ADVANCED TRANSPORT

PROCESSES
Energy Transport
Energy Transport With Energy Dissipation

Heat Conduction with Viscous

Dissipation
Heat Conduction with Viscous Energy Dissipation:- Consider an
incompressible Newtonian fluid between two coaxial cylinders Shown
in Figure 10.4-1. The surface of the inner and outer cylinders are
maintained at T=T0 and T=Tb, respectively .
a. Determine the temperature distribution.
a. If T0=Tb what will be the temperature distribution, the radius at
which there will be maximum temperature and the maximum
temperature.
Top surface moved with velocity v =R
b

Stationary surface
Curvature of the bounding
surface neglected
2

Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Schematic diagram for simplified model

Assumptions
It is a flow system

Laminar flow, vz=f(x)

vx=vy=0
- There is energy generation due to viscous dissipation
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Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Momentum Transport Mechanism

yx 0

xx p v x v x constant

(1)

xz xz

(2)

Energy Transport Mechanism

0 vx=0

ex q x

1
2

v 2 H v x v x q x v x

vx
xx xy xz xx v x xy v y xz v z

vy
v yx yy yz
v yy v y yz v z
v z yx x
v v v
zy y
zz z
zx zy zz zx x

(3)

(4)

Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

0 vx=0

0 vy=0

vx xx vx xy v y xz vz
vx xz vz

(5)

Therefore using (5) in (3), the combined energy flux can be described as

ex q x xz v z

(6)

Shell Energy Balance

x+x
x

ex | x x

ex | x
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Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Shell Energy Balance Equation

WL(ex | x ex | x x ) 0

(7)

ex | x ex | x x
0
x

(8)

dex
0
dx

(9)

ex c1

(10)

Using (6) in (10)

q x xz v z c1

(11)
6

Applying Fouriers Law of Heat conduction and Newtons Law of viscosity in (10)

dT
dv
v z z c1
dx
dx

(12)

Note that from the assumptions vz in (12) is a function of x and the velocity
distribution should be found from momentum balance to integrate (12)
Momentum Balance
Simplifying the equation of motion for the given problem
0
0
0
0

dp

xz yz zz g z
dz x
x
x

(13)

Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

d xz
0
dx

(14)

Integrating (14)

xz C1

(15)

Using Newtons Law of viscosity and rearranging

dv z
c
1
dx

(16)

Integrating (16)

vz

c1

x c2

(17)

Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Using B.C.1. at x=0 vz=0

c2 0

(18)

Using (18) and B.C.2. at x=b vz=vb in (17)

vb

c1

vb
c1
b

(19)

Using (19) and (18) in (17)

x
v z vb
b

(20)

Taking the derivative of (20) with respect to x

dv z vb

dx
b

(21)
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Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Using (20) and (21) in (12)
2

dT
v
k
x b c1
dx
b

(22)

Rearranging (22)

dT
c v
1 x b
dx
k k b

(23)

Integrating (23) with the boundary conditions as follows:

at any x the temperature is T and at x=0 T=T0
2
c
vb x
T T0
1x
k
k b 2
2

Rearranging we get

1 x 2 c1
vb x
2 k b
k
2

T T0

(24a)
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Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Similarly at x=b T=Tb and at x=0 T=T0

1 2 c1
Tb T0 vb b
2 k
k

(24b)

Rearranging (24b) and using it in (24a) to eliminate c1x/k and rearranging

T T0
1
x
x x
Br 1
Tb T0 2
b
b b

(25)

Where the dimensionless Brinkman number (Br) is defined as

vb2
Br
k (Tb T0 )

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Heat Conduction with a Heat Source

Solve the problem if T0=Tb
When T0=Tb (24b) can be rearranged to

c1
1 1 2
vb
k
2 b k

(26)

Using (26) in (24a) and rearranging the temperature distribution is

obtained as

T T0 1 vb2 x
x

T0
2 kT0 b
b

(27)

12