CH MINH

KHOA: C KH CNG NGH

TI TT NGHIP

Thit K, Ch To Bng Ti ai ng Dng Trong Vn Chuyn

Phn Vi Sinh

GVHD: PGS.TS TRN TH THANH

LNG

Thng 07/2008

SVTH: DUY

 c th vn dng nhng kin thc c trao di cng nh hon

thnh tt chuyn tt nghip ny, trc tin, em xin cm n trng H Nng
Lm Tp H Ch Minh, BCN khoa C Kh, cc thy c ging dy em trong v
ngoi khoa c kh.
Em xin chn thnh cm n c Trn Th Thanh PGS.TS. Trng khoa C
Kh, trng H Nng Lm Tp HCM tn tnh du dt v truyn t kin thc
gip em hon thnh tt ti.
Trong sut thi gian thc tp ti Phn Xng Sau Thu Hoch ca Khoa
C Kh, em nhn c s gip tn tnh ca anh ch v cc bn trong lp
DH04CC. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n anh ch cho em nhng kinh
nghim qu bu v nhng kin thc hu ch gip em thc hin tt chuyn tt
nghip ny.
Vi mt thi gian ngn tip xc thc t sn xut, qu trnh hon thnh
chuyn tt nghip s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, knh mong nhn c
s gp v thng cm ca qu thy c.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Tp H Ch Minh, thng 7 nm 2008

SV DUY
LNG

TM TT
THIT K, CH TO BNG TI AI NG DNG TRONG VN
CHUYN PHN VI SINH
Nng sut bng ti ai 10 tn/gi.
Chiu di bng ti ai 4 m.
Chiu cao nng H = 0,8 m.
Ch lm vic 1 ca. Thi gian phc v 5 nm, mi nm lm vic 350 ngy.
Cc thng s c bn ca bng ti ai:
Loi bng vi cao su.
Vn tc bng v = 0,4 m/s.
Chiu rng bng Bp = 400 mm.
S lp m trong bng i = 3 lp.
B dy bng = 9 mm.
Cc thng s tnh ton ti trng, lc ko:
Trng lng n v: qb = 2,75 kG.
Trng lng vt liu c ch trn mt n v di ca bng:

qvl = 6,94

kG.
Trng lng con ln trn mt di nhnh khng ti: q cl0 = 1,7 kG.
Din tch mt ct ngang ca lp vt liu trn bng: F0 = 0,0124 m2.
Chiu cao lp vt liu trn bng: h = 51,7 mm.
Lc cn trn nhnh khng ti: Wkt = 2,81 kG.
Lc cn trn nhnh c ti: W3-4 = 26,85 kG.
Lc cn ca thanh gt: Wtg = 7,5 kG.
Tng lc cn trn nhnh c ti: Wct = 34,35 kG.
Lc cng nhnh vo: Svo = 170,60 kG.
Lc cng nhnh ra: Sra = 124,53 kG.
vng bng trn nhnh khng ti: f = 0,01 m.

 Lc ko WT = 60,84 kG.
Cc kt qu tnh cc b phn lm vic:
ng knh tang Dtg = 160 mm.
S vng quay trong mt pht ca tang: n = 48,7 vg/pht.
T s truyn ca b truyn it = 29,7.
Cng sut cn thit ca ng c: N = 0,6 kW.
ng c in 3 pha c hp gim tc cng sut nh mc 1 kW.
Lc ko cng bng: Sc = 314,16 kG.
Chm ko cng 2 vt chu nn M20.
Cc thng s ca b truyn xch:
T s truyn ix = 1.
S rng a xch dn l Z = 25.
Cng sut tnh ton ca b truyn xch l Nt = 0,98 kW.
Bc xch t = 19,05 mm.
S vng quay gii hn n = 1350 vg/ ph.
Khong cch trc ca b truyn xch: A = 751,5 mm.
S mt xch X = 85 mt.
ng knh vng chia a xch: dc = 152 mm.
Lc tc dng ln trc R = 1890 N.
Cc s liu v mng cp liu:
Mng cp liu c th tch cha l 0,86 m3
Chiu di thnh trn 1,5 m, y di 1,2 m.
Chiu rng trn l 1,1 m, chiu rng di l 0,46 m
Chiu cao thng l 0,65 m

Summarize
DESIGN, MANUFACTURE BELT CONVEYOR FOR TRANSPORTING
MANURE MICROORGANISM
Productivity of the belt conveyor 10 ton/hour
Length of belt conveyor is 4 m
Hight to raise H = 0,8 m
Working regulations is 1 shift. The period working is 5 years, working of one
year is 350 day.
Parameters basic of the belt conveyor:
Belt is canvas rubber
Speed of driving belt v = 0,4 m/s
Width of belt Bp = 400 mm.
Number of buffer in belt i = 3
Thick of belt = 9 mm
Parameters worked out of loading capacity, force:

Weigth unit: qb = 2,75 kG

Weigth useful of materials on the unit length belt qvl = 6.94 kG

Weigth of the belt conveyor roller on the unit length without loading
capacity q cl0 = 1,7 kG

Area cross face of class materials on belt F0 = 0,0124 m2

Hight of class material on belt h = 51,7 mm

Resistance force on without load Wkt = 2,81kG

Resistance force on load W3-4 = 26,85 kG

Resistance force of crapper W tg = 7,5 kG

Sum resistance force on length with loading Wct = 34,35 kG

Extensive force on segment the belt go in Svo = 170,60 kG

Extensive force on segment the belt go out Sra = 124,53 kG

The hammock of belt on length without loading f = 0,01 m

Accelerating force WT = 60,84 kG

Result working part for work:

Diameter threshing cylinder Dtg = 160 mm
Revolutions/revs per minute of threshing cylinder n = 48,7 revolution/ revs
per minute
Ratio transmit general it = 29,7
Power necessary of motor N = 0,6 kW
Electric motor 3 phase have included gearbox with rated motor power 1
kW
Extensive force Sc = 314,16 kG
Station pull extensive 2 crew M20
Parameters of transmit chain:
Ratio transmit ix = 1
Number gears on the disc chain
Power work out for transmit chain Nt = 0,98 kW
Chain pitch t = 19,05 mm
Revoletions limit n = 1350 revolution/ revs per minute
Distance axis of transmit chain A = 571,5 mm
Number links of chain X = 85 link
Diameter round to split disc chain dc = 152 mm
Force effect on axis R = 1890 N
Tank supply raw materials have volume 0,86 m3. Length of edge on is 1,5 m.
Length of edge bottom is 1,2 m. Width of edge on is 1,1 m. Width of edge bottom
0,46 m. Height of tank is 0,65m.

Mc lc
i.

Tn ti----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ii.

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn----------------------------------------------

iii.

Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin------------------------------------------------

iv.

Cm t-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v.

Tm tt ting Vit------------------------------------------------------------------

vi.

Tm tt ting Anh------------------------------------------------------------------

vii.

Mc lc------------------------------------------------------------------------------

viii.

Danh sch n v s dng trong ti----------------------------------------12

ix.

Danh sch cc bng--------------------------------------------------------------13

x.

Danh sch cc hnh. -------------------------------------------------------------14

1. M U------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
2. MC CH TI-------------------------------------------------------------------3. TRA CU TI LIU--------------------------------------------------------------------17
3.1 i tng vn chuyn--------------------------------------------------------------------17
3.1.1 Qui trnh sn xut phn vi sinh-------------------------------------------------------17
3.1.2 Cc tnh cht c l ca phn hu c vi sinh----------------------------------------18
3.2 C s l thuyt tnh ton la chn bng ti ai--------------------------------------18
3.2.1 Phn loi bng ti ai------------------------------------------------------------------18
3.2.2 Nhng b phn chnh ca bng ti ai----------------------------------------------18
3.2.3 L thuyt tnh ton bng ti ai------------------------------------------------------23
4. PHNG PHP V PHUONG TIN-----------------------------------------------34
4.1 Phng php thit k---------------------------------------------------------------------34
4.2 Phng php ch to---------------------------------------------------------------------34
4.3 Phng tin ch to v o c----------------------------------------------------------35
4.31 Phng tin ch to---------------------------------------------------------------------35
4.3.2 Dng c o------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
4.3.3 Phng Php o------------------------------------------------------------------------35
4.3.4 Phng php x l s liu------------------------------------------------------------36

5. KT QU V THO LUN----------------------------------------------------------37
5.1. Cc d liu thit k ban u v yu cu k thut ca bng ti ai trong vn
chuyn phn vi sinh---------------------------------------------------------------------------37
5.1.1 Cc d liu thit k---------------------------------------------------------------------37
5.1.2 Yu cu k thut ca thit b bng ti-----------------------------------------------37
5.2 La chn m hnh my thit k---------------------------------------------------------37
5.3 Tnh ton thit k bng ti ai----------------------------------------------------------39
5.3.1 Tnh ton la chn cc thng s c bn ca bng ti-----------------------------39
5.3.2 Xc nh ti trng trn mt di-------------------------------------------------------39
5.3.3 Xc nh lc cn v lc ko cng bng---------------------------------------------40
5.3.4 Xc nh lc ko------------------------------------------------------------------------42
5.3.5 Tnh ton b phn dn ng----------------------------------------------------------43
5.3.6 Tnh thit b ko cng bng-----------------------------------------------------------44
5.4 Thit k b truyn xch------------------------------------------------------------------45
5.4.1 Chn loi xch--------------------------------------------------------------------------45
5.4.2 nh s rng a xch------------------------------------------------------------------45
5.4.3 nh bc xch-------------------------------------------------------------------------45
5.4.4 nh khong cch trc v s mt xch----------------------------------------------46
5.4.5 Tnh ng knh vng chia ca a xch--------------------------------------------47
5.4.6 Tnh lc tc dng ln trc-------------------------------------------------------------47
5.5 Tnh ton thit k cc trc tang---------------------------------------------------------47
5.5.1 Trc tang ch ng---------------------------------------------------------------------47
5.5.2 Tnh trc b ng-----------------------------------------------------------------------55
5.6 Tnh then-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------55
5.7 Tnh chn ln----------------------------------------------------------------------------56
5.8 Tnh ton thit k mng cp liu-------------------------------------------------------56
5.9 Ch to-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
5.9.1 Ch to cc chi tit dng v-----------------------------------------------------------59
5.9.2 Ch to cc chi tit dng trc---------------------------------------------------------60
5.10 Lp rp------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
5.11 Kho nghim-----------------------------------------------------------------------------61

5.12. kin tho lun

6. KT LUN V NGH--------------------------------------------------------------62
6.1 Kt lun------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
6.2 ngh-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
7. Ti liu tham kho------------------------------------------------------------------------66
8. Ph lc--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63

N V S DNG TRONG BN V
kG

Kilgam lc

kW

kilot

m mt
mm

milimt

N Niutn
vg/ph

vng/ pht.

DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 2.1 S lng cc lp m trong bng ph thuc vo chiu rng
ca n
Bng 2.2 Chiu dy cc lp v cao su ca bng dt tm cao su i vi
vt liu ri v vt liu dng kin
Bng 2.3 Gi tr ca h s d tr bn ca bng ty thuc vo s lp
m trong bng
Bng 2.4 Gi tr vn tc cho bng ti c bng l vi cao su
Bng 2.5 Biu thc gn ng xc nh trng lng phn quay ca con
ln
Bng 2.6 H s cn chuyn ng ca bng trn cc con ln c ta ln.

DANH SCH CC HNH TRONG TI

Hnh 3.1: Qui trnh sn xut phn vi sinh
Hnh 3.2: biu lc cng bng
Hnh 5.1 M hnh my la chn
Hnh 5.2 Kt cu s b trc lp trn tang dn ng
Hnh 5.3 Biu lc tc dng v biu momen xon ni lc
Hnh 5.4 Cu tao trc ch ng
Hnh 5.5 Cu to trc b ng
Hnh 5.6 S tnh lc chn ln
Hnh 5.7 S b mng cp liu
Hnh 5.8 Cu to mng cp liu

1. M U

Vit nam l mt nc nng nghip, vi gn hai phn ba dn s sng bng

ngh nng. Tuy nhin, mc c gii ho nng nghip cha cao, k c cc
ngnh sn xut kinh t khc c lin quan n sn xut nng nghip nh cc ngnh
sn xut phn bn. Theo d kin phi n nm 2020, nc ta mi hon ton t
ch trong vic sn xut phn bn. Ngoi tr, cc nh my sn xut phn bn do
c s hp tc ca nc ngoi, c mc c gii ho v t ng ho kh cao, cn
li, nht l nhng nh my sn xut phn vi sinh th lao ng cc khu trung
gian nh vn chuyn hy cn ch yu l th cng. V vy, cng lao ng ca
cng nhn, trong cc nh my ny cao, nhng li cho nng sut lao ng thp, thu
nhp ca ngi lao ng thp hn nhiu so vi cc nh my c vn u t ca
nc ngoi.
im c bit l ngnh sn xut phn bn l ngnh c mc c hi cao.
Vic ng dng c gii ho vo sn xut s gp phn ci thin mi trng lm vic
cho ngi lao ng.
Bng ti l thit b vn chuyn c nhiu tnh nng ng dng vo dy
chuyn sn xut phn vi sinh nh tham gia cc qu trnh nh lng, vn chuyn
nguyn liu, bn thnh phm v thnh phm. y l loi thit b vn chuyn tnh
ti c kh nng vn chuyn sn phm xa ti hng trm mt v ln cao ti hng
chc mt. Chi ph cho vn chuyn so vi tt c cc loi thit b vn chuyn tnh ti
(k c lu ng) l mt trong nhng loi c chi ph vn chuyn thp nht.
Trc yu cu cp thit, c s t hng trong sn xut v s chp thun
ca khoa C kh Cng ngh trng i hc Nng lm thnh ph H Ch Minh,
di s hng dn ca Ph Gio S Tin S Trn Th Thanh, em thc hin ti:
Nghin cu thit k, ch to bng ti ai vn chuyn than bn trong dy
chuyn sn xut phn vi sinh nng sut 10 tn/h.
.

Do ln u tin thc hin ti khoa hc di hnh thc ti tt nghip,

nn lun vn khng trnh khi sai st. Em xin chn thnh cm n s quan tm gp
ca Qu thy c v cc bn.

2. MC CH V NHIM V CA TI
Mc ch ti l gp phn c gii ho qu trnh vn chuyn kt hp nh
lng nguyn liu than bn phc v cho dy chuyn sn xut phn vi sinh c nng
sut t 10 20 tn/h.
Ni dung thc hin ti gm:
+ Nghin cu cu to v l thuyt tnh ton bng ti ai v tnh ton thit
k truyn ng c kh, tnh ton chi tit my.
+ Tnh ton thit k bng ti ai c nng sut vn chuyn 10 tn/h, chiu
di vn chuyn 4 m. Mc sai s nng sut vn chuyn thp bng ti ai c
th lm nhim v nh lng thc hin trn hn hp.
+ Ch to bng ti ai.
+ Kho nghim v ng dng vo sn xut.

3. TRA CU TI LIU SCH BO PHC V TRC TIP

CH CA TI
3.1. i tng nghin cu
3.1.1. Qui trnh sn xut phn vi sinh
Phn vi sinh l hn hp cc nguyn liu c ngun gc hu c nh than
bn, cc ph ph phm trong i sng, trong sn xut nng nghip v cng nghip
thc phm nh rc sinh hot, b bn, phn gia sc, gia cm, tru, v u phng,
c ln men v mt s thnh phn v c khc nh m, kali,
Hn hp dng ri, c kch thc ht t 1-1,5 mm. m : 25-30%.
Hnh 3.1. trnh by s qui trnh cng ngh sn xut phn vi sinh.

Hn hp
phn

nh lng

Phi kh

sng

Nghin

Nghin li

Trn

Vo vin

ng bao

ng bao

Hnh 3.1: S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut phn bn hu c vi sinh.

3.1.2. Cc tnh cht c l ca phn hu c vi sinh

Phn bn vi sinh l mt dng hn hp ri, t vi m tng i cao.
Khi lng th tch: 550-650 kg/m3.
Gc t chy 30-450. Trong mt s trng hp gc t chy ln hn 600.
Theo Lng c Phm v H Sng th trong b bn gm c cc thnh
phn sau:
Mu sc: c mu nu thm do s c mt ca caramen v melanoit.
Cht kh chim 75-80%. Trong , ng kh: 6-9%; rafinoza 1-2%, tng
N l 0,4-2,88%, cht khong 3-4%.
Ngoi ra cn c cc vitamin B1, B2, PP v axit pantotenic, mezoinozit.
3.2. C s l thuyt tnh ton la chn bng ti ai
3.2.1. Phn loi bng ti ai
Da vo kt cu bng ti ai c phn thnh loi c nh v loi di ng
d dng trn cc bnh xe. i khi ngi ta cn s dng bng ti nh nhng
cm thnh phn trong mt t hp my phc tp (cc cu chuyn, t hp
gu ngom gung ti)
Da vo cng nng, cc bng ti ai cng c chia ra loi vn nng v
loi chuyn dng.
Da vo hnh dng ng chuyn c th chia ra loi bng chuyn theo
phng ngang, bng chuyn theo phng nghing v tng hp.
3.2.2. Nhng b phn chnh ca bng ti ai
Bng ai mm khp kn (c nh l bng vi, cao su hay bng c ph
bng cc loi vt liu khc, bng thp hoc bng c li thp).
H thng con ln (him khi l cc tm c nh, lm t g hoc t thp
tm)
Trm dn ng, trm ko cng, b phn chuyn hng, b phn np liu v
d liu, khung hoc ct thit b.
3.2.2.1. Bng dt tm cao su
Bng dt tm cao su l loi bng ph bin nht. Bng c mt s lp m
bng vi bng giy ( vi bt), c lu ha bng cao su nguyn cht hay cao su

tng hp. cc lp ngoi ca bng c ph bng lp v cao su. bn ca bng

c xc nh bng mc ca vi, chiu rng ca bng v s lng cc lp m
(bng 3.1).
Chiu dy ca lp v cao su ph thuc vo kch thc v tnh cht ca vt
c vn chuyn c la chn theo bng 3.2.
Bng 3.1. S lng cc lp m trong bng ph thuc vo chiu rng ca n.
Chiu rng bng 300

400

500

650

800

1000 1200 1400 1600

35

36

37

48

510 512 712 812

(mm)
S lng cc lp
m nh nht v 34
ln nht
Trng lng mt mt di ca bng c xc nh mt cch gn ng theo
cng thc sau:
qb= 1,1.B.(1,25.i + 1 +1 ), (kG/m)
Trong :

(3.1)

B chiu rng bng, m;

i s lp m trong bng;
1, 1 chiu dy cc lp v bc cao su ca bng pha mt
lm vic v khng lm vic, mm.

S lp m cn thit trong bng I c xc nh theo cng thc:

S max K
i B.K

Trong :

(3.2)

Smax lc cng tnh ton ln nht ca bng, kG;

K h s d tr bn ko ca bng ( bng 2.3);
K gii hn bn chng t trn c s 1 cm ca mt lp
m, kG/cm. K=55kG/cm i vi vi bt mc b-820; K=
119kG/cm i vi vi bt si ngang.

Nhng gi tr cao ca h s d tr bn cho trong bng 3.3. l c n nhng

vn sau y:
Bng, ngoi ng sut ko cn chu thm ng sut do b un cc tang v
cc con ln ta. n b yu cc ch ni u bng cng nh b mi do chu un.

Bng 3.2. Chiu dy cc lp v cao su ca bng dt tm cao su i vi vt liu

ri v vt liu dng kin.
Chiu dy cc lp v
Nhm vt liu

(mm)
Pha mt
Pha mt
khng
lm vic
lm vic

Tn vt liu

Vt liu ri
Vt liu dng bi v ht, khng
mi mn
Ht nh v cc nh mi mn.
Trung bnh v nng theo trng
lng
Cc trung bnh t mi mn.
Trung bnh v nng theo trng
lng
Cc ln nng
Cc nh mi mn
Vt nh, bao b bng giy v vi
Vt trong bao b mm
Vt trong bao b cng c trng

Ht, bi than

1,5

1,0

1,53,0

1,0

Than , bnh than bn

3,0

1,0

Qung mng gan, qung st

dm, clinke, , t di

6,0

1,5

4,5

1,5

1,0
1,53,0

1,0
1,0

Thng, hm, gi

1,53,0

1,0

Thng, hm, gi

1,54,5

1,01,5

1,56,0

1,01,5

Ct, t lm khun, xi mng,

than , dm, than cc

ni, mui nh
Vt liu dng kin
Bu kin nh, gi
Ti, bao, kin

lng n 15kG
Vt trong bao b cng c trng
lng trn 15kG
Vt khng bao b

Chi tit my, sn phm gm

s, cc chi tit xy dng

Ti trng tc dng ln bng khng phn b u cho tt c cc lp m. H

s d tr bn tng ln cng vi s tng s lng cc lp m cho tt c cc lp
m.
Bng 3.3. Gi tr ca h s d tr bn ca bng ty thuc vo s lp m trong
bng.
S lp m trong bng(i)
H s d tr bn (K)
3.2.2.2. B phn dn ng

24
9

45
9,5

68
10

911
10,5

1214
11

ng knh tang c xc nh theo cng thc:

Dk.i
Trong :

(3.3)
i s lp m trong bng tm cao su; k- h s th l

i vi tng dn ng:
k = 125 nu i =26, k =150 nu i = 812
i vi tang tang ko cng v tang nghing:
k = 100120, cn trong cc trng hp c bit k = 50.
ng knh tang c tnh ly gn ng v c th so snh vi D tiu
chun: D=250,320,400,500,630,800,1000,1250,1600mm.
3.2.2.3. Thit b ko cng
Thit b ko cng to ra lc cng ban u (khi lp t) cho bng. Theo
phng php tc dng ngi ta chia ra thit b ko cng kiu vt, kiu i trng v
vt - l so.
3.2.3. L thuyt tnh ton bng ti ai
3.2.3.1. Tnh ton nng sut bng ti
Nng sut tnh ton
Nng sut ca my vn chuyn lin tc ph thuc vo ti trng v vn tc
ca n.
Nng sut trng lng ca my:
Q=

3600
. qv.v = 3,6.qv.v, (T/h)
1000

Trong :

(3.4)

qv ti trng n v trn mt mt chiu di, kG;

v tc chuyn ng ca b phn ko, m/s.

