THE LOWER EXTREMITY

THE HIP AND THIGH

REGIONS
OSTEOLOGY OF THE HIP
AND THIGH REGIONS

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

FUNCTIONS:
-Support body weight
-Propulsion/locomotion
-Maintain equilibrium

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

FOUR REGIONS OF THE LOWER
LIMB
1. Hip
2. Thigh
3. Leg
4. Foot

THE PELVIC
GIRDLE (THE
INNOMINATE
BONE)

KNOW THE FF:

1. What are the
bones that composed
the pelvic girdle?
2. What is the pelvis?
What are the
structures that
composed the pelvis?
3. What are the
bones that composed
the pelvic (or coxal)
bone at birth?
4. What is the
symphysis pubis?
Where is it located
5. What is the

THE PELVIC
GIRDLE
INFERIOR VIEW OF
THE PELVIC RING.
OBSERVE THE FF:
1. The inferior
pubic rami
anteriorly
2. The prominent
ischial tuberosities
on both sides
3. The sacrum
and the coccyx

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC

GIRDLE
THE HIP BONE (lateral
view)

THE HIP BONE (medial

view)

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC

GIRDLE
LATERAL SURFACE OF THE ALA
Features: the gluteal lines
ISCHIUM:
Features:
-Body
-Ramus of the ischium
-Ischiopubic ramus
-Obturator foramen
-Greater Sciatic notch
-Ischial spine
-lesser sciatic notch
-Ischial tuberosity

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC

GIRDLE
THE ILIUM
Features:
-Ala
-iliac crest
-iliac tubercle
-Anterior superior iliac spine
-anterior inferior iliac spine
-posterior superior iliac spine
Lateral side of iliac bone:
gluteal lines
Medial side of iliac bone:
Iliac fossa

THE LOWER
EXTREMITY: THE
PELVIC GIRDLE

THE PUBIC BONE

FEATURES:
-Body of pubis
-Symphysis
pubis
-Pubic crest
-Pubic tubercles
-Superior ramus
-Pectin pubis
(pectineal line)

THE PELVIS

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC

GIRDLE
THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN, OBTURATOR
CANAL, THE GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH, AND
THE LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH (MEDIAL VIEW)

LATERAL VIEW OF THE PELVIS SHOWING THE

ACETABULUM, OBTURATOR FORAMEN,
GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE
FEMUR

POSTERIOR SIDE OF THE

FEMUR

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

THE HIP AND THIGH
THE FEMUR

OSTEOLOGIC FEATURES
Femoral head
Femoral neck
-Angle of inclination
-Torsion angle
Shaft of the femur
-Intertrochanteric line
-Greater trochanter
-Lesser trochanter
-Linea aspera
-Pectineal (spiral) line
-gluteal tuberosity
-Adductor tubercle

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
TORSION ANGLE of
FEMUR
- describes the relative
rotation(or twist that
exists between the shaft
of and neck of femur
-Normal torsion angle
(called as normal
anteversion): 10- 15
degrees
-Excessive anteversion
-Retroversion

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
NORMAL TORSION ANGLE (or,
NORMAL ANTEVERSION

EXCESSIVE ANTEVERSION

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
NORMAL FEMORAL
ANTEVERSION

FEMORAL RETROVERSION

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE
PROXIMAL FEMUR

TWO BONE
COMPOSITION
-Compact bone
-Cancellous bone
-trabecular networks
-medial trabecular
network
-arcuate trabecular
network

A FRONTAL PLANE CROSS-SECTION SHOWING

THE INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE
PROXIMAL FEMUR

THE HIP JOINT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY
THE HIP AND THIGH

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
THE HIP JOINTS IN RELATION
TO THE INGUINAL LIGAMENTS

THE HIP IS OPENED TO EXPOSE

ITS INTERNAL COMPONENT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
THE ACETABULUM
JOINT FEATURES
-deep, hemispheric cuplike socket
-acetabular notch
-transverse acetabular
ligament
-acetabular labrum
-lunate surface
-acetabular fossa

THE HIP JOINT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS OF
THE HIP

FEATURES
-Capsule
-longitudinal fibers
-Circular fibers known
as Zona Orbicularis
-Synovial membrane
Ligaments:
-Iliofemoral
-Pubofemoral
-Ischiofemoral

LIGAMENTS OF THE HIP

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
CORONAL
SECTION OF
THE HIP JOINT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH
ANTERIOR VIEW OF
THE HIP SHOWING THE
ANTERIOR CAPSULE

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH

POSTERIOR
ASPECT OF THE
HIP

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

THE HIP AND THIGH

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