INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

Final project 2015 (individual)

NAME: YONG AI YI
STUDENT ID: 0321977
INTAKE: MARCH 2015

INTRODUCTION
On this land I decided to build a 7 story building with three levels of lower ground floor
and also a rooftop for commercial I called this building as food paradise mall. This mall
only consist of shops that related to food only. I decided to build this food paradise
mall is because to create a place for people to enjoy many kind of food in one place.
They dont need to go different places to search their favourite food. This can make
them reduce wasting their time to find food. In my opinion, it is really a hard question
when comes to decided what should I eat for my breakfast, lunch and also dinner. So,
by creating a food mall will have many choices. Other than that, this is also a place
where people can chill and enjoy their weekend at food mall.
Three levels of lower ground floor will be parking spaces because our site lack of
parking spaces. Ground floor of this building is lobby. First floor is for Malay cuisine
restaurant and shops. Second floor is for Indian cuisine restaurant and shops. Third
floor is for Chinese cuisine restaurants and shops fourth floor is for Korean cuisine
restaurants and shops. Fifth floor is for Japanese cuisine restaurants and shops. Sixth
floor is for western cuisine restaurants and shops. The top floor, which is the seventh
floor is for dessert restaurants and shops. For the rooftop, there will be a bar and
lounge area.
The design for each floor will be in modern style but also with their own characteristic.
For example, first floor Malay cuisine restaurants and shops will be design in a style
with Malay characteristic such as texture of batik.

Benefits
The benefits to build this food paradise mall is our site is easily accessible from the
many various roads leading to it, the site is in the city, Kuala Lumpur. Our site near to
residential area, commercial areas and also education area. In my knowledge KL is a
place that always go through heavy jamming situation.so, people are less likely to go
through traffic jam when they go home. Also there are a lot of company such as banks
and business area near at my site. Therefore workers at there will find restaurant to
having their brunch. So this would be a perfect place to build a food mall. Other than
that, KL is a place where a lot of tourist would visit, so they can experience different
kind of cuisine in a mall.

Impacts
My site is in a city so this place is compact and noisy. Other than that, there will be no
any empty space at that particular area.

The amount of traffic becomes a little too overwhelming. So people will go for food
mall to have their brunch while waiting the jamming to disperse.

Since my site is at the city so there will be air pollution situation and sometimes there
are even haze occurs in that city.

ELEVATION OF FOOD PARADISE MALL

PLAN VIEW /ROOFTOP

Floor plan from 1st floor to 7th floor

Floor plan of ground floor (Lobby)

Floor plan for underground (parking area)

Rooftop area
Bar

Pergola

Lounge with glass roof

Outside lounge

Wooden decks

Wooden decks are installed on the floor at rooftop area. Decking makes
surroundings looks warm and relaxing
Glass roof

Glass roof located on the lounge to let people see sky view. This is also a design to
make the building more unique and Morden.

Fake turf

There are also fake turf cover some of the area to create a naturedly look and also a
greenish look.
Shrubs

There are shrubs locate in rooftop area to make surrounding more beautiful.
Flowering

There are climbing plants on the pergola to create a natural view.

7th floor (dessert restaurant and shops)

7th floor is the area that sells desserts. This area consist of different kind of dessert
of different country such as western dessert and Asian desserts. Other than that this
floor have different kind of dessert restaurant where people can chill and enjoy.
Other than that, there have shops that u can buy the ingredients to make your own
DIY dessert.

6th floor (western cuisine restaurant and shops)

6th floor is the level which consist different kind of western food such as Italian
cuisine, French cuisine and so on. In this floor, people can experience the
atmosphere that similar to western country. Other than that u can also find fast food
restaurant at here such as MacDonald and KFC.

5th floor (Japanese cuisine restaurant and shops)

6th floor is the level for Japanese cuisine restaurants and shops. These shop is
design in Morden concept and yet it still shows Japanese characteristic. Other than
restaurant there is also a shop which is a centre u can learn how to make Japanese
cuisine. Besides that, this level also have shops that sell special ingredients for
making Japanese cuisine.