Nng sut tnh theo th tch ca my khi t trng ca vt liu (T/m3) l:

Q

V= , (m3/h)

(3.5)

i vi bng ti vn chuyn vt liu ri th ti trng n v l:

qv= 1000.F...v, (kG/m)

(3.6)

Trong trng hp ny nng sut trng lng l:

Q= 3600.F...v, (T/h)
Nng sut th tch l:

(3.7)

V= 3600.F..v, (m3/h)

(3.8)

F din tch tit din ngang ca vt liu trn bng, m2;

Trong :

t trng ca vt liu, (T/m3);

h s cha;
v vn tc bng, m/s.
i vi bng ti vn chuyn vt liu dng kin c trng lng G (kG) v
nm cch nhau mt khong a mt th ti trng n v l:
G
, (kG/m)
a

qv=

(3.9)

Nng sut trng lng l:

Q= 3,6.

G
.v, (T/h)
a

(3.10)

Nng sut gi tnh bng kin:

Z= 3600.

v
z, (kin/ h)
a

(3.11)

Nng sut thc t trung bnh

Do vic cp liu cho my khng u nn nng sut thc t nh hn nng
sut tnh ton
Qtb=

Q
(T/h)
K

(3.12)

Vi K l h s k n s khng u cp liu cho my, K>1.

3.2.3.2. Tnh ton chiu rng bng
Trn nhng bng phng, mt ct ca vt liu ri c dng gn vi hnh tam
gic cn. trnh cho vt liu khi trn ra khi bng, ngi ta thng ly y ca
tam gic b= 0,8B v gc y 1=0,35, trong l gc xoi t nhin ca vt
liu trng thi tnh.
Din tch ca mt ct ca vt liu trn bng phng
F1=
Trong :

0,8 Bx0,4 B.tg1

bh
c
.c = 0,16B2.tg(0,35).c
2
2

(3.13)

c hng s tnh n gc nghing bng. c = 1,0 nu < 100,c =

0,95 nu 100<<150, c = 0,9 nu 15 0<<200, c = 0,85 nu
>200;

Din tch mt ct ca vt liu trn bng lng mng:

Flm=F1+F2

(3.14)

F1 din tch hnh tam gic, m2, F1=0,16B2.tg(0,35)c;

Trong :

F2 din tch hnh thang vi cc y l 0,4B v 0,8B v

ng cao h1. Vi:
h1=

0,8 B 0,4 B
tg 20 0
2

(3.15)

tg200=0,364

(3.16)

y 0,4B ly bng chiu di ca con ln gia. Gc 20 0- ly bng gc

nghing ca con ln ngoi.
F2=

0,8 B 0,4 B 0,8 B 0,4 B

x
x 0,364 = 0,0435B2.
2
2

Flm=B2.[0,16tg(0,35).c+ 0,0435]

(3.17)
(3.18)

Da trn c s ca cng thc, ta c nng sut ca bng ti vi trng hp

bng phng l:
Qph=3600.F1.v.=3600.0,16 Bn2 tg (0,35 ).c.v.

(3.19)

Qph= 576 B p .tg (0,35 ).c.v. ,(T/h)

(3.20)

Trong :

t trng ca vt liu ri, (T/m3)

V vn tc bng, m/s.

Nng sut bng ti trng hp lng mng

Qlm=3600.Flm.v.

(3.21)

Qlm=160. Blm2 [3,6tg (0,35 )c 1] v , (T/h)

(3.22)

T nhng cng thc trn, chiu rng bng phng c xc nh:

Bp=

Qp
576tg (0,35 )c.v.

,(m)

(3.23)

Chiu rng bng lng mng

Blm

Qlm
160[3,6tg (0,35 )c 1]v ,(m)

(3.24)

tnh ton gn ng ta ly 450, khi :

Qp= 162 B p .v. .c , (T/h)
2

(3.25)

Qlm=342 Blm .v. .c , (T/h)

2

Bp=

1
12,7

Blm=

1
18

Qp
v.c.

(3.26)

, (m)

(3.27)

Qlm
, (m).
v.c.

(3.28)

3.2.3.3. La chn vn tc bng

Gi tr vn tc bng c chn ph thuc vo tnh cht vn liu vn chuyn
v chiu rng ca bng c dn ra bng 3.4. Vn tc cn ph thuc vo
phng php d liu, nh khi tho liu bng thanh gt th nn ly vn tc
v1,251.6 m/giy, cn khi dng xe d liu qua hai tang th ly v 2,5 m/giy.
i vi cc vt liu ri ti, th nn chn vn tc trong gii hn sao cho vt liu
khng b thi bay ra khi bng khi vn chuyn. cn i vi vt liu n chic, vn
tc lm vic nn ly t 0,50,8 m/giy. i vi cc bng ti trong dy truyn cng
ngh, vn tc bng c xc nh theo nhp ca qui trnh.
Sau khi la chn vn tc bng v, ngi ta xc nh chiu rng bng trn c
s nng sut vn chuyn cho trc v chn chiu rng bng qui tiu chun gn
nht.
i vi nhng vt liu n chic, chiu rng bng c xc nh bng cc
kch thc bao ca vt liu v bng phng php phn b vt liu, sao cho khong
cch cn li t mp bng n hai cnh bn ca vt liu khng nh hn
50100mm.
Bng 3.4. Gi tr vn tc cho bng ti c bng l vi cao su.
Cc nhm vt
liu ri

V d cc loi
vt liu c

Vt liu khng

trng
Than nguyn

mi mn v t

khai, mui, ct,

mi mn, cht

than bn phay

lng vt liu
khng b gim
khi vt liu b

400

Chiu rng bng B (mm)

500-650
800 v hn
Vn tc bng (m/giy)

1,01,6

1,25 2,0

1,6 2,5

nt vn
Vt liu kch
thc cc nh
v trung bnh
gy mi mn

xanh qung,
x, dm

1,0 1,25

1,0 1,6

1,25 2,0

1,0 1,6

1,0 1,6

1,0 1,6

1,25 1,6

(a<160mm)
Vt liu kch
thc cc ln

Nham thch,

gy mi mn

qung,

(a>160mm)
Vt liu gin

Than cc, than

cht lng vt

c phn

liu gim khi b

loi tt, than

nghin nt
Vt liu dng

ci

bt v rt r
gy bi
Vt liu ht

Bt, xi mng,
apatit
Ht ng cc,
vin thc phm

1,0 1,25

0,4 1,0
2,0 4,0

3.2.3.4. Xc nh lc ko cng theo tng im ca chu tuyn

S3

S4

S1

S2

S max

Hnh 3.2. Biu lc cng bng.

Lc cn chuyn ng ca nhnh ti trn nhng on bng thng tng ng
vi phng trnh:
W1 = (qvl + qb+ qclc)Lng . (qct + qb)H ,

kG

(3.29)

Lc cn chuyn ng nhnh khng ti

Wkt = (qb + qct0)Lng . qb .H

kG

(3.30)

Trong :
qvl trng lng ca vt liu trn mt mt di bng, kG/m;
qb trng lng bng trn mt mt di, kG;
qclc , qcl0 trng lng phn quay cc con ln trn mt mt di

nhnh c ti v nhnh khng ti;

h s cn chuyn ng ca bng trn cc con ln.
i vi nhnh khng ti
qclc = Gcl / lct
Trong :

kG/m ;

(3.31)

Gc trng lng phn quay ca con ln, kG;

lct khong cch gia cc cm con ln nhnh c ti, m.

i vi nhnh khng ti:

qcl0 = Gcl / lkt

kG/m ;

Trong : lkt khong cch gia cc cm con ln nhnh khng ti.

Trng lng cc phn quay ca con ln Gcl c ly theo bng 3.5.

(3.32)

Bng 3.5. Biu thc gn ng xc nh trng lng phn quay ca con ln.
ng knh con ln (mm)
108
159

Trng lng
i vi bng phng
(7B+4) kG
(10B+3) kG

i vi bng lng mng

(7B+5) kG
(10+7) kG

Ghi ch: B chiu rng bng, (m).

H s cn i vi cc con ln c ta ln c ly theo bng 3.6. So vi
cc con ln ta trn trt th h s ny nh hn khong 34 ln.
Bng 3.6. H s cn chuyn ng ca bng trn cc con ln c ta ln.
iu kin lm
vic ca bng
ti

H s ng vi cc con
c im iu kin lm vic ca ln
Thng
bng

Lng
mng

Lm vic trong mi trng kh

Tt

0,018

0,020

tng dn; c lng bi khng ln, 0,022

0,025

sch, khng c bi lm mn
Lm vic trong mi trng nhit

Trung bnh

m khng kh trung bnh.

Lm vic mi trng nhit
Nng

khng tng v ngoi tri, m

cao v cc tc nhn gy hi n

0,035

0,040

diu kin lm vic ca cc con ln

3.2.3.5. Xc nh lc cn chuyn ng v lc ko cng bng
Ta chia chu tuyn thnh bn on ring bit tnh t im mt ti im bn,
mi on c cc dng lc cn khc nhau. Ta bt u tnh t im mt, ti lc
cng s1 s nh nht,ti im mt c lc cng ti nhnh ra ca tang dn ng:
S1=Sr.
Trn on 1-2 nhnh khng ti, lc cn chuyn ng c tnh theo cng
thc:
Wkt=(qb + qcl0) Lng. qb.H
Trong : tra theo bng.

kG

(3.33)

Lc ko cng ti im 2 tnh theo cng thc:

S2 = S1+W1-2

(3.34)

Lc cn on 2-3 xc nh theo cng thc:

W2-3 = 0,07S2

(3.35)

Lc ko cng ti im 3
S3 = S2+W2-3

(3.36)

Lc cn chuyn ng trn on 3-4` tnh theo cng thc:

W3-4 = (qvl + qb+ qclc)L3-4. (qct + qb)H

kG

(3.37)

kG

(3.38)

Lc cn trn on 4-4`
W4-4` = (qvl + qb+ qclc)L4-4`. (qct + qb)H

Lc cn ca thanh gt tho liu tnh theo cng thc:

Wtg = 2,7.qvl.B

(3.39)

Tng lc cn chuyn ng trn nhnh c ti

W3-4 = W3-4`+ W4`-4+ Wtg

(3.40)

Tng lc cng ti im 4
S4 = S3 + W3-4

(3.41)

Da vo phng trnh le: xc nh Sr v Sv theo biu thc:

Svao = Sra.ef

(3.42)

Kim tra bn ca bng theo cng thc:

S max .k

i B.K
p

(3.43)

Kim tra vng ca bng c kim tra nhnh khng ti, cng nh
nhnh khng ti v gia cc con ln theo cng thc
f

qb l kt2
8S min

(3.44)

vng cho php f=(0,025-0,03)lkt.

