CRUDE OIL TREATING SYSTEMS DESIGN MANUAL BY Cc. RICHARD SIVALLS SIVALLS, INC. BOX 2792 ODESSA, TEXAS 79760a Nh. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW CRUDE OIL TREATING SYSTEMS DESIGN MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Technical Bulletin No. 133 - Crude Oi1 Treating System ~ Design and Sizing General Theory and Systems 1-3 ‘Treaters and Gunbarrel Tanks 3-5 Heat Required 5 Direct Heaters 6 Indirect Heaters 6 Steam Generators 6-7 Heat Loss 7-8 Free Water Knockouts 8-9 Retention Time 9 Figure 1 - Capacities of Vertical Conventional Treaters ul Figure 1A - Capacities of Vertical Downflow Treaters 2 Figure 2 - Capacities of Gunbarrel Tanks 13 Figure 3 - Heat Required, O11-Water Emulsions 4 Figure 3A ~ Overall Film Coefficients for Water, Indirect Heaters 15, Figure 3B - Overall Film Coefficients for Oil, Indirect Heaters 16 Figure 4 - Capacities of Horizontal Free Water Knockouts v7 Figure 5 - Capacities of Vertical Free Water Knockouts 18 Figure 6 - Retention Times in Vessels 19 Figure 7 - Capacities of Horizontal Downflow Treaters 20 Technical Bulletin No. 166 - Crude Oil Treating Equipment General Descriptions 1-4 Figures 1 & 2 - Type A Vertical Treaters 5-6 Figures 3 & 4 - Type E Standard Vertical Treaters 7-8 Figures 5 & 6 - Type E Cold Weather Vertical Treaters 9-10 Figures 7 & 8 - Type G Vertical Treaters n-12 Figures 9 & 10 - Type C Vertical Treaters 13-14 Tables 1A, 1B, & 1C ~ Specifications of Vertical Treaters (ALL types except 6) 15 - 16 Table 2 - Specifications of Type G Vertical Treaters 16 Figures 11 & 12 - Horizontal Treaters 47 - 18 Table 3 - Specifications of Horizontal Treaters 19 Table 4 - Specifications of Welded Tanks 20 Table 5 - Capacities of Welded Tanks 21 Figure 13 - Standard Welded Tanks 22 Table 6 - Standard Connections on Welded Tanks 22 Figure 14 - Welded Gunbarrel Tanks 23 Figure 15 - Type VJ Direct Heaters 24 Table 7 - Specifications of VJ Heaters 24 Figure 16 - Horizontal Direct Heaters 25 Table 8 - Specifications of Horizontal Direct Heaters 26 Figure 17 - Indirect Heaters 26 Table 9 - Steel Pipe Coils, Indirect Heaters 26ae Ni. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW Table 10 - Specifications, Indirect Heaters with Steel Pipe Coils Table 11 - Specifications, Indirect Heaters with cast Iron Coils Figure 18 - Steam Generators Table 12 - Specifications, Steam Generators Figure 19 - Vertical Free Water Knockouts Table 13 - Specifications, Vertical Free Water Knockouts Figure 20 - Horizontal Free Water Knockouts Table 14 - Specifications, Horizontal Free Water Knockouts Brochure ~ Vertical Type A Downflow Treatera Nib. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW April 15, 1979 SECTION: 400 TECHNICAL BULLETIN No. 133, Revision 2 CRUDE OIL TREATING SYSTEMS DESIGN AND SIZING GENERAL Treating systems have long been one of the most expensive and troublesome of all lease surface equipment. Also, there has been little data available for accurately sizing treating equipment, and as a result, treating equipment is frequently over or under sized. By selection of the best type of treating system for each location, and accurately determining the exact size of equipment required, considerable expense can usually be saved. In this bulletin are descriptions of various types of treating systems, and their advantages and disadvantages, along with graphs and formula for sizing various types of treating systems. SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF SYSTEM: In selecting a treating system, a number of factors should be considered to deter- mine the most desirable method of treating the crude oil to pipeline requirements. Some of these factors are: 1. Tightness of the emulsion. 2. Specific gravity of the oil and produced water. 3. Corrosiveness of the crude, oil, produced water and casing head gas. 4, Sealing tendencies of the produced water. 5. Quantity of fluid to be treated and percent water in the fluid. 6. Availability of a sales line for the casing head gas produced. 7. Desirable operating pressures for equipment. 8. Paraffin forming tendencies of the crude oil. ‘The following is a list of the general types of treating systems conmonly employed and briefly their recommended applications. Treating System Recommended Application Pressure Type Treaters Medium to high gravity oils (30°F API and up), when sweet or slightly corro- sive, with a sales line available for casing head gas, Normally used in preference to other types of treating systems for conservation of all gravity and recovery of rich vapors. Gunbarrel Tanks without Heat Loose emulsions of all gravity oils, with inlet fluid temperatures of 80°Fa Ny Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW Gunbarrel Tanks with Direct Sweet or slightly corrosive oils of all Heaters