Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Beton Tahan
Gempa
Oleh:
Iswandi Imran
KK-RS, FTSL-ITB
Perencanaan Struktur Beton Tahan
Gempa
Discontinuity
of Vertical
Elements
Insufficient
supporting
elements
Inadequately Designed Cantilever Transfer
Beams
Joint Eccentricity Between Main Beams and
Column
Joint Failure of Corner Column
Initiated by:
•Insufficient spacing
of ties
•Insufficient rebar
anchorage
•Use of plain bars
•Poor quality of
material
Inadequate Joint Reinforcement
No stirrup in
BC joint
Inadequate Detailing of Column
6db
Reinforcement
Poor material quality
x x x
x ≤ 350
Inadequate
Seismic Hook
& Confinement
The failure of
supporting elements
No anchorage to the
supporting elements
Penyebab Utama
Δleleh Δultimit
Δultimit
Faktor Daktilitas μ =
Δleleh
H H
Helastic
3/4 *Helastic
1/2 *Helastic
Kekuatan
Kebutuhan Daktilitas
1/4 *Helastic
MAX
Mode keruntuhan yang daktil pada Struktur Beton
adalah kelelehan tulangan
Daktilitas = Leleh
H
Keruntuhan =
Fracture Tulangan
atau
Crushing Beton
Metoda untuk Dapat Mengembangkan
Perilaku Daktil
Contoh:
(a) Perilaku yang Daktil
(b) Perilaku yang Kurang Daktil
Elemen Kunci untuk Perencanaan
Struktur Beton Tahan Gempa
Ve
R C1
Vm
Vy f
Vn
f1
δn δy δm T1
o 0 80 200 400 o
8 8
Kilometer
o o
6 6
Banda Aceh
1
2
3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
4o 4o
2o 2o
Manado
Ternate
Pekanbaru
1
o o
0 Samarinda
0
2
1
Padang Palu Manokwari 3
2 Sorong
3
4 Jambi Biak 4
5
6
o
2 4
5 Palangkaraya 5 2o
3
2 Jayapura
6
1
Palembang Banjarmasin
5
Bengkulu Kendari Ambon
o o
4 4 4
1 Makasar 3
Bandarlampung
Tual 2
o o
6 Jakarta 2 1
6
Bandung
Garut Semarang
Sukabumi Surabaya
Tasikmalaya Solo
Jogjakarta 3
Blitar Malang
8o Cilacap
Banyuwangi
4
8o
Denpasar Mataram
Merauke
5
6
10 o 5 Kupang 10 o
4
Wilayah 1 : 0,03 g 3
2
12
o
Wilayah 2 : 0,10 g 1
12
o
Wilayah 3 : 0,15 g
Wilayah 4 : 0,20 g
14 o 14 o
Wilayah 5 : 0,25 g
Wilayah 6 : 0,30 g
16 o 16 o
94 o 96 o 98 o 100 o 102 o 104 o 106 o 108 o 110 o 112 o 114 o 116 o 118 o 120 o 122 o 124 o 126 o 128 o 130 o 132 o 134 o 136 o 138 o 140 o
Gambar 2.1. Wilayah Gempa Indonesia dengan percepatan puncak batuan dasar dengan perioda ulang 500 tahun
Spektrum Respons Gempa Rencana
Am = 2,5 A0
Tc = 0,5 det, tanah
Am keras
0,6 det, tanah
A0
sedang
Ar / T 1,0 tanah lunak
Tc T T ≤ T c Î C = Am
A0 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6
T > T c Î C = Ar / T
B dsr 0.03 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
TK 0.04 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.28 0.33 di mana Ar = Am Tc
TS 0.05 0.15 0.23 0.28 0.32 0.36
Secara konseptual, merupakan
TL 0.08 0.20 0.30 0.34 0.36 0.38
adaptasi dari UBC-97
B Dsr = batuan dasar, TK = t keras, TS = t
sedang, TL = t lunak
Nilai Ar
Ar
SC Very Dense Soil & Soft 360 – 760 > 50 > 100
Rock (≥ 350)
(Tanah Keras)
SD Stiff Soil Profile 180 – 360 15 – 50 50 – 100
(Tanah Sedang) (175 – 350)
SE Soft Soil Profile < 180 < 15 < 50
(Tanah Lunak) (< 175)
SF Soil requiring site-specific evaluation
(Tanah Khusus)
Parameter Response Struktur