3.2.3.6. Xc nh lc ko
Lc cn nhnh dn ng khng tnh n cn trong trc xc nh theo
cng thc:
Wd=0,03(Svao+Sra)
Lc ko tnh theo cng thc:

(3.45)

WT=S4-S1+Wd

(3.46)

3.2.3.7. Tnh ton b phn dn ng

ng knh tang dn ng tnh theo cng thc:
Dtg=K.i
Trong :

mm

(3.47)

K h s d tr bn;
i s lp m trong bng.

S vng quay ca tang trong mt pht:

n

Trong :

60v
kD

vg/ph ;

(3.48)

v vn tc bng;
D ng knh tang, mm.

Tnh t s truyn v chn loi ng c in theo s vng quay tnh c.

Tin hnh kim tra li s vng quay thc ca tang dn ng v vn tc chyn
ng thc ca bng.
Cng sut cn thit ca ng c theo cng thc:
WT .v

N= 102. .
gt
kh

kW

(3.49)

Trong : kh- l hiu sut khp ni.

3.2.3.8. Tnh thit b ko cng bng
Tnh ton thit b ko cng i vi bng ti c cc nhnh song song c
tin hnh theo lc cng theo cng thc sau:
Sc= K(Sv+Sr+T)

kG

(3.50)

Trong :
Sv,Sr lc cng nhnh vo v ra ca b phn ko tang, a xch, puly
(nu c hai nhnh song song)
T Tn tht di chuyn ca con trt hoc xe con ca thit b ko cng, ly
theo s liu th nghim.
K h s tnh n cc tn tht cc tang nghing(nu c), c ly bng
K = 1,1.
i vi thit b ko cng kiu vt c hai vt ko cng th lc tip nhn bi
mt vt l:

Sc

Trong :

kG

(3.51)

h s tnh n s phn b khng u gia cc vt. Thng th

=1,51,8 cn khi c n gnh c bit th =1.

i vi cc vt lm vic chu ko th ng sut ko l:

K

Trong :

P
K
d12
4

kG/cm2

(3.52)

(3.53)

d1 ng knh chn ren, cm;

[]k ng sut keo cho php, (kG/cm2).

i vi cc vt lm vic chu nn:

n

P
n
d12
4

kG/cm2

Trong : []n - ng sut nn cho php, kG/cm2 .

Nu cc vt chu nn th thng ly chiu di tnh ton ln hn 10d 1 v vt
c kim tra chu un dc theo cng thc:
p

Trong :

PKP
n

kG

(3.54)

PKP lc ph hy;
n h s d tr n nh, thng ly n=5.
PKP

Trong :

2 EJ
Kl 2

kG

(3.55)

E m uyn n hi, E = 2,15.106, (kG/cm2);

J momen qun tnh ca vt tnh theo ng knh chn ren d 1,
J

.d12
;
64

K h s tnh n cc kt cu ca gi ta, K=2 i vi trng hp

khi mt u c ngm cht cn u khc t do;
l chiu di t do ca vt cm, c xc nh bng chiu di ca
hnh trnh lm vic ca thit b ko cng.
Khi thay biu thc ca PKP vo cng thc (3.55) ta c:

2 Ed14
4 x64l 2 n

kG

(3.56)
T ta c ng knh chn ren l:
d1 0,06624 Pl 2 ,

cm

(3.57)

S vng ren z cn thit ca ai c c xc nh t iu kin p sut n

v cho php [p] cc vng ren:
z

Trong :

P
2
(d d12 ) p v
4

(3.58)

P- lc chung;
d- ng knh nh ren;
d1- ng knh chn ren:
[p]=40kG/cm2.

Chiu cao ca ai c: H=z.s, cm

Trong :

s l bc ren, cm
Gc nng ca ng xon vt c xc nh t biu thc:
s

tg= .d

tb

; d tb

d d1
2

Trong :
dtb- ng knh trung bnh ca vt, cm;
d- ng knh nh vt,cm;
d1- ng knh chn vt, cm.
i vi iu kin t hm ca ren <, trong l gc t hm bng 560.
Ren c dng l ren hnh thang hay hnh vung. Lc cng cn thit ca
nhnh ra Sr c th c to bi vng ca nhnh khng ti vi di l. Khi
vng cn thit l:
f

Trong :

q Kt .l 2
8S r

qKt trng lng mt mt di ca nhnh khng ti, kG;

l chiu di ca nhp, m;

(3.59)

Sr lc cng cn thit ca nhnh bng ra, kG.

4. PHNG PHP V PHNG TIN

4.1. Phng php thit k

Da trn c s cu to, l thuyt tnh ton bng ti ai la chn nguyn
l cu to ca bng ti thit k v tnh ton cc thng s kt cu. Trong , cc
thng s hnh hc, ng hc c tnh ton trn cc d liu l nng sut, c tnh
c l ca i tng vn chuyn l than bn, thnh phn chnh sn xut phn vi
sinh. Cc thng s ng lc hc v cc thng s c trng cho bn ca bng ti
khi lm vic c tnh ton da trn c s cc thng s ng hnh hc tnh khi
bng ti lm vic. Ni dung tnh ton, thit k bng ti ai gm cc tnh ton thit
k chnh sau:
+ La chn loi bng s dng cho bng ti ai trn c s iu kin mi trng l
vic v loi vt liu vn chuyn.
+ Tnh ton kch thc bng ti ai: Da theo nng sut tnh ton v nng sut yu
cu m nh chiu rng bng nhm khi vn chuyn vt liu khng b ri ra ngoi.
+ Tnh la vn tc bng c xc nh sao cho vt liu khng b thi bi hoc bn
ra hai bn khi my lm vic.
+ Tnh ton, thit k b phn l con ln hoc tm ty thuc vo chiu di
bng yu cu xc nh.
+ Tnh ton cc tang dn ng, tang b ng: Da theo loi bng chn xc nh
ng knh tang sao cho m bo bng c bn lu v kt cu nh gn nht.
+ Tnh ton mng cp liu v vic nh lng cp liu: Mng cp liu c tnh
sao cho bng lm vic lin tc vi lng nguyn liu vn chuyn n nh. Vic
iu chnh c tin hnh bng tm chn iu chnh ca ra ca mng cp liu.
+ Tnh ton ng c, tnh ton b truyn xch, tnh ton bn, tnh then, tnh chn
ln da trn l thuyt truyn ng c kh, sc bn vt liu.
4.2. Phng php ch to

Cng ngh ch to bng ti ai da theo h cng ngh ch to cc cm chi

tit in hnh nh sau:
+ Cm chi tit h cng gm khung , chn .
+ Cm chi tit dng trc: trc tang bng ti, trc nhnh b ng.
+ Cm chi tit dng may : cc tang dn ng
+ Cc chi tit dng hp: hp che b truyn
+ Cc chi tit tiu chun nh bu lng, ai c, a xch, bi, xch chn t mua
trn thi trng.
4.3. Phng tin ch to v o c
4.3.1. phng tin ch to
Phng tin ch to da vo cc thit b c sn ca phn xng thc tp
thuc b mn My sau thu hoch ch bin, khoa C kh Cng ngh trng i
hc Nng Lm bao gm:
Cc my gia cng ct gt: my khoan, my mi, my ct kim loi,
Cc my hn: hn h quang, hn - ct gi .
Cc my nng chuyn: palng, cng trc vn chuyn.
4.3.2. Dng c o
+ Dng c o cc thng s hnh hc: Thc kp, panme, thc cun thp di 5m,
thuc vung, thc eke bng thp vi chia 1mm.
+ Dng c o cc thng s ng hc: ng h o thi gian, ng h o s vng
quay.
+ Dng c o cc thng s ng lc hc: ng h o cng sut.
4.3.3. Phng php o
Cc s liu o c trong qu trnh thc hin ti gm: o cc thng s
hnh hc, o khi lng, o thi gian, o vn tc, o cng sut tiu th in, cc
thng s ny c o nh sau:
o tc quay ca trc dng ng h o tc quay v tin hnh o
trn trc tang ca tang ch ng v trc ng c.
o kch thc hnh hc, dng cc loi thc nh: thc mt, thc kp,
panme. Cc kch thc cn xc nh l chiu di bng ti ai, chiu cao nng,
chiu rng bng, cc kch thc mng cp liu.

 o cng sut tiu th in dng ng h o cng sut. Tin hnh o

cng sut in khi ng c lm vic ch khng ti v c ti.
o khi lng vn chuyn dng cn nh lng.
4.3.4. Phng php x l s liu
X l s liu c tin hnh theo phng php x l thng k khi o c
xc nh cc thng s thc nghim. Cng thc xc nh khong tin cy ca thng
s o thc hin theo cng thc:
atb - t (,k). S/n a atb + t (,k). S/n
Trong :

atb gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc kt qu quan trc;

S sai s tiu chun thc nghim;
t (,k) gi tr tra theo bng phn b Student;
mc ngha, = 0,05;
k s bc t do, k = n 1.

4.4. Phng php thc nghim

4.4.1. B tr th nghim
Ngoi tr qu trnh chy r my theo quy nh, cn th nghim c tin
hnh trc tip trong qu trnh sn xut vi mc ch xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ca my thit k.
V vy, th nghim c b tr theo phng php ngu nhin theo thi gian
k c ngy v gi tin hnh th nghim.
4.4.2. Phng php kho nghim
Phng php kho nghim my bao gm hai ni dung l chy r theo
di cht lng ban u, kim tra hon chnh my v kho nghim xc nh cc ch
tiu kinh t k thut ca my.
4.4.2.1. Phng php chy r
Sau khi ch to v lp rp my theo bn v lp, my p thit k c tin
hnh r trn cc b mt lp ghp, kim tra v hon thin dn cng tc ch to v
lp rp. Do gii hn v thi gian, chng ti tin hnh chy r trong khong thi
gian l mt bui. Trong thi gian ny tin hnh theo di cht lng ch to v lp
rp hon chnh my trc khi a my vo kho nghim.

4.4.2.2. Kho nghim xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t ca my thit k

y l bc k tip ni dung chy r my. B tr th nghim t chc
thc nghim xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut ca my nghin cu theo kiu
ngu nhin thi gian hon ton. Cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut c chn l mc
tiu th in nng, nng sut, cht lng vin thc n.