gravities for both loose, moderate, and tight emulsions. Gunbarrel Tanks with Indirect Moderate or very corrosive emulsions of Keaters gravity oils, normally used for loose or moderate emulsions. Also, used where scaling may be expected on heating surfaces. Gunbarrel Tanks with Steam Moderately or very corrosive emulsions of Generators and Coils all gravity oils, normally used for moderate to tight emulsions where higher heating tem- peratures are required than obtainable with indirect heaters. Pressure type treaters are generally used wherever possible, due to the economics of both capital investment, operation, and maintenance. Corrosion preventing coatings are now available and are being used on both the internal of the vessel and the firebox to prevent corrosion and paraffin or scale build-up. For gravity conservation, only pressure type treaters should be used. If these type treaters are impractical, due to corrosiveness or other reason, then a large gunbarrel treating tank designed for minimum treating temperature may be used. For very corrosive crude oils and emulsions, a coated gunbarrel tank with an in- direct heat source (indirect heater or steam generator with cast iron coils in the tank) should be considered. While the direct heaters may be used reasonably well for treating tank temperature up to 120°F, the indirect heater type system is usually Limited to 90 to 100°F maximum treating tank temperature. If an in— direct heater source is required for treating temperatures greater than 100°F, then a low pressure steam generator (15 psi - 250°F) should be used in conjunction with cast iron steam coils installed in the gunbarrel treating tank. Where large amounts of free water are produced with the crude oil, such as in secondary recovery installations, it may be desirable to install freewater knock- outs ahead of the treating system. Freewater knockouts which will separate large amounts of free water from the crude ofl and emulsion offer many advantages in reducing the size of treating equipment and the amount of heat and fuel gas con~ sumption that will be required. Freewater knockouts although not technically being treating equipment are discussed in this bulletin, along with associated sizing data, since they are used in conjunction with treating equipment. A more recent inovation in the use of pressure type treaters with freewater knock- outs or bypass facilities built in the vessels. This allows free water to bypass the firetube and be discharged directly from the vessel, thus lowering the heat load requirement and results in fuel gas savings. GENERAL EQUIPMENT SIZING AND THEORY In the separation of any oil and water moisture, one may normally expect the heavier water droplets to settle out of the oil phase, and the oil particles to rise out of the water phase, due to the difference in densities of the two fluids.a Niky Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 7 There are two phenomena which may prevent this from occurring. First, if the droplets are too suall in dianeter, they may be suspended indefinitely by Brownian movement. Secondly, the droplets may carry like electrical charges due to dissolved ions. These charges will cause the droplets to repulse each other and they will fail to coalesce into large enough droplets to settle (or rise) rapidly. In crude ofl-water emulsion, one seldom finds droplets occurring naturally small enough to be suspended by Brownian movement. The Brownian move- ment is associated with very small particles (less than 0.1 micron in diameter) in which the random motion of the particles is greater than the direct movenent. due to gravity differences and the two phases will not separate. However, the droplets of water in a water in crude of1 emulsions do frequently carry electri- cal charges, but proper chemical treatment will usually neutralize these charges. Assuming proper chemical treatment, the separation of an oil and water emulsion becomes essentially a mechanical problem. The settling rates for various diameter droplets may be calculated for any gravity and viscosity of the two fluids by Stokes Law. According to Stokes Law, the settling velocity of spheres through a fluid is directly proportional to the difference in densities of the sphere and the fluid, and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fluid and the square of the diameter of the sphere. From the settling rate of the spherical droplets and the cross sectional area of the settling zone, one may calculate the capacity of any treating vessel for the conditions for which the settling rate was calcu- lated. In the formulas which follow, a universal constant "C" appears, which varies accordingly to the diameter of the water particles in the emulsion. For the pur- poses of these calculations, the