Design EQ Loads – Base Shear per ASCE 7-05:
V = Cs W
SDS SD1
Cs = ≤
( R I) T ( R I)
RESPONE SPEKTRA DESAIN (ASCE 7-05)
(g)
To Determine the Seismic Design Category (ASCE 7-05):
Determine SS and S1
SS = spectral response acceleration for maximum considered earthquake at short periods
S1 = spectral response acceleration for maximum considered earthquake at 1-sec period
Ss and S1 are read from maps (or from USGS website)
Essential facilities
(Hospitals, fire and police stations,
IV emergency shelters, etc) 1.5
Structures containing extremely
hazardous materials
Structures that pose a substantial
hazard to human life in the event of
failure
III 1.25
(buildings with 300 people in one area, day
care facilities with capacity more than 150,
schools with a capacity more than 250, etc)
SDCs: A
Increasing seismic risk
B
and
C
Increasingly stringent seismic
D design and detailing
requirements
E
F
Map for SS
Map for S1
To Determine the Seismic Design Category (ASCE 7-05):
Table 11.6-1
Seismic Design Category Based on Short Period Response
Accelerations
Occupancy Category
Value of
SDS I or II III IV
SDS< 0.167g A A A
0.167g ≤ SDS < 0.33g B B C
0.33g ≤ SDS < 0.50g C C D
0.50g ≤ SDS Da Da Da
a For sites with S1 ≥ 0.75g: Seismic Design Category = E for OC I, II, or III
Seismic Design Category = F for OC IV
Table 11.6-2
Seismic Design Category Based on 1-Second Period Response
Accelerations
Occupancy Category
Value of
SD1 I or II III IV
SD1< 0.067g A A A
0.067g ≤ SD1 < 0.133g B B C
0.133g ≤ SD1 < 0.20g C C D
0.20g ≤ SD1 Da Da Da
a For sites with S1 ≥ 0.75g: Seismic Design Category = E for OC I, II, or III
Seismic Design Category = F for OC IV
Long-Period Tansition Period, TL
Nilai R, Ωo dan Cd
Approksimasi Perioda Struktur Ta (ASCE 7-05)
Untuk Gedung dengan Jumlah lantai kurang
dari 12 Lantai, alternatif perhitungan perioda:
Fundamental Period :
Untuk Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen :
N = Jumlah Lantai
1.4D
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W)
1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
0.9D + 1.6W
1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L + 0.2S Load Combinations
Including E
0.9D + 1.0E
Kombinasi Beban Layan (ASCE-7):
1.0D
1.0D + 1.0L
1.0D + 1.0(Lr or S or R)
1.0D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
0.6D + W
1.0D + (1.0W or 0.7E)
Load Combinations
1.0D + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L Including E
0.6D + 0.7E
Definisi E untuk Penggunaan dalam Kombinasi Beban:
E = ρ QE + 0.2 SDS D
E = ρ QE - 0.2 SDS D
E = ρ QE ± 0.2 SDS D
Qe
SNI 1726 Seismic Zone 1,2 Seismic Zone 3,4 Seismic Zone 5,6
1. Definisi
2. Ketentuan Umum
3. Komponen Lentur SRPMK
4. Komponen SRPMK yang Menerima Kombinasi Lentur & Aksial
5. Hub Balok Kolom SRPMK
6. Dinding Struktural dan Balok Perangkai Khusus
7. Diafragma dan Rangka Batang Struktural
8. Fondasi
9. Komponen Struktur yang tidak Direncanakan untuk Memikul
Beban Gempa
10. Ketentuan untuk SRPMM
Material
lp = 0.5h
Spesifikasi Baja Tulangan
(ASTM A 706M, 1993)