37

5. KT QU V THO LUN

5.1 Cc d liu thit k ban u v yu cu k thut bng ti ai trong vn

chuyn phn vi sinh
5.1.1 Cc d liu thit k
Nguyn liu chnh sn xut phn vi sinh l than bn c dng ht vi
nh t 0,0030,1 mm.
m ban u ca vt liu l 25%.
Khi lng th tch l 650 kg/m3.
Nng sut ca my vn chuyn bng ti: t 10 T/h.
Chiu di thit b vn chuyn bng ti: theo yu cu phn mt bng ca dy
chuyn cng ngh lp t cc my v thit b my nghin, my trn, my vo vin
chiu di bng ti vn chuyn l 4 m.
Ch lm vic: bng ti vn chuyn lin tc nh lng v cp liu cho
my trn trong dy chuyn sn xut phn vi sinh. Bng ti t nghing so vi
phng ngang mt gc = 100. Chiu cao nng ln l 800 mm. chiu di bng l
4000 mm. Bng lm vic 1 ca, mi trng lm vic c m cao, thi gian phc v
ca thit b l 5 nm.
Ngun ng lc: l ng c in 3 pha.
5.1.2 Yu cu k thut ca thit b bng ti
m bo yu cu vn chuyn trong dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut phn vi
sinh.
My phi c cu to n gin, lm vic vi tin cy cao.
Chi ph lao ng, chi ph nng lng vn chuyn phi thp.
Khng gy nhim mi trng
Bo qun, chm sc k thut d dng thut tin.
38

5.2 La chn m hnh my thit k

Xut pht t yu cu vn chuyn lin tc trong dy chuyn sn xut phn
hu c vi sinh, vi cc d liu thit k nu trn, m hnh my thit k c
nguyn l kt cu nh hnh 5.1.

Hnh 5.1 M hnh bng ti thit k.

1. Khung ; 2. Mng cp liu; 3. Ca iu chnh lng vn chuyn;
4. Bng vi cao su; 5. ng c in 3 pha c hp gim tc;
6. B truyn xch; 7. Tang ch ng.
My lm vic theo nguyn l vn chuyn lin tc nguyn liu, mc vn
chuyn v mc lin tc nh nguyn liu c cha trong mng cp liu 2 v
ca nh lng 3 ca my.
Cu to ca my vn chuyn gm: bng ti ai vi cao su di 4 m t
nghing . chiu di v dc ca bng ti do kt cu qui trnh sn xut qui nh.
V bng ti ngn nn khng cn cc con ln nhnh ch ng. phn nhnh b
ng c 1 co ln . cng bng ti c iu chnh bi c cu cng bng l hai
trc vt gn vi b phn cm trc tang b ng, s iu chnh bng cch xit v
nh vt. i tng vn chuyn l than bn c cung cp vo mng cp liu ca
bng bng tay hoc bng my. m bo my lm vic v nh lng lin tc
th th tch mng cp liu phi ti 0,7m3.
39

Nguyn l lm vic: Than bn t mng cp liu s c bng ti vn

chuyn i n cui bng v tho liu theo kiu t chy. Lng than bn vn
chuyn trn bng c iu chnh ty theo mc m ca tm chn iu chnh
trn ca mng cp liu. Vn tc bng l c nh, ph thuc vo vn tc ng c
in v loi vn liu vn chuyn.
Bng ti hot ng c do s chuyn ng t ng c in qua hp gim
tc v b truyn xch.
5.3 Tnh ton thit k bng ti ai
5.3.1 Tnh ton la chn cc thng s c bn ca bng ti
Bng ai c chn l bng phng vn chuyn phn l vn liu bt. i
vi my vn chuyn vt liu dng ht bt nh than bn ta ly gi tr vn tc bng
l v = 0,4 m/s. chn loi bng l bng vi cao su.
Chn chiu rng bng theo tiu chun l Bp= 400 mm.
T chiu rng bng ta la chn s lp m trong bng v t tnh cht c l
ca than bn ta la chn chiu dy cc lp v bc ca bng mt lm vic cng
nh khng lm vic l: i= 3 lp, 1=1,5mm; 2= 1mm. b dy bng = 9mm.
Din tch mt ct ngang ca bng:
A= .B= 9.400 =3600mm2.

(5.1)

5.3.2 Xc nh ti trng trn mt mt di

Trng lng n v qb ca bng:
qb = 1,1.B.(1,25i +1+2) = 1,1.400.(1,25.3+1,5+1) = 2,75 , kG/m;
Trong :

B chiu rng bng, B = 400 mm;

i s lp m trong bng, i = 3;
1 b dy lp v pha mt lm vic, 1 = 1,5 mm;
2 b dy pha mt khng lm vic ca bng, 2 = 1 mm.

Trng lng vt liu c ch trn mt mt di ca bng:

q vl

Q
3,6.v

10

= 3,6.0,4

6,94

kG/m ;

(5.3)
Trong :

Qp T/h nng sut ca my vn chuyn, Qp = 10 T/h;

40

(5.2)

v vn tc bng, v = 0,4 m/s.

nhnh khng ti, v bng ngn nn ch dng mt con ln bng
Theo bng 4.3 [TL 6], trng lng n v ca phn quay nhnh khng
ti tnh nh sau:
Gcl = 7B+4 = 7.0,4 + 4 = 6,8

kG

(5.4)

Trng lng con ln trn mt mt di nhnh khng ti tnh theo cng

thc 4.13 [TL 6]:
q cl0

Gcl 6,8

1,7 ,
l kt
4

kG

(5.5)

Din tch mt ct ngang ca lp vt liu trn bng

F0 b.h

Qp

10

3600.v. .k

= 3600.0,4.0,65.0,8

0,0124

m2

(5.6)
Trong : k h s np liu y, k = 0,8.
Vi tit din ngang ca vt liu trn bng l F 0 = 0,0124 m2 =12400 mm2 v
chiu rng ca bng l B = 400mm th vt liu khi trn ra ngoi bng khi vn
chuyn ta ly chiu rng vt liu trn bng l b = 0,6B = 240 mm. Nh vy chiu
cao lp vt liu trn bng l:
h=F0/b= 51,7
trong :

mm

(5.7)

b b rng vt liu trn bng;

h chiu cao vt liu trn bng.

5.3.3. Xc nh lc cn chuyn ng v lc ko cng bng

Ta chia chu tuyn thnh bn on ring bit tnh t im mt ti im bn,
mi on c cc dng lc cn khc nhau. Ta bt u tnh t im mt, ti lc
cng s1 s nh nht, ti im mt c lc cng ti nhnh ra ca tang dn ng:
S1=Sr.
Trn on 1-2 nhnh khng ti, lc cn chuyn ng c tnh theo cng
thc:
W1- 2 = Wkt= (qb+ q cl0 )Lng.+qb.H = (2,75+1,7).(4.cos100).0,035+2,75.0,8
W1- 2 = Wkt = 2,81
Trong :

kG

h s cn chuyn ng, = 0,035;

41

(5.8)

H chiu cao nng bng, H = 0,8 m;

Lng chiu di hnh chiu theo phng ngang ca bng, L ng =
L.cos = 4. cos100 m;
qb ti trng trn mt mt di ca bng, qb = 2,75 kG/m.
Lc ko cng ti im 2 tnh theo cng thc 2.51 [TL 6]:
S2 = S1+W1-2 = S1 + 2,81

kG

(5.9)

Lc cn on 2-3 xc nh theo cng thc 2.45 [ TL 6]:

W2-3 = 0,07.S2 = 0,07.S1 + 0,2

kG

(5.10)

kG

(5.11)

Lc ko cng ti im 3 l:
S3 = S2+W2-3 = 1,07S2 + 3,0

Lc cn chuyn ng trn on c ti 3-4 l lc cn do cc tm thp

bng. Nh vy khi lng vt liu t ht ln tm thp. Ly h s ma st gia
bng v tm thp l f= 0,4.
Lc cn trn on c ti 3-4 tnh theo cng thc 2.32 [ TL 6] l:
W3-4 = (qvl + qb)L3-4.f + (qvl + qb)H = 26,85

kG

(5.12)

Lc cn ca thanh gt tho liu tnh theo cng thc 4.1 [TL 6] l:

Wtg = 2,7.qvl.B = 2,7.3,47.0,4 = 7,5

kG

(5.13)

kG

(5.14)

S4 = S3+W3-4 = 1,07S1 + 3,0 + 34,35 = 1,07S1 +37,35

Tng lc cn chuyn ng trn nhnh c ti l:

W3-4 = W3-4 + Wtg = 26,85 + 7,5 = 34,35 ,
Tng lc cng ti im 4 l:
kG;

(5.15)

Da vo phng trnh le: xc nh Sr v Sv theo biu thc:

Svao = Sra.ef.
Trong :

(5.16)

f l h s ma st gia tang v bng, f = 0,1;

gc m ca bng trn tang.
ef v f c tra theo bng 2.1 [TL 6], khi = 1800; f = 0,1; ef =
1,37.
Svao = S4 =1,07S1 +37,35 = Sra.1,37 = S1.137
S1 =

37,35
124,54
1,37 1,07

S4 = 1,07S1 + 21,53 = 170,60

42

kG

kG

(5.17)
(5.18)
;

(5.19)

S4 = Smax = 170,60

kG

(5.20)

Kim tra bn ca bng theo cng thc 3.3 [ TL 6]:

S max .K

i B.K
p
Trong :

(5.21)

K l h s d tr bn, tra theo bng 3.6 [ TL 6] K = 9;

Kp gii hn bn chng t trn c s 1 cm ca mt lp m, chn
loi bng l bng c lp m l vi bt mc -820 c K = 55
kG/cm.
S

.K

170,60

max
0,7 ,
i B.K =
40.55
p

lp

(5.22)

Theo tiu chun Lin X c OCT 20 54 trnh by bng 3.4 [ TL 6],

khi chiu rng bng l 400 mm th s lp m vi t nht l 3 lp, nh vy vic
chn s lp m s b m bo iu kin bn ca bng.
Kim tra vng ca bng c kim tra nhnh khng ti theo cng thc
2.61[ TL 6]:
qb l kt2
2,75.2 2
f
= 8.124,54 = 0,01
8S min

(5.23)

(5.24)

vng cho php:

f cp = (0,025-0,03)lkt = 2,025.2= 0,05

Vy vng ca bng nm trong gii hn tha mn nm trong cho php.

5.3.4. Xc nh lc ko
Lc cn nhnh dn ng khng tnh n cn trong trc xc nh theo
cng thc:
Wd = 0,05(Svao+Sra) = 0,05.(124,54 + 170,60 ) = 14,76 , kG ;

(5.25)

Lc ko tnh theo cng thc:

WT = S4-S1+Wd = 170,60 124,54 + 14,76 = 60,84

, kG ;

(5.26)

5.3.5. Tnh ton b phn dn ng

ng knh tang dn ng tnh theo cng thc 3.8 [ TL 6]:
Dtg = k.i = 125.3 = 375 ,
Trong :

mm ;

k h s t l, k = 125;
i s lp m trong bng, i = 3.
43

(5.27)

Vi vn tc ai nh (v = 0,4 m/s), nn gim kch thc kt cu chn

ng knh tang dn ng nh hn tnh ton. Theo tiu chun OCT ta ly D tg=
160 mm.
S vng quay ca tang trong mt pht tnh theo cng thc 3.10 [ TL 6]:
n

60v
kDtg

60.0,4
0,98.3,14.0,16

= 48,7

vg/ph ;

(5.28)
Trong :

v vn tc bng, v = 0,4 m/s;

Dtg ng knh tang, Dtg = 0,16 m;
k h s d tr bn, k= 0,98.