following represent an assumed average diameter of water particles in various types of emulsions with the respective value of the Constant "c". TABLE 1 Enulsion Characteristic Water Droplet Diameter in Microns (Meters x 10-°) Free Water 200 1,101 Loose Emulsion 150 619 Moderate Emulsion 100 275 Tight Emulsion 60 9 TREATERS AND GUNBARREL TANKS To determine the capacity of a treater or gunbarrel tank it is first necessary to assume a treating temperature. The following list represents average treating temperatures for various types of emulsions and may be used for an initial assumed treating temperature,ae Niky Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas Ww ‘TABLE 2 Emulsion Characteristic Conventional Sivalls Downflow Gunbarrel, Treaters ‘Treaters ‘Tanks Loose Emulsion 100 to 120°F 85 to 100°F 80 to 100°F Moderate Emulsion 120 to 140°F 100 to 110°F 100 to 120°F Tight Emulsion 140 to 180°F 110 to 135°F 120°F Plus After selecting a treating temperature, determine the specific gravity of the oil and water and the viscosity of the oil at the treating temperature. The capacity of a vertical or horizontal treater or gunbarrel tank can be determined from the following formula. Vertical Treater or Gunbarrel Tank +f loos] Horizontal Treater = ¢ [ sw-s0 w o [ss2] w @ Oil Capacity, bbl/day Constant from Table 1 Specific gravity of the water at treating temperature Specific gravity of the oil at treating temperature Viscosity of the oil at treating temperature, centipoises Diameter of vertical vessel, ft Length of interface area in horizontal vessel, ft Width of interface area in horizontal vessel, ft ve D-= L = H For Mid-Continent crude oils of average viscosities, these formulas have been incorporated into composite sizing charts; Figure 1 for vertical "Downflow" treaters, Figure 1A for conventional vertical treaters, Figure 2 for gunbarrel tanks, and Figure 7 for horizontal treaters. These charts take into account the various variables for more rapid sizing of standard size treating vessels. On Figure 1 or 1A for vertical treaters, a standard size vertical treater as shown will handle the capacity of oil as determined from the chart plus approximately an additional 25% water. Due to the unusual type of construction in Sivalls Vertical "Downflow" Treaters, additional capacity can be obtained at the same treating temperature as conven- tional treaters. Or the same amount of oil can be treated at a lower treating temperature (See Table 2). This increase in capacity as determined from actual field teste is reflected in the modified treater sizing chart as shown in Figure 1, These treaters will also handle the oil capacity as determined from the chart plus an additional 25% volume in water. Note that the above formulas are for settling velocities (and therefore capacity) for water particles in oil or water in oil emulsions. For inverted emulsions, oil in water, the viscosity of the water at the treating temperature should be useda Nik. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW instead of the oil viscosity. In actual practice most emulsions are a combin- ation of oil in water and water in oil. However, for almost all emulsions the settling rate of the water in ofl emulsion is much slower than the oil in water settling rate. Therefore, only the water in oil emulsion generally need be con- sidered in sizing a treating system. In sizing vertical treaters with free water bypass facilities built in to the vessel, the ofl capacity of the treater may be sized as described above or using Figure 1 or 1A. The free water capacity of the treater may be determined as if the vessel were a vertical freewater knockout of the same diameter as the treater. The sizing of vertical freewater knockouts is discussed in a following section. HEAT REQUIRED FOR TREATING SYSTEMS After a treater has been selected by the sizing procedure described above, it is necessary to determine the heat required to raise the inlet fluid stream to the treating temperature, This is to make sure the treater size selected has suf- ficient firebox capacity. In the case of gunbarrel tanks the heat required must be determined in order to size the heating source, in other words, a direct heater, indirect heater, or steam generator. The heat required may be determined from the following formul: Q = W (6.25 + 8.3K) (Ty - 1) Where: Q = Heat required, BTU/hr W = Quantity of emulsion heated, bbl/day X = Percent water in the emulsion (expressed as fraction) 12 = Treating temperature, °F T] = Inlet temperature, °F Figure 3 is a graphical solution of the above formula. The heat output of fireboxes for direct fired oilfield equipment is usually designed on a heat flux basis. The following heat fluxes may be used for safe design purposes. TABLE 3 Fluid Around Firebox Firebox Heat Flux, BTU/hr - sq ft of Firebox Surface Area Crude O41 6,000 to 8,000 Salt Water 10,000 Fresh Water 12,000 Boiling Water 15,000 The heat loss from the vessel shell should be added to the heat required to the fluid in determining the total heat required or minimum firebox capacity. The heat loss determination is described in a following section.