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CU TO MT H THNG KH NN
i vi mt h thng kh nn trung tm thng thng bao gm cc thit b c bn sau:
I.MY NN KH:
y l thit b quan trng nht i vi h thng kh nn(n c coi nh tri tim ca h
thng),bi v my nn kh trc tip sn sinh ra kh nn cung cp ti cc thit b v cc
v tr c nhu cu s dng kh nn.
ng dng ca my nn kh c s dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh:ngnh
khai thc khong sn,cc ngnh cng nghip nng,ngnh y t.Cho n ngy nay my nn
kh c ph bin kh rng ri khng nhng trong sn xut m cn c s dng trong
sinh hot hng ngy bi tin ch thit thc m n mang li trong hot ng hng ngy ca
chng ta.
Ty vo mc ch s dng v cng sut,tnh nng ca tng loi my nn kh,m n c
chia ra thnh mt s tn gi vi thit k,cho tng mc ch s dng khc nhau.Tuy
3.My nn kh i lu:
My nn kh i lu s dng h thng cnh qut trong
rotor nn dng lu kh,cnh qut ca stator c nh
nm pha di ca mi rotor li y trc tip dng kh
vo nhng h thng cnh qut ca rotor tip theo.Vng
khng gian ng i khng kh ngy cng gim dn thng
qua my nn kh tng sc nn.My nn kh theo
phng php nn kh i lu thng c s dng khi
cn dng chuyn ng cao,v d nh trong nhng ng c turbin ln.Hu nh chng
c s dng nhiu trong mt dy truyn.Trng hp t l p sut di 4:1, tng hiu
qu ca qu trnh hot ng ngi ta thng s dng nhng iu chnh v hnh hc.
4.My nn kh ly tm:
My nn kh ly tm s dng a xoay hnh cnh qut
hoc bnh y p kh vo phn ra ca bnh y lm
tng tc ca kh.B phn khuch tn ca my s
chuyn i nng lng ca tc thnh p sut.My
nn kh ly tm thng c s dng trong cc ngnh
cng nghip nng v trong mi trng lm vic lin
tc.Chng thng c lp c nh.Cng sut ca
chng c th t hng trm n hng nghn m lc,vi
h thng lm vic gm nhiu my nn kh ly tm,chng c th tng p u ra hn
1000lbf/in2(69Mpa).
Nhiu h thng lm tuyt nhn to s dng loi my nn kh ny.Chng c th s dng
ng c t trong,b np hoc ng c turbin.My nn kh ly tm c s dng trong
mt ng c tuabin bng gas nh hoc gn ging nh tng kh nn cui cng ca ng c
turbin c trung bnh.
5.My nn kh dng hn hp:
My nn kh dng hn hp cng tng t nh my nn kh ly tm,nhng vn tc i
xng li ni t rotor.B khuch tn thng s dng bin i dng kh hn hp thnh
dng kh i lu.
My nn kh dng hn hp c 01 b khuch tn
ng knh nh hn ca my nn kh ly tm tng
ng.
IV.THIT B PH TR KHC.
Ngoi nhng thit b c bn nh:my nn kh,bnh cha kh,my sy kh,lc kh h thng
kh nn cn c thm cc thit b ph tr khc nh:
Cc b t ng x nc: b t ng x nc s c lp t ti cc v tr m h thng
kh nn d c kh nng xy ra ngng t(thng c lp t cc v tr thp nht) trong
h thng ng ng cung cp kh nn.Cng c th lp t ti v tr x y ca cc thit b
nh:after cooler, bnh cha kh(binh tich khi) v mt vi v tr khc ty theo yu cu ca
ngi s dng.
ng h p sut : thit b ny thng c lp t ti phng my, ngi vn hnh d
dng theo di v kim tra,ta cng c th lp t ti bt c v tr no,nu nh ngi s
dng c nhu cu theo di p sut ca ton h thng kh nn.
B lm mt s b kh nn(after cooler): vi thit b ny ty vo nhu cu ca ngi s
dng,bi v n c tc dng lm mt s b kh nn ca my nn kh trc khi cung cp ti
cc thit b x l kh nn nh:lc kh th,my sy kh,lc kh tinh.N c bit hiu qu
khi khch hng hin ang s dng cc loi my sy kh c nhit u vo thp lm
tng hiu qu tch m ca my sy kh.
Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu cc thit b ph tr khc n ty thuc vo nhu cu s dng kh nn
m khch hng c th yu cu nh cung cp t vn hoc cung cp cc thit b khc nhau.
B. MY NN KH V NGUYN L HOT NG
My sy kh v nguyn l lm vic ca my sy kh
Du nc,cht bn sau khi c tch ra khi dng kh nn s c tch ra ngoi qua van
thot nc ngng t ( b t ng x nc ).
Dng kh nn c lm sch v cn lnh s c a n b phn trao i nhit nng
nhit ln khong t 6-8 C,trc khi a vo s dng.
Chu k hot ng ca cht lm lnh c thc hin bng my nn pht cht lm
lnh.Sau khi cht lm lnh c nn qua my nn,nhit s tng nn,bnh ngng t s
c tc dng gii nhit cht lm lnh bng qut gi.Van iu chnh lu lng v r le iu
chnh nhit c nhim v iu chnh dng lu lng cht lm lnh hot ng trong khi
c ti,khng ti v hi qu nhit.
Vi loi my sy kh kiu lm lnh thng c s dng trong cc trng hp yu cu
nhit im sng trn 0 C.
Phng php sy kh bng my sy kh ( may say khi kieu lam lanh ) c dng kh ph
bin bi chng c nhng u im nh:chi ph u t thp,d vn hnh,d sa cha v
my sy kh lm vic kh n nh.
Nguyn l lm ca my sy kh ( kiu hp
th ) l: cht sy kh hay cn c gi l
cht ho nc s hp th lng hi nc
trong khng kh m.Thit b gm hai
bnh,bnh th nht cha cht sy kh v thc
hin qu trnh ht m,bnh th hai ti to li
kh nng hp th ca cht sy kh.Cht sy
kh thng c s dng:Silicagen
SiO2,nhit im sng -50 C,ti to
t 120 C n 180 C ( may say khi hap thu ).
Kh nn c cp bi my nn kh c cung cp vo bnh, i qua cht hp th.Lng
hi nc trong kh nn kt hp vi cht hp th to thnh git nc lng xung y
bnh,phn nc ngng t c dn ra ngoi bng van x y ( thng l cc b t ng
x nc ).Phn kh nn kh s theo ca ra ca bnh cp cho h thng.
My sy kh hp th c dng trong trng hp h thng yu cu s l kh nn cung
cp cho h thng t tiu chun cao,kh nng tch nc ra khi kh nn t ti mc
99,99%, thng nhit di 0 C.
Nhc im ca my sy kh hp th:chi ph u t cao,tn tht kh nn nhiu v ch
c s dng trong mt s ngnh nh : ch bin dc phm,thc phm.