Chn ng c c s vng quay trn pht l 1.450 vg/ph. Khi , t s

truyn ca b truyn l:

it

1450
29,7
48,7

(5.29)

T t s truyn it = 29,7 v s vng quay u vo hp gim tc l 1.450,

chn hp gim tc loi PM ( theo ph lc 5 [ TL 6]) thc hin theo s b tr
III c it = 31,3, hiu sut lm vic ca hp gim tc l 0,94, khi vn tc thc
ca tang dn ng l:
n

1450
=
31,3

46,3

vg/ph ;

(5.30)

Vn tc chuyn ng thc ca bng:

v

D tg n
3,14.0,16.46,3
k
.0,98
60
60

0,38 , m/s

(5.31)
Cng sut cn thit ca ng c theo cng thc 2.54[ TL 6]:
WT .v.ct .k

N= 102. . =
gt
x

60,84.0,38.1,2 * 2
0,6
102.0,94.0,9

kW

(5.32)
Trong :

x hiu sut b truyn xch, x= 0,9;

ngt hiu sut ca hp gim tc, ngt = 0,94;
ct h s tnh n tn tht cng sut do cc tang u v cui, ct =1,2;
k h s d tr cng sut khi cht ti, k = 2.
44

5.3.6. Tnh ton thit b ko cng bng

Tnh ton thit b ko cng i vi bng ti c cc nhnh song song c
tin hnh theo lc cng theo cng thc 3.14 ([ TL 6]:
Sc= K(Sv+Sr+T) = 1,1(124,54 + 170,60 + 15) = 341,16 ,

kG;

(5.33)

Trong :
Sv,Sr lc cng nhnh vo v ra ca b phn ko tang;
T Tn tht di chuyn ca con trt ly theo s liu th nghim. s b
ly T= 15 kG;
K h s tnh n cc tn tht cc tang nghing, c ly bng 1,1.
i vi thit b ko cng kiu vt c hai vt ko cng th lc tip nhn bi
mt vt l:
P

Sc
341,16
1,8 = 307
=
2
2

kG

(5.34)

Trong : h s tnh n s phn b khng u gia cc vt, =1,8.

Chn s trm ko cng kiu vt chu nn. Vi ti trng ln vt l P, ta c
th ly ren vt theo h mt l M20 c ng knh trong d 1 = 16.75 mm. ng sut
ko ti mt ct vt:
K

P
4.307
d12 =
= 139,4,
3,14.1,675 2
4

Trong :

kG/cm2

(5.35)

d1 ng knh chn ren, cm;

i vi vt ny, chn vt liu ch to l thp C35 thng ha c gii hn

bn ko l b = 520 N/mm2 , chn h s d tr n nh n = 5. Vy ng sut cho
php ca trc vt M20 l []k =

520
.100 = 10400 N/cm2 . So snh ng sut tnh
5

v ng sut cho php ta thy ng sut tnh nh hn rt nhiu ng sut cho php.
S vng ren vt trong ai c tnh theo cng thc 3.20[ TL 6]:
z

307

2
= 3,14 (2 2 1,674 2 ).40
(d d12 ) p v
4
4

(5.36)
ly trn thnh z = 8.
45

8,1

Trong :

P lc chung;
d ng knh nh ren;
d1 ng knh chn ren:
[p] ng sut cho php, [p]=40kG/cm2.

Chiu cao ca ai c:
H = z.s = 8.2,5 = 20 mm.
Trong : s l bc ren, cm.
ai c theo tiu chun vi ren M20 c chiu cao l H = 16 mm. Nh vy
chn vt M20 ko cng bng l cha tha mn. Chn loi vt c d = 24 mm. khi
:
z

307

2
= 3,14 (2,4 2 2,012 ).40
(d d12 ) p v
4
4

5,7

H = 5,7.3 = 17,1 mm

(5.37)
(5.38)

ai c tiu chun vi ren M24 c chiu cao l 20 mm. Vy chn vt M24.

5.4. Thit k b truyn xch
5.4.1. Chn loi xch
Do vn tc xch nh, ti trng khng ln nn s b chn loi xch ng con
ln mt dy.
5.4.2. nh s rng a xch
Do b truyn xch trong truyn ng bng ti ch nhm lm cho b truyn
nh gn nn chn t s truyn l ix =1.
Bng ti ai vn chuyn trong dy truyn vi ti trng nh, u nn ly s
rng a xch dn l Z1 = 25 v s rng a xch b dn l Z2 = 25.
5.4.3. nh bc xch
Bc xch t c chn theo iu kin hn ch p sut sinh ra trong bn l
v s vng quay trong mt pht ca a xch phi nh hn s vng quay gii hn.
tm bc xch t trc ht nh h s iu kin s dng:
k = k.kA.k0.kc.kb.kc
Trong :

k h s xt n tnh cht ca ti trng ngoi, vi ti trng ca b

truyn m ly k = 1;

46

kA h s xt n chiu di xch, vi A=(3050) ly kA = 1;

ko h s xt n cc b truyn, vi b truyn nm nghin so vi
phng ngang mt gc nh hn 600 k0 = 1;
kc h s xt n kh nng iu chnh lc cng xch, vi cch thit
k c th iu chnh lc cng xch th kc = 1;
kb h s xt n iu kin bi trn, vi cch bi trn nh k th kb
=1,5;
kc h s xt n ch lm vic ca b truyn, trong iu kin sn
xut ca doanh nghip l 1 ca th kc = 1.
Nh vy
k = 1.1.1.1.1,5.1 = 1,5

(5.39)

Xc nh cng sut tnh ton ca b truyn xch:

Nt = k.kZ.kn.N , kW.
Trong :

N cng sut danh ngha, kW;

kZ h s rng a dn, kZ =

Z 01
25
25
= Z =
= 1;
Z1
25
1
n01

50

kn h s vng quay a dn, kn = n =

1,1.
46
1
Z01 = 25 v no1 = 50 s rng v s vng quay a dn ca b truyn
c s.
Nh vy:
Nt = 1,5.1.1,1.0,6 = 0,98

kW

(5.40)

Bc xch c chn theo bng 6-4 [ TL 9] tha mn iu kin:

Nt [N].
Tra bng 6-4 [ TL 9] ly bc xch t = 19,05 c tr s cng sut cho php
l 1,45 kW.
Kim nghim s vng quay ca a xch dn theo iu kin
n1 ngh
Trong : ngh s vng quay gii hn, ph thuc s rng a xch v bc xch,
tra bng 6-5 (sch TK CTM). ng vi bc xch t = 19,05 mm v s rng ca a

47

xch Z1 = 15 th s vng quay gii hn l n gh = 1350 vg/ph (tra bng 6-5 [ TL 9]).
Vy iu kin s vng quay c tha.
5.4.4. nh khong cch trc v s mt xch
Khong cch trc chn theo cng thc (6-13) [ TL 9]:
A = (30 50)t = 30t = 30.t = 30.19,05 = 571,5 ,

mm

(5.41)

S mt xch X c tnh theo cng thc 6-4 [ TL 9]:

Z Z
2 A Z 2 Z1

X= 1 2

2
t
2

t
= 85 ,
A

mt xch

(5.42)

Kim nghim s ln va p u ca bn l xch trong mt giy:

u

Trong :

4v
Z .n

u
L 15 X

(5.43)

v vn tc xch, m/s;
L chiu di xch, m;
Z = 25v n = 46 s rng v s vng quay trong mt pht ca a
xch (a dn hoc a b dn).
[u] s ln va p cho php, [u] = 35 ln/s (tra bng 6-7, [ TL 9]).

Nh vy:
u

25.46
0,9 35
15.85

(5.44)

Tnh chnh xc khong cch trc theo cng thc 6-3, [ TL 9]:
A=

Z Z2
Z Z2
t

X 1
X 1

4
2
2

Z Z1
8 2

= 571,5 , mm ;

(5. 45)

xch khi chu lc cng qu ln, phi rt bt khong cch trc tnh
mt khong A = (0,002 0,004)A = 1,7 mm. Nh vy khong cch trc cui
cng l A = 569,8 mm.
5.4.5. Tnh ng knh vng chia ca a xch
ng knh vng chia a dn l:
t
19,05
o
180
dc1 = sin
= 180 0 = 152
sin
Z1
25

ng knh vng chia a b dn l:

48

mm

(5.46)

t
19,05
o
180
dc1 = sin
= 180 0 = 152
sin
Z2
25

mm ;

(5.47)

5.4.6. Tnh lc tc dng ln trc

Lc R tc dng ln trc c xc nh theo cng thc 6-17 [ TL 9]:
R kt.P =
Trong :

6.10 7 k t .N 6.10 71,15.0,6

= 25.19,05.46 = 1890 ,
Ztn

(5.48)

kt h s xt n tc dng ca trng lc xch ln trc, khi b truyn

nm ngang hoc nghin 1 gc nh hn 40o so vi phng ngang k =
1,15;
N cng sut danh ngha, N = 0,6 kW;
t bc xch, mm;
n s vng quay trong mt pht ca a xch.

5.5. Tnh ton thit k cc trc tang

5.5.1.Trc tang ch ng
Chn vt liu ch to trc l thp C35.
5.5.1.1. Tnh s b trc
ng knh trc tnh theo cng thc:
d C3

Trong :

N
n

mm ;

(5.49)

N cng sut cn thit, N = 0,6 kW;

n = 46 vg/ pht;
C = 110130 chn C = 120.
d 1203

0,6
28
46

mm.

(5.50)

S b chn ng knh trc l d = 30 mm.

5.5.1.2. Tnh gn ng trc

49

Bt

Hnh 4.2. Kt cu s b trc lp trn tang dn ng.

Khong cch gia hai u trc l:
L = Bt + 2a + 2t + b = 430 + 2.20 + 2.70 + 60 = 670
Trong :

, mm ;

(5.51)

a khe h gia tang v ln, a = 20 mm;

Bt chiu rng bng ai, Bt = 430 mm;
t chiu di trc lp , t = 70 mm;
b chiu di trc lp moay a xch, b = 60 mm.

Monen xon c tnh theo cng thc:

9,55.10 6.N
125616
n

Mz =

Nmm ;

(5.52)
Lc vng tc dng ln trc c tnh theo cng thc:
Pv =

1000.N
= 1523
v

(5.53)

(5.54)

Lc cng bng tc dng ln trc Pc:

Pc = 307 kG = 3012

Lc tng cng ca lc cng bng v lc vng coi nh t gia trc ta c:

P = Pc+Pv = 4535

(5.55)

Lc cng xch tc dng ln trc tang:

R = 1890

(5.56)

Phn lc cc gi ta:

0 R B l R (l a ) P

l
=0
2

(5.57)

Suy ra:
RA =

P Ra

2040
2
l

50

(5.58)

0 R A l Ra P

l
0
2

(5.59)

Suy ra:
RB =

R (l a ) P
= 4385
l
2

(5.60)

Xc nh ni lc Qy, Mx, Mz , v biu mmen.