“Sk. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas VW heat required to bring the inlet fluid stream up to the treating temperature to determine the total heat required. The heat loss from uninsulated vessels may be estimated from the following formula: a= K ©) ) (tr - Ta) Where: Qi = Heat loss, BTU/hr K = Constant K = 15.7 for 20 mph wind K = 13.2 for 10 mph wind K = 9.8 for 5 mph wind K = 6.3 for still air Dianeter of vessel, ft Shell height or length of vessel, ft ‘Treating temperature, °F Design minimum outside anbient temperature, For insulated vessels the heat loss may be estimated at about 10% of what the bare vessel heat loss would be. FREEWATER KNOCKOUT! Although freewater knockouts or oil-gas-water separators are not actually treating vessels, they are used many times in conjunction with treating systems. Also, since the design procedures for them is quite similar to that for treating equip- ment, sizing data for freewater knockouts is included in this Bulletin. The capacity of a vertical or horizontal freewater knockout may be determined from the following formula: Vertical Freewater Knockout We 1101 [ Sy se] (0.7852) v Horizontal Freewater Knockout w= 1101 [ss | @) aw Where: Oil capacity, Bbl/day w Sy = Specific gravity of the water at the fluid temperature So = Specific gravity of the ofl at the fluid temperature V = Viscosity of the ofl at the fluid temperature, centipoises D = Diameter of vertical vessel, ft L = Length of the interface area in horizontal vessel, ft H = Width of the interface area in horizontal vessel, ft For Mid-Continent crude oils of average viscosities, these formulas have been incorporated into composite sizing charts for standard size freewater knockouts. Sizing data for horizontal freewater knockouts are shown on Figure 4 and sizing data for vertical freewater knockouts on Figure 5.ay Nk. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 9 WwW The viscosity of the oil is used rather than the water since as discussed under treating sizing, this {s the critical factor. The way in which the sizing charts are drawn, the capacities on the charts are listed as barrels of oil per day or barrels of water per day. This means that the particular size vessel selected will handle the amount of oil as determined on the chart plus approximately an equal amount of water. RETENTION TIME: Another important criteria in the design and sizing of treating systems is the retention time (or settling time) of the fluid in the settling section of the vessels. This is a function of the flow rate and settling volume available for the fluid within the vessel. It should be determined for both the oil and water volumes separately. The retention time can be determined from the following formul: W= 1440 (VY) or T= 1440 () or V= WC) T W 1440 Where: W= Flow rate, bbi/day V = Settling volume, bbl T = Retention time, minutes Figure 6 is a graphical solution of the above formula, Average recommended retention times for treating vessels are as follows: Gunbarrel Tanks ~ 8 to 12 hours Treaters - 1 to 2 hours Freewater Knockouts - 25 to 30 minutes for 60°F fluid temperature 20 to 25 minutes for 70°F fluid temperature 15 to 20 minutes for 80°F fluid temperature 10 to 15 minutes for 90°F fluid temperature 5 to 10 minutes for 100°F and up fluid temperature After sizing treating systems by the procedures described in previous sections, it is always well to check the retention time for the fluids in the vessel to see if they are within the average ranges listed above. SUMMARY The treating system represents one of the most expensive and troublesome parts of any lease surface installation. Operators cannot only save money, but also elimi- nate many operating problems, increase gravity of stock tank liquids, and reduce shrinkage by carefully selecting and completely designing the treating system. After selection of the type of treating system to be used it may be readily sized by the calculations and sizing charts presented within this Bulletin. It is well to note that many standard treating vessels come equipped with standard size fluid dump valves. The standard valve sizes furnished may or may not handle the volume of fluid required. It is always well to check the valve sizing on vessels to make sure it is consistent with the capacity to be handled by the treat- ing equipment.a ee Sui ‘SuNuL ST TWAS SYu3lv3ul NOIsINW3 TWNOLLNSANOD TWOILY3SA JO S3ILIOVdVS er 182 z 2 