4th floor (Korean cuisine restaurants and shops)

Nowadays, K-pop is known by worldwide people and most of the teenagers n adults
love to listen to Korean music. By opening Korean restaurant in this mall is one of
the best choice. There are different kind of Korean restaurant which is for vegetarian
customer, Muslim customer and Buddha customer.

3rd floor (Chinese cuisine restaurants and shops)

3rd floor is the level for Chinese cuisine restaurants and shops. This is the level
where people can search for Chinese cuisine such as dumplings or shaomai. These
Chinese cuisine restaurant also have different kind of shop which is shop that serve
vegetarian, halal or non- halal. Other than that you can also find ingredients to make
DIY Chinese cuisine.

2nd floor (Indian cuisine restaurant and shops)

For the 2nd floor it is for Indian cuisine restaurants and shops. In this floor we can find
most delicious curry in our country. Other than that, there are also a centre where
people can learn how to make curry or other Indian cuisine.

1st floor (Malay cuisine restaurants and shops)

In the 1st floor, it is for Malay cuisine restaurants and shops. In this level we can find
all kind of Malay food. Other than that, for non-Muslim people can experience on
how Malay people having their meals. From this, people can learn different culture
from different races through having foods.

Services and Facilities in This Food Mall

Services:
Wheel Chairs
The centre provides 6 free chairs for the use of customers with mobility issues.
These can be reserved by contacting the centre office on 028 3836 2251.
Customer Care
All staff at the centre are trained to the highest customer care standard of Welcome
Host and Welcome Host Plus for all senior staff. Also each member has received
their Welcome All certificate for disability training.
First Aiders
All staff at the centre are first aid trained for your health & safety.
Security & CCTV
For your safety we have 24 hour security and a high tech digital system covering the
entire centre.
Radio Link
High Street Mall tenants and security are part of the Portadown Retailers Against
Crime Net, linking the town centre for your added safety.
Safe Child Scheme
All stores are registered and trained in the safe child scheme to assist with lost
children quickly and effectively.
Car Parking Charges
0 - 1 Hours: FREE
1 - 2 Hours: FREE
2 - 3 Hours: RM 1

3 - 4 Hours: RM1.3
4 - 5 Hours: RM1.6
5 - 6 Hours: RM1.9
6 - 7 Hours: RM2.2
7+ Hours:

RM2.50

Covered Parking
The centre provides over half of its 500 parking spaces undercover for all our wet
and busy days.
503 Spaces
Free parking from 5pm every Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and all day Sunday.
Baby Changing
2 baby stations are provided within the main toilet area, with additional feeding area.
Free Wi-Fi
We have Free Wi-Fi available throughout High Street Mall

Facilities:
Public Toilets

Disabled Toilets

Baby Changing

Public Phone

ATM

Customer Services Desk & Information Point

Lift

PROFESSIONS INVOLVED IN THIS PROJECT

1. Contractor
2. Architect
3. Quantity surveyor
4. Civil and structural engineer
5. Mechanical and electrical engineer
6. Supplier

Contractor
Contractors are responsible for overseeing construction on both new and old
buildings and structures. A contractor helps to organize and manage all aspects of a
building site. The job requires someone who is detail-oriented and who enjoys
working on construction sites but may not be enthusiastic about rewiring cables or
rerouting plumbing themselves. The primary duties of the contractor are responsible
for completing a building project on time and within a budget. Contractors dont
usually do any of the heavy lifting in a construction site themselves, but they oversee
teams of subcontractors who are doing the work. The principal contractor has an
absolute duty to prepare the construction phase plan prior to construction
commencement, and develop, communicate, implement and amend the plan as
necessary to maintain its sufficiency to effectively plan, manage and monitor the
construction work. This should ensure that the work is performed, so far as
reasonably practicable, without risks to health and safety.
Plan and manage the construction processes
The principal contractor has an absolute duty to plan, manage and monitor the
construction such that the work is performed in a safe and healthy manner, so far as
reasonably practicable. As part of this, the principal contractor shall facilitate cooperation and co-ordination between contractors, and designers if required, and the
application of the general principles of prevention.
To achieve this obligation, the principal contractor must review the risk assessments
and written safe system of work (method statements) produced by the various
contractors engaged on the project to ensure that:

they are safe and comply with health and safety law and standards;

adequately describe the safe method of working; and

Will not cause additional risk to themselves or others due to interactions with
other activities being performed in the same place at the same time.

