THERMOCHEMISTRY

is the study of theenergyandheatassociated withchemical reactions

and/or physical transformations. A reaction may release or absorb
energy, and a phase change may do the same, such as inmeltingand
boiling. Thermochemistry focuses on these energy changes, particularly
on thesystem's energy exchange with itssurroundings. Thermochemistry
is useful in predicting reactant and product quantities throughout the
course of a given reaction. It is also used to predict whether a reaction
is spontaneous or non-spontaneous, favorable or unfavorable.
( Source Wikipedia)

ENTHALPY CHANGE OF
REACTION

Exothermic-a process or reaction

that releases energy from the system

Endothermic-a process or reaction

that absorb energy from the system

H=-ve

H=+ve

Temperature will increase till

reaction is complete.

Temperature of the surrounding will

decrease till reaction is complete.

Products are more stable then

reactant

Reactants are more stable then

product.

STANDARD ENTHALPY CHANGE OF

REACTION
-Standard
state conditions are at 101.3 kPa and

298 K
Physical states must be written in subscript in the
chemical equation
Example:

Standard condtions
Pressure=101.3 kPa and Temperature=298 K.
For aqueous solution concentration must be 1.0
Pure substance, for example element or compound
at its standard state for example are usually
stable

FORMULA USED TO CALCULATE THE

HEAT CHANGE OF A REACTION

Where (J)

STANDARD ENTHALPY OF
COMBUSTION,
The
standard enthalpy of combustion is the heat

energy evolved(released) when one mole of a

substance is completely burned in excess oxygen
at 1 atm.
(
Example of chemical equation involving

STANDARD ENTHALPY OF
FORMATION

The
standard enthalpy change of formation is the

heat change when one mole of substance is

formed from its constituent element

Example of chemical reaction involving

PREDICTING THE RELATIVE STABILITIES OF

COMPOUND BY USING STANDARD ENTHALPY OF
FORMATION

Generally,
the more negative value the the more stable

the product formed. However this doesnt applied for all

compound for example:

Hydrogen peroxide is energetically stable than its

hydrogen and oxygen, however hydrogen can decompose
into water and oxygen

This shows that Hydrogen peroxide is energetically less

stable compared to water and oxygen