22 on 02 te Haw TW Vans .02 NVHL uaLv3uo SHLON37 T73HS YO4 SHOLOVS NOILOBHHOD ALiovavD “oooz * =a cool AvO/788 - ALIDVaWD “IO “EaYundis sa eas aS RE op ray eet er : t aLinvua oisioaus | orl sot 097 TE SUN 8g) 08= 7 aaLVM 40 zeyeee duo AuIAvHD 91410348 ris ort sot oot SYALVIYL NOISINWA Y wMOTSNMOG, TWOILYSA 40 S3ILIOVdVO WI SND! 4 o 82 2 122 o 08 zea TA ,0z NVI 43uvauO SHLONZT T73HS Os SHOLDV4 NOILOZYNOO ALloavO eae pete oooz Ava /S198 - ALIQvdvD 10 ras voorSDINYL ONLVSUL | “3euVvENNS | 40” SBIL9vdvo "siaa YO AVG/TI0 ‘sTaa ‘ALIOvaWo ey eeOVERALL FILM. COEFFICIENT, BTU/HR- 3s OlL FLOW RATE, BBL/HR i SIVALLS TANKS, ING. | (ers, 9ai6/e8FREE) WATER KNOCKOUTS z = z 3 4 = oo = 4 a. Q a FS 2 é 3 é ¢ a @ 3 3 =FIGURE 5. CAPACITIES. OF VERTICAL FREE WATER KNOCKOUTS SIVALLS, INC. “ERP | 1/30/61 CAPACITY, BBLS. OIL/DAY, OR BBLS. WATER/DAYOL TREATING CAPACITY, 1000 BBL/ DAYa Nk. Sivallls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW April 15, 1979 SECTION: 400 ‘TECHNICAL BULLETIN No. 166 CRUDE OIL TREATING EQUIPMENT GENERAL ‘There are many types and styles of oil production equipment that are used in crude oil treating systems. Included in this technical bulletin are drawings and basic specifications of many types of this equipment. Along with the drawings are brief descriptions covering the operation and flow through the various types of process vessels. For a more complete discussion on design sizing and selection of equip~ ment for crude oil treating systems, refer to Technical Bulletin No. 133 "Crude Oil Treating Systems ~ Design and Sizing." VERTICAL TREATERS. One of the most commonly used pieces of crude ofl production equipment in the treat ing of oil-water emulsions is the vertical treater. Figures 1 through 10 illustrate typical models of the various types of vertical treaters each with different features and accessories. The differences in each type of treater is described more completely an the following paragraphs. Table 1A through 1C and Table 2 list the specifications and capacities of the various models of the vertical treaters. The colored brochure included describes the features and operations of the Sivalls Type A Downflow treater and its major features and advantages. The description of operation contained in the colored brochure applies to the Sivalls Type A Vertical Downflow Treater. The Type A treater incorporates all of the basic features of the patented "Downflow" treating principle, plus the patented freewater knockout bypass feature on one side of the downcomer hood. The Type A treater also has a patented cone and disc baffling system to prevent channeling of the emulsion and oil through the settling section. ‘wo of the baffles are constructed to support a filter media section if required. The Type A treater is also equipped with a ‘Type 304 stainless steel wire mesh mist extractor installed ahead of the gas outlet in the top of the treater. The Sivalls Type AF Vertical Downflow Treater incorporates all of the features as described for the Type A treater, except that it is also equipped with two addi- tional filter sections, an outside heat exchanger for the incoming and outcoming oil streams, and a crows nest or handrail around the top of the treater. This treater is equipped with five shell manways for access to the vessel and filter sections. The Type B Vertical Downflow Treater incorporates the basic downflow treating principles with the addition of an extra shell manway and provision for a single filter section. The Type C Vertical Treater incorporates conventional treating methods. It has an inlet section and fluid downcomer pipe to direct the incoming wellstream to the settling section below the firebox. It is simple in design and does not have many of the features as described above for the other types of treaters. The conventional treater will also not handle the emulsion treating capabilities as the downflow models.ay “Why Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 7 ‘The Type D Atmospheric Treater or heater settling tank is similar in operating principles to the Type C treater, except that it is constructed with flat bottom and head for operating at atmospheric pressure. These treaters are normally available in the usual diameters with a 15’ shell height. ‘The Sivalls Type E Vertical Downflow Emulsion Treater is the basic downflow treat- ing principles without the additional features of extra manways, baffles and filtering sections. The Type E-WF Vertical Downflow Treater incorporates the same downflow principles as the Type E with the addition of the freewater knockout bypass, which will in~ crease the free water handling capacity of the vertical treater. This is the same free water bypass feature that is found on the Type A and AF treaters. ‘The Type E-CW Vertical Downflow Treater