The principal contractor needs to monitor the way in which the work is being carried
out to ensure that the precautions and rules specified in the construction phase plan
are being followed. The monitoring will also establish whether the precautions
prescribed are effective in the elimination, reduction and control of risk. Without any
monitoring, the construction phase plan may not adequately control the processes
and the associated risks. This does not mean that the principal contractor must
directly supervise other contractor's work.
In planning, managing and monitoring the health and safety of the site the principal
contractor must give detailed consideration to:

emergency arrangements and procedures (e.g. fire, bomb threat, means of

escape, evacuation, confined spaces)

use and shared use of work equipment (e.g. cranes hoists, lifts, suspended
access)

coordinating contractor activities so that they do not create hazards for each
other

As part of the arrangements for managing site health and safety, the principal
contractor on all projects will need to include within the construction phase plan the:

Fire risk assessment and fire safety plan for the site;

The site traffic management plan, ensuring so far as is reasonably practicable

that pedestrians within the site are segregated from transport and plant;
providing site rules for the movement of transport and plant where this
segregation has not been achieved, e.g. banks persons and high visibility
clothing;

Waste management arrangements, which for projects that have a

construction value of more than 300,000 will be contained within the Site
Waste Management Plan, as required by the Site Waste Management Plans
Regulations 2008 (SWMP). It should be noted that the principal contractor
appointed under CDM may not be the same principal contractor appointed

under the Site Waste Management Plans Regulations, although it makes

sense for this to be the case. The appointments of CDM principal contractor
and the appointment of the SWMP principal contractor must both be made in
writing by the client.
The Principal Contractor must also ensure that other contractors plan, manage and
monitor their own work, including performing inspections and audits.
Monitoring is performed both proactively and reactively. The proactive monitoring
would involve site tours, inspections and audits, with reactive monitoring being the
investigation into the causes of accidents and incidents that occur on the site.
To enable the principal contractor to comply with this requirement, contractors have
a duty to inform the principal contractor of any accident of incident that is reportable
to the HSE under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR). However, it would also be useful for the principal
contractor to be informed of other, non-reportable, accidents and incidents. This
could be instructed under contract or as part of the construction phase plan.

Architect
An architect is hired by a client to produce detailed of a concept or idea that the
client wants to bring to reality. Architect need to comply with building and safety
regulations, local planning regulations and restrictions. Depending on the project there
may be laws surrounding the preservation of the local environment or any historic part
of a building. Regular client meeting are important to establish requirements and
discuss detailed design proposals. Heading up the team of professionals who will work
on this stage of the project including engineers, designers and financiers is also
essential.
During the documentation phase, the responsibilities are to producing design,
detailed drawings and using technology such as CAD to test the feasibility of the
design. Architect need to consider about clients requirements, budget and regulations.
Once the design documents are complete, there are then a second set of documents
that need to be produced.
These are the construction documents, which translate the design into
instructions and technical specifications for contractors and construction experts to
refer. Once the project reaches the construction stage, the architect need to be
involved in site visits and meetings, overseeing the contractors and signing off on
various pieces of work, negotiating with contractors and dealing with and resolving any
problems that arise. The steps that architect need to undergone before and during
construction is meeting , client brief to initial design, developed design , detailed
design ,tendering for a contractor and the last one is construction.
Step 1 meeting
Before an architect start to design, there will be a meeting between architect and his
client to discuss about the project. They will discuss about estimation of fee of the
architect before starting a project.