Chia trc lm 3 on tnh v v biu momen.
Trn on I: (0 < z1 <
Q yI

l
)
2

= -RA= -2040

(5.61)

M xI = -RA.z1 =0 ti z1=0

(5.62)

V M xI = -550800 Nmm ti z1 =

l
= 270
2

mm

(5.63)
Trn on II: (

l
< z2 < l )
2

Q yII R A P 2495

(5.64)

l
l
M xII R A z 2 P( z 2 ) = -550800 Nmm ti z2 =
= 270 mm.
2
2

(5.65)

l
M xII R A z 2 P( z 2 ) = 122850 Nmm ti z2 = 540 mm.
2

(5.66)

Trn on III: ( l < z3 < l + a)

Q yIII R A P R B 1890

51

(5.67)

a
chieu quay

P
RA

R
RB

Mc

Mx chieu quay

550800Nmm

O Mx

+
-

O Mz

122850 Nmm
125616Nmm

Hnh 5.3. Biu lc tc dng v biu mmen xon ni lc.

l
M xIII R A z 3 P ( z 3 ) RB ( z 3 l ) = 122850 ti z3 = 540 mm.
2

(5.68)

l
M xIII R A z 3 P ( z 3 ) RB ( z 3 l ) = 0 ti z3 = l +a = 605 mm.
2

(5.69)

Xc nh ng knh trc ti hai tit din, tit din gia thanh v ti tit
din trc lp vi ln.
ng knh trc d ti tit din gia thanh c xc nh theo cng
thc:
d1 = 3

32 * Mt
*

Mt1 =
Trong :

(theo thuyt bn th nng bin i hnh dng). (5.70)

M x21 0,75 * M z2

= 561440 Nmm.

Mt momen tng ng;

52

(5.71)

Mx1, Mz momen un v xon tit din gia on AB ca

trc. Chn vt liu ch to trc l thp C35 c b= 500
Nmm2 nn [] = 58 N/m2 tra bng 7-2 (sch TK-CTM).
Nh vy ng knh trc l:
d1

32.462292
3,14.58

= 46

mm

(5.72)

Chn ng knh trc ln hn d1 = 50 mm.

ng knh trc d ti tit din trc lp vi ln c xc nh theo
cng thc:
32 * Mt

d2 = 3 *
Mt2 =

(theo thuyt bn th nng bin i hnh dng). (5.73)

M x22 0,75 * M z2

= 164093 ,

Nmm ;

(5.74)

(5.75)

Nh vy ng knh trc l:
d2

32.462292
3,14.58

= 31

mm

Ly ng knh d2 = 40 mm.
5.5.1.3. Tnh chnh xc trc ti tit din gia trc
Kim nghim h s an ton n ca trc ti tit din nguy him.Chn h s an
ton cho php l [n]=2,2.
Gii hn mi un ca chu k i xng:
1 (0,4 0,5). b = 0,4.500 = 200

N/mm2

(5.76)

Gii hn mi xon ca chu k i xng:

1 (0,2 0,3). b = 0,2.500 = 100

N/mm2

(5.77)
Bin ng sut php:
a

Mx
= 45
W

N/mm2

(5.78)

Bin ng sut tip:

a m

Mz
= 2,5
2. W0

Tr s trung bnh ng sut php:

53

N/mm2

(5.79)

m 0.

(5.80)

Tr s trung bnh ng sut tip

m a =2,5

N/mm2

(5.81)

Momen chng un tra theo bng 7-3b [ TL 9] l:

W= 12266

mm3 ;

(5.82)

Momen chng xon tra theo bng 7-3b [ TL 9] l:

W0= 24532

mm3 ;

(5.83)

H s xt n nh hng ca tr s ng sut trung bnh n sc bn mi:

0,1,

=0,05.

(5.84)

H s kch thc tra bng 7-4 [ TL 9] l:

0,85 0,73.

H s tng bn

(5.85)

1.

H s tp trung ng sut thc t ti rnh then tra bng 7-8 [ TL 9] l:

k 1,5, 1,4

(5.86)

H s an ton c tnh theo cng thc:

n

n * n
n n

(5.87)

Trong :
H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut php l:
n

1
k
a . m = 3
.

(5.88)

H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut tip l:

n

1
k
a . m = 20
.

(5.89)

H s an ton n tnh l:
n

n .n
n n

=3

(5.90)

H s an ton ca trc tnh ln hn h s an ton cho php nn trc bn.

54

70

470

0
6
40m 6

50

60

35k 6

10

Hnh 5.4. Cu to trc ch ng.

5.5.1.4. Tnh chnh xc trc ti tit din trc lp vi ln
Kim nghim h s an ton n ca trc ti tit din nguy him.Chn h s an
ton cho php l [n]=2,2.
Gii hn mi un ca chu k i xng l:
1 (0,4 0,5). b = 0,4.500 = 200

N/mm2

(5.91)

Gii hn mi xon ca chu k i xng l:

1 (0,2 0,3). b = 0,2.500 = 100

N/mm2

(5. 92)
Bin ng sut php l:
a

Mx
= 19,5
W

N/mm2

(5.93)

Bin ng sut tip l:

a m

Mz
=5
2. W0

N/mm2

(5.94)

Tr s trung bnh ng sut php l:

m 0.

(5.95)

Tr s trung bnh ng sut tip l:

m a =5

N/mm2

(5.96)

Momen chng un tra theo bng 7-3b [ TL 9] l:

W= 12266

mm3 ;

(5.97)

Momen chng xon tra theo bng 7-3b [ TL 9] l:

W0= 24532 ,

mm3 ;

(5.98)

H s xt n nh hng ca tr s ng sut trung bnh n sc bn mi

0,1,

=0,05.

(5.99)
55

H s kch thc tra bng 7-4 [ TL 9] l:

0,85 0,73.

H s tng bn

(5.101)

1.

H s tp trung ng sut thc t ti rnh then tra bng 7-8 [ TL 9] l:

k 1,5, 1,4

(5.102)

H s an ton c tnh theo cng thc:

n

n * n

n n

(5.103)

Trong :
+ H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut php
1

k
a . m = 6
.

(5.104)

+ H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut tip

n

1
k
a . m = 10
.

(5.105)

H s an ton n l:
n

n .n
n n

=5

(5.106)

H s an ton ca trc tnh ln hn h s an ton cho php nn trc bn.

5.5.2. Tnh trc b ng
Do trc b ng ch chu tc dng ca lc cng bng v trng lng ca
phn tng nn chn kt cu trc b ng nh trc ch ng v kch thc v c kt
cu nh hnh di:

50

40m6
10

470

60

Hnh 5.5. Cu to trc b ng

56

5.6. Tnh then

Cc thng s bit:
ng knh trc d= 50 mm, t ng knh trc d= 50 mm tra bng 7-23
(sch TK - CTM) ta chn c tit din then b= 16 mm, h= 10 mm, chiu su trn
trc t = 5 mm, chiu su trn l t1 = 5,1.
Tnh then theo sc bn dp: trnh dp b mt cnh tip xc gia then v
moay .
5.6.1. iu kin bn dp
iu kin bn dp ca then l:
d

Trong :

Mz
d
R.F .

(5.107)

h s xt n s phn b ti trng khng u then, = 1;

R bn knh qui c im t lc, R = d1D/2 = 25 mm;
F din tch tnh ton b mt lm vic ca then, F=

h.l
mm2.
2

T ta suy ra:
l

4.M z
= 10
h.d . d

mm

(5.108)

Theo tiu chun, chn chiu di then lt= 10 mm.

5.6.2. iu kin bn ct:
Tnh then theo sc bn ct:

2.M z
Mz
l
= 4 ,
d .b.
R.b.l

mm

(5.109)

ly l = 6 mm tiu chun.
T chn chiu di then l l 1=10 mm m bo iu kin bn dp, bn
ct v chn chiu di bch ghp tang vo trc l L =10 mm.
5.7. Tnh chn ln
Chn loi ln: Da vo kt cu bng ti, lc tc dng ln trc ch gm c
lc php tuyn nn chn loi bi . S b chn loi bi 1 dy c ng knh
trong l d = 40 mm.
Cc thng hnh hc bit: s vng quay trc n = 46 vg/ph, thi gian phc
v ca my l 5 nm mi nm lm vic 350 ngy, mi ngy lm vic 8 gi. Phn
57

lc gi ta RA=2040 N, RB= 4385 N. Ti trng thay i, nhit lm vic di

1000C.
S chn cho trc:

Hnh 5.6. S tnh lc chn ln.

H s kh nng lm vic C tnh theo cng thc:
C=Q.(nh)0,3CBng.
Trong :

(5.110)

Q ti trng tng ng, daN;

n s vng quay ca , vg/ph;
h thi gian phc v, gi.

Ti trng tng ng Q i vi bi mt dy:

Q ( K v .R mA) K n K t

Trong :

(5.111)

R ti trng hng tm (tng phn lc gi ta), daN

H s Kt=1,2 tra bng 8-3[ TL 9];
H s Kn=1 tra bng 8-4 [ TL 9];
H s Kv= 1 tra bng 8-5[ TL 9].

Do trc khng chu lc dc trc nn A = 0.

Ti trng tng ng Q tnh:
Q = Kv.R.Kn.Kt= 1.(204+438,5).1.1,2= 771

daN

(5.112)

Thi gian phc v h ca l:

h = 5.350.8 = 14000

(5.113)

H s kh nng lm vic C tnh:

C=Q(n.h)0,3= 42630.

(5.114)

Tra bng 14P [ TL 9], ng vi d = 40 mm ly c k hiu 308 c C Bng=

48000 , ng knh ngoi ca D=90 mm, chiu rng B=23 mm.
Chn kiu lp ln vi trc l m6 v ch lm vic vi ti trng trung
bnh, thay i v va p nh.
58

Vic bi trn v che kn c m bo khi la chn loi c kt cu che

kn vng bi bo v.
5.8. Tnh ton thit k mng cp liu
Nng sut vn chuyn ca bng ti yu cu trong dy truyn l 10 tn.
dy truyn lm vic n nh lin tc th mng cp liu phi c th tch mng sao
cho 3-5 pht khng phi cp liu.
Khi lng nguyn liu cha trong mng ln nht l:
M = 10.

3
= 0,5 tn.
60

(5.115)

Th tch thng cp liu tnh ton:

m

Vtt = =

0,5
0,65

= 0,77

m3

(5.116)

vt liu khng b trn ra khi mng ly h s cha y = 0,9.