is a basic Type E treater, except con- structed for cold weather operation. In this treater the emulsion inlet pipe, the oil and water outlet pipes, and gas outlet pipe are all contained internally in the vessel. This is to prevent freezing in cold weather operation and to allow the valves to be mounted adjacent to one another at ground level for enclosure in an insulated house. Other than the internal piping the internal features are identical to the Type E treater. ‘The Sivalls Type G Vertical Downflow Treater is a compact unit designed for small wells handling emulsions which may be easily broken by a small amount of heat and settling time. These heaters are designed for economy in initial cost, handling, setting, and field connections. The Type G Treaters are equipped with the basic internal features as found in the Type E treaters. Sivalls Vertical "Downflow" Emulsion Treaters are manufactured under one or more of the following U. S. Patents: 2,832,431, 3,029,580, and 3,422,028. HORIZONTAL TREATERS: Horizontal emulsion treaters are illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. The specifications for the standard sizes of these treaters are contained in Table 3. The horizontal treater has some advantage over the vertical treater in that it can be constructed in larger models more practically. This allows for larger fireboxes, therefore, the capability of handling larger volumes of oil and water emulsions. Also, the interface area in a horizontal treater is larger, which may allow for more rapid separation of the oil and liquid and water within the vessel. GUNBARREL AND STORAGE TANKS: The specifications for standard API welded storage tanks are contained in Tables 4 through 6. These tanks are illustrated in Figure 13. Storage tanks of some size and quantity are always used with all crude treating systems for storage of the separated oil and water volumes prior to transporting or shipment. Gunbarrel tanks are ideally suited for treating crude oil where no heat is required or large volumes are handled and/or the oil and water is extremely corrosive. An external heat source is often used with gunbarrel tanks to raise the treating or settling temperatures. Direct heaters, indirect heaters with cast iron, or low pressure steam generators with steam coils placed in the gunbarrel tank are often used, The typical configuration of gunbarrel treating tanks is illustrated ina Ny Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW Figure 14. Gunbarrel tanks may be constructed in all standard tank sizes as des- cribed in Table 4. However, they are normally constructed in tank heights of 20° or 24', This is so that the oil separated will flow by gravity from the higher gunbarrel tank to a normal 16" high storage tank. Gunbarrel tanks are similar in construction to standard storage tanks, except with the addition of an inside or outside flume as illustrated in Figure 14. The inlet stream enters the top of the flume in what is referred to as the gas boot, where any gas is separated and vented out the top connection in the gas boot. The oil and water emulsion then passes down through the flume or downcomer pipe to enter the bottom of the gun- barrel or settling tank through some sort of spreader device. An oil-water inter- face is maintained in the gunbarrel tank by the use of an outside water leg on the tank. In the settling tank the oil and water then separate by gravity and ofl is drawn off the top and water is dravn off the bottom of the tank through the out- side water leg arrangement. DIRECT HEATERS There are two primary types of direct fired heating equipment used for treating oil-water emulsions. These are small vessels which principally contain only a firebox with no settling space available within the vessel. The ofl-water stream is pumped or pressured through the direct heater and to a gunbarrel or settling tank. Type VJ or jug heaters are illustrated in Figure 15 with the standard specifications contained in Table 7. These vessels may be equipped with an optional water siphon to remove free water or separated water in the direct heater. However, there is little settling time available within this vessel. Horizontal direct heaters are illustrated in Figure 16 with the specifications con- tained in Table 8. Fluid may be pumped or pressured through this vessel where heat is applied and it would then pass to a settling tank for separation of the oil and water streams. INDIRECT HEATERS Indirect water bath heaters are often used, especially for corrosive fluids. Typical indirect heaters are illustrated in Figure 17 with the specifications contained in Tables 9 through 11. Normally for corrosive fluids, cast iron coils would be pro- vided in the water bath indirect heater. In this type of vessel the direct fired