Step 2 client brief to initial design

Architect and the client will discuss about the detail requirement and aspiration. This
process is important that client can advise the architect of his budget, time frame and
any other parameters, as there will affect the design. The information he provide for
his architect is called The Brief. The architect will analyse the brief requirements and
present initial design proposals.
Step 3 developed design
To translate the brief to design, architect will create the initial proposal into a more
developed design. At the developed design stage, architect will need to finalise the
layout of spaces, the materials for the construction and incorporate the work of any
specialist consultants, such as a structural engineer who will advise on the structure.
Step 4 detailed design
After client satisfies with the architects design, architect will proceed into detailed
drawings, including site work and specification finishes.
Step 5 tendering for a contractor
Architect will prepare Forms of Tender for the main and specialist contractor. It Is
advise to have at least three contractors submit costings (tenders) for a project. As
each contractor will base their costing on the same information, tenders can be
compared and analysed and the best price found. Architect and quantity surveyor will
also help the client to evaluate the tenders received.
Step 6 - Construction
During construction, architect will act on behalf of client as an independent advisor,
inspecting the building work at intervals to ensure that it is being carried out generally
in accordance with the contract documents. Architect will administer the contract and

advise the client on stage payments during the projects. The architects work continues
until after the building work.

Quantity Surveyor
A quantity surveyor manages all cost relating to building and civil engineering projects,
from the initial calculations to the final figures. Quantity surveyor seek to minimise the
costs of a project and enhance value for money, while still achieves the required
standards and quality. Many of these are specified by statutory building regulations,
which the surveyor needs to understand and adhere to.
A quantity surveyor may work for either the client or the contractor, working in an office
or on site. They are involved in a project from the start, preparing estimates and costs
of the work. When the project is in the contract that may effects costs and create
reports to show profitability. The tittle of the job may also be referred to as a
construction cost consultant or commercial manager.
Before construction starts
Quantity surveyors can help with feasibility studies for a project. They can roughly
estimate whats involved in the project, based on measurements of the designers or
clients sketches.
The quantity surveyor studies the architects and engineers plans, identifies the costs
involved, and then sets an overall estimated budget for the project. They may compare
the project with others like it.
The quantity surveyor can then plan costs to help the design team stay within the
project budget using practical solutions. This is called value engineering.
The final detailed estimate is prepared by the quantity surveyor, together with a project
architect. This is the basis for evaluating tenders.

When construction starts, the quantity surveyor keeps costs on track

Once the building starts, the quantity surveyor can provide cash flow data so the client
can arrange the finances needed for each stage of the project.
The quantity surveyor can also assess cost effects when changes to the project occur,
such as delays, and agree on variation with contractors.
The quantity surveyor can provide a bank with a project report and help a client by
preparing draw down certificates for money to be loaned by the bank.
Resolving disputes between clients, designers and building contractors is another role
in some projects.

When construction is over, the quantity surveyor adds up the total cost
The quantity surveyor can prepare a statement of final account, which records the
actual costs for all sections of the job.

Civil and Structural Engineer

The role of the structural engineer is a key component in the construction process.
Part of the wider discipline of civil engineering, structural engineering is concerned
with the design and physical integrity of buildings and other large structures, like
tunnels and bridges. Structural engineers have wide range of responsibilities - not
least a duty to ensure the safety and durability of the project on which they are
working.
Unlike architects, who must focus on the appearance, shape, size and use of the
building, structural engineers must solve technical problems - and help the architect
achieve his or her vision for the project.
Structural engineers work in offices and on construction sites - or may split their time
between both contexts. Locations can be varied, including work in metropolitan and
rural environments. Depending on the size of the project, structural engineers may
also be required to work long hours - in teams consisting of professional, skilled and
semi-skilled workers.