Vy th tch cn thit ca mng Vct l:
Vct =

Vtt

0,77
0,85
0,9

m3

(5.117)

vt liu trong mng t chy th thnh mng c lm nghing mt gc

so vi phng ngang. Gc nghing c chn ln hn gc t chy ca vt liu.
vi phn vi sinh m 25% gc t chy gn bng 450.
Nh vy > 450.
Da vo th tch tnh ton v kt cu bng ti s b chn kt cu mng cp
liu nh hnh 5.7.

59

L1

h1

r1

L2
h2

r2

V3

V1

V2

Hnh 5.7. S b mng cp liu.

h1 = 650 mm; h2 = 200 mm; L1 = 1500 mm; L2 = 1200 mm; r1 = 1100 mm; r2 = 460 mm.

Th tch thng mng V gm 3 phn l V1, V2, V3.

V = V1 + V2 + V3.

(5.118)

Th tch V1:
r1 r2
V1 = h1 2 L2 = 0,7

m3

(5.119)

Th tch V2:
,

m3

(5.120)

m3

(5.121)

V = V1 + V2 + V3 = 0,86 m3.

(5.122)

V2 = 0,09
Th tch V3:
V3 = 0,07

Tng th tch mng cp liu l:

Nh vy vic tnh ton v ch to mng cp liu l ph hp, gi tr th tch
mng ch to V > Vct.
Cu to mng cp liu: Mng cp liu c cu to v hnh dng nh hnh
5.8. Mng c lm t thp tm dy 4 mm. phn ghp vi thn my v mt trn
c gia c bng thp nh hnh ch V dy 4 mm, rng 40 mm.
60

1500

1100

300

1200

650

240

200

460

Hnh 4.8: Cu to mng cp liu.

5.9. Ch to
5.9.1. Ch to v my
Vic ch to cc chi tit dng v hp bao gm cc chi tit v cm chi tit
sau: Mng cp liu, khung thn, tm c thc hin theo qui trnh cng ngh
ch to gm cc nguyn cng:
Nguyn cng 1: Chn phi l thp tm theo chiu dy thit k. kch thc
phi c chn theo kch thc khai trin ca chi tit.
Nguyn cng 2: V khai trin cc chi tit. i vi cc chi tit lm thn th
cc bng my ct tn chuyn dng (ti ni bn) theo kch thc tnh ton, vi cc
chi tit ch to v mng cp liu th ct bng gi .

61

Nguyn cng 3: To hnh dng cc chi tit. Chi tit trn xoay ta dng my
cun, cc chi tit hnh hp phng th dng hn ghp. Trong trng hp phng
cc bin dng xy ra khi hn ghp ta dng cc thanh ging lin kt nhm kh
bin dng.
Nguyn cng 4: Hn cc chi tit li vi nhau thnh cm chi tit hay b
phn my.
Nguyn cng 5: kim tra kch thc hnh hc cc chi tit bao gm
phng tm , song song cc thanh ch C ca thn.
5.9.2. Ch to chi tit dng trc
Bao gm trc ch ng v trc b ng.
Nguyn cng 1: Chn phi l thp C35. Kch thc phi c chn sao
cho lng d v khi lng gia cng l nh nht.
Nguyn cng 2: Gia cng mt u.
Nguyn cng 3: To l chun.
Nguyn cng 4: Tin th v bn tinh cc mt trc trn my tin vn nng.
Dng 2 ln g gia cng 2 u.
Nguyn cng 5: Tin tinh cc b mt ca trc trong 2 ln g t kch
thc v bong yu cu.
Nguyn cng 6: Phay rnh then.
Nguyn cng 7: kim tra kch thc di v ng knh trc.
5.10. Lp rp
+ Lp tang vo trc.
+ Lp ng cch tang vi ln.
+ Lp ln vo tm .
+ Lp cm trc tang vo ln trn tm .
+ Lp cm tang trc - ln vo thn bng ti.
+ Lp a xch vo trc.
+ Lp bng ti vo hai tang, sau lp b phn cng ai iu chnh lc
cng ai.
+ Lp cm trc con ln nhnh ai chng vo thn bng ti.
+ Lp mng cp liu vo thn bng ti.
62

+ Lp gi ng c vo thn bng v lp ng c in ln gi .
+ Lp xch vo cc a xch v iu chnh lc khong cch trc ca b
truyn xch sao cho ph hp.
5.11. Kho nghim
5.11.1. Kho nghim khng ti v chy r
Thi gian kho nghim: Ngy 15/6/2008
a im: Xng c kh ti trng i hc Nng Lm Tp. H Ch
Minh.
Thnh phn tham gia kho nghim:
-

TS. Nguyn Nh Nam

KS. Nguyn Vn Phong

Cng nhn: Trn Vn Chnh

Sinh vin: Duy Lng

Mc ch kho nghim: Kim tra cht lng ch to, lp rp v r
trn b mt lm vic gia cc chi tit lp ghp.
Kt qu kho nghim: ng c v cc b truyn lm vic bnh
thng, khng c hin tng pht nhit ca bi, khng xy ra hin
tng t tho cc mi ghp nh bulng, my khng rung, bng ti
khng b tut hay chy lch trong sut qu trnh hot ng

5.11.2. Kho nghim xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ti c s sn xut

Thi gian kho nghim: Ngy 15/7/2008
a im: Cng ty TNHH SX TM DV Ha Nng.
252 ng TA32 Phng Thi An Qun 12 TP. H Ch Minh.
Thnh phn tham gia kho nghim:
-

TS. Nguyn Nh Nam

KS. Nguyn Vn Phong

Cng nhn: Trn Vn Chnh

ng on Vn Ho, Ph Gim c cng ty

Mc ch kho nghim: Kho nghim nh gi ch tiu kinh t - k
thut ca bng ti ai bn giao vo sn xut.
63

 Kt qu kho nghim:
Kt qu kho nghim c trnh by bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1. Kt qu kho nghim xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut
Thng s o

Kt qu th nghim
Ln 2
Ln 3
Ln 4

Ln 1

Gi tr
Ln 5

trung

Nng sut, tn/h

Cng sut, kW

10,421
0,537

10,217
0,513

10,074
0,504

10,235
0,525

10,528
0,564

bnh
10,295
0,529

(Cho my p vin)
Mc tiu th in

0,052

0,050

0,050

0,051

0,054

0,0514

nng, kWh/tn
Kt qu x l s liu xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut bng
thc nghim:
+ Nng sut thc t ca bng ti ai:
Qtb

+ t / 2

10,295 + 2,776.

S
n

0,179
5

t / 2

S
n

10,295 2,776.

10,517 tn/h

Qtb

0,179
5

10,073 tn/h

(5.113)

+ Cng sut thc t ca bng ti ai:

Ntb

+ t / 2

0,023
5

0,529 + 2,776.
0,558

kW

Ntb

t / 2

S
n

0,529 2,776.

0,023
5

0,500 kW

(5.114)

+ ng u v nh lng (v nng sut) ca bng ti ai:

K = 1 ( S/ Qtb) = 1 0,179/ 10,295 = 98,26 %

(5.115)

+ Mc tiu th in nng ring vn chuyn ca bng ti ai:

Artb

+ t / 2

0,0514 + 2,776.

S
n

0,0017
5

Artb

Ar

t / 2

S
n

0,0514 2,776.

Ar
64

0,0017
5

0,0535 kWh/t

Ar

0,0493 kWh/t

(5.116)

5.12. kin tho lun

+ Bng ti ai B 10.000 c thit k, ch to v chuyn giao ra sn xut.
Bng ti c nng sut vn chuyn ti 10 tn/h, c kh nng lm nhim v ca mt
my nh lng v sai s nng sut l 1,74 %. Sai s ny tho mn yu cu cng
ngh sn xut phn vi sinh.
+ My lm vic n v nh v cht lng sn xut cng nh cht lng ch to.
My c cu to gn gng bn vng.

65

6. KT LUN V NGH
6.1. Kt lun
Bng ti ai ng dng trong vn chuyn phn vi sinh lm gim rt nhiu
sc lao ng trong vic vn chuyn cng nh nh lng phn vi sinh. My va
lm chc nng vn chuyn va l thit b nh lng lin tc ph hp vi yu cu
cng ngh sn xut phn vi sinh.
Bng ti c cu to n gin, lp t d dng, cc b phn hp thnh c
khi lng khng ln nn vn chuyn nh nhng thun tin.
S iu chnh sc cng bng n gin nh b phn cng bng l hai vt v
ba ai c c th iu chnh vt qua tri hoc phi nh m bng c th lm vic
n nh, v cng ph hp.
Vic nh lng cp liu ca bng ti ai c thc hin nh vo tm ca
x liu trn mng cp liu. S ln hay xung ca ca x s lm tng hoc gim
lng nguyn liu m bng vn chuyn c. Ty theo yu cu ca dy truyn
bng ti ai c th vn chuyn ti a ln 15 tn/ gi vi cng sut ng c 1 kW
v vn tc bng v = 0,4 m/s.
Vi nhng kt qu thc t hot ng cho thy s ph hp ca nhng thng
s tnh ton v thng s lm vic thc t. Vy bng ti ai c thit k ng dng
trong vn chuyn phn vi sinh t kt qu rt tt, p ng c nhu cu thay
th sc lao ng chn tay ca doanh nghip.
6.2. ngh
Vi nhng kt qu t c ban u ca ti l a bng ti ai vo ng
dng trong dy truyn sn xut phn vi sinh.. ngh tip tc theo di b sung
hon chnh t thit k, ch to n vn hnh.

66

7. Ti Liu Tham Kho

1. Hong Xun Nguyn, Ninh c Tn. Dung Sai Lp Ghp V o Lng
K Thut. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc - 1994.
2. L Tin Hon. Gio Trnh Cng Ngh Ch To. i Hc Nng Lm TP. H
Ch Minh - 2005.
3. Nguyn Trng Hip. Chi Tit My, tp I v II. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc, H
Ni - 1994.
4. Nguyn Hng Phong. Bi Ging Sc Bn Vt Liu I, II. i Hc Nng
Lm TP. H Ch Minh - 2005.
5. Nguyn Hng Phong. Bi Ging Chi Tit My I, II. i Hc Nng Lm TP.
H Ch Minh - 2005.
6. Nguyn Hng Nhn, Nguyn Danh Sn. K Thun Nng Chuyn, tp II.
Nh Xut Bn i Hc Quc Gia TP. H Ch Minh 2004.
7. Nguyn Nh Nam, Trn Th Thanh. My Gia Cng C Hc Nng Sn
Thc Phm. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc - 2000.
8. Nguyn Hong Sn. Vt Liu C Kh. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc - 2000.
9. Trnh Cht, L Vn Uyn. Tnh Ton, Thit K H Dn ng C Kh, tp I
v II. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc 2006.
10. Trn Hu Qu. V K Thut C Kh, tp I. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc 2004.
11. Trn Hu Qu, ng Vn C, Nguyn Vn Tun. V K Thut C Kh,
tpII. Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc 2003.

67

8. PH LC

68

69

70