Structural engineers must have a strong grasp of physics, three-dimensional

conceptual skills and creative problem solving. Outside of an ability to apply
principles of mechanics, mathematics and physics to construct safe, sustainable
buildings, the roles and responsibilities of structural engineers include:
Design:
Many structural engineers deal primarily in the design of structures - calculating the
loads and stresses the construction will have to safely withstand. Structural
engineers should be able to factor in the different qualities and strengths delivered
by a range of building materials, and understand how to incorporate support beams,
columns and foundations.
Investigation:
Before work can begin, structural engineers are involved in the investigation and
survey of build sites to determine the suitability of the earth for the requirements of
the upcoming project.
Communication:
Structural engineers will be required to co-ordinate and consult with other members
of their projects, including engineers, environmental scientists, architects and
landscape architects. They may also be required to assist government bodies in their
own inspections relating to the project.
Management:
Structural engineers are often responsible for the organisation and delivery of
materials and equipment for the needs of the construction project. The supervision
and management of on-site labour may also be a necessity.

Civil engineers work at the highest level of design and plan large infrastructure
projects, such as airports and roadways, which requires solving complex problems.
Civil engineers must determine the feasibility of plans, especially regarding financial
costs and safety concerns. Urban and regional planners often look to civil engineers
for advice on these issues. Civil engineers are ultimately responsible for the
infrastructure projects design and implementation. Therefore, they must be able to
lead surveyors, construction managers, civil engineering technicians, and others to
implement the plan.

Civil engineers use the principles of calculus, trigonometry, and other advanced
topics in mathematics for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work. Only
licensed civil engineers can sign the plans for infrastructure projects. This makes it
imperative that civil engineers be able to monitor and evaluate the work at the job site
as a project progresses. Civil engineers must be able to communicate with other
professionals, such as architects, landscape architects, and urban and regional
planners. This means that civil engineers must be able to write clear reports that
people without an engineering background can follow.

Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative positions ranging from

supervisor of a construction site to city engineer. Others work in design, construction,
research, and teaching. They work with others on projects and may be assisted by
civil engineering technicians and technologists. Various levels of government employ
civil engineers to do many of the same things done in private industry, except that the
government-employed civil engineers may also inspect projects to be sure that they
comply with regulations.

A civil engineer's tasks typically involve the following:

Analyse survey reports, maps, and other data to plan projects

Consider construction costs, government regulations, potential

environmental hazards, and other factors in planning stages

Test soils to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations

Test building materials, such as concrete, asphalt, or steel, for use in

particular projects

Provide cost estimates for materials, equipment, or labour to determine

a projects economic feasibility

Use design software to plan and design transportation systems,

hydraulic systems, and structures in line with industry and government
standards

Oversee, or participate in, surveying to establish reference points,

grades, and elevations to guide construction

Present their findings to the public on topics such as bid proposals,

environmental impact statements, or property descriptions

Mechanical and Electrical Engineer

Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies the principles of
engineering, physics and material science for the design, analysis, manufacturing
and maintenance of mechanical system. They work on a project from the initial brief,
through the design and development stage to the testing phase and following the
project through right up implementation, right down to producing details of
specification and outline designs. Mechanical and electrical engineering need to
discuss and cooperate with architect and produce an electrical plan. During
construction, the engineers need to monitor the installation process. After the
construction, mechanical and electrical engineering also have responsible on
maintenance in certain time limit 2 to 3 years.

Supplier
A supplier is a supply chain management term that means anyone who
provides goods or services to a company or individuals. Supplier is the one who
supplies materials to the site. He needs to test and check the materials to ensure
they are safe and free of faults and consistently meet any mandatory standards that
apply. Next, he needs to ensure the installation of materials and equipment goes
smoothly. Supplier is also sometimes recognized as subcontractor because of their
large contribution to a project.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I learned that there are many profession which involved in
construction which are architect, contractor, quantity surveyor, civil engineer and
other profession. These profession has their own roles and jobs to accomplish their
task in a constructions. Other than that, to construct a construction need to do a lot
of planning and preparations.
From this project, I learned how to do analysis on site and understand what the site
suitable to build what kind of building.