firebox heats a fresh water bath which in turn heats the fluid passing through the coil within the heater. The fluid heated in the heater coil may then be pumped to a gunbarrel or settling tank where the oil and water would separate by gravity. STEAM GENERATORS: Low pressure direct fired steam generators are often used for corrosive well streams where low pressure steam is generated to heat fluid in a gunbarrel or settling tank. Typical 15 psi low pressure steam generators are illustrated in Figure 18 with the specifications contained in Table 12. These are pressure vessels operating at a maximum pressure of 15 psig and a maximum temperature of 250°F. In these vessels fresh water is turned into low pressure steam which then passes through an insulated pipe to steam coils located within a gunbarrel or settling tank. In the steam coils the steam would condense and give up heat to the fluid contained within the settling tank. The condensed water would then return via a separate return line to the steam generator to be reheated and recirculated as steam back to the coil again.ay Niky. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 7 FREEWATER KNOCKOUTS: Freewater knockouts are normally large open vessels which operate at a pressure for the free gravity separation of oil and water streams. They are often used up- stream of either vertical or horizontal treaters to separate and remove free water from the oil-water emulsion so that energy ie not wasted in heating the free water within a fired treating vessel. The freewater knockouts may be constructed in either a vertical type as illustrated in Figure 19, or a horizontal type as illu- strated in Figure 20. The specifications for the two respective types are contained in Table 13 and 14, Either type of vessel is primarily a large open settling space which allows for gravity separation of the oil and water streams. The interface or water level in the vessel is controlled by an interface level control which operates a water discharge valve. Normally, there is no oil discharge valve and the oil and any gas is transmitted through the top of the vessel on to the treating system or heated settling tank. These vessels may be equipped with a separate liquid level control and oil discharge valve if it is desirable to discharge the oil and any produced gas separately. Variations of freewater knockouts are often used to accomplish specific treating purposes. Horizontal heated freewater knockouts are similar in construction to rizontal freewater knockouts, except they may be equipped with direct fired fire- boxes for providing some heat to the ofl and water streams primarily for winter operation. Normally, during the summer time the heat would be turned off. These type of vessels do not have the fluid flow pattern that would be found in a hori- zontal treater to direct the fluid over the firebox for more heating and better separation of the oil-water emulsions. These heated freewater knockouts only provide enough heat to the settling section to raise it to a normal sumer ambient temperature condition. Flow splitters - freewater knockouts all normally constructed in a horizontal type and have two or more compartments for separation and separate discharge of the oil stream. The water is discharged from the vessel as would be in a normal hori- zontal freewater knockout through the use of an interface control and water discharge valve. The oil flows over controllable weirs into separate compartments, each which is equipped with an oil level control and separate oil discharge valve. ‘The purpose of these vessels is to ratio the oil out of the freewater knockout to separate pieces of treating equipment. This type of equipment would have application where the oil volume produced and passed through the freewater knockout was so great that it could not be handled by a single piece of treating equipment. Therefore, the oil splitter or flow ratio control would be applied to proportion the oil stream to several pieces of treating equipment.ae > Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas aS FIGURE 1 TYPE A VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS STANDARD as OUTLET Une SareTy wwe ear Exquancen —srace waniroud cause otass soausraate Rie Sow | enn rweRMostat d, (| THERMOMETER ust ens wae Fmesox — ; WaTER valve cas countizen mano uct cas Recicaton igeee Seay on vive cas an wave MEL es SehueSeaa Mia, Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW FIGURE 2 TYPE A VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS STANDARD MIST EXTRACTOR. Gas OUTLET ist MANWay ey 2 GAS SEPARATING CaS SECTION EQUALIZING LINE CE CONICAL BAFFLE AND HAY SUPPORT riuter section | EMULSION —__ CONDUCTOR PIPE DOWNCOMER HOOD: ~~ FiREBOX. FREE WATER. KNOCKOUT BY-PASS 1o%00. HEAT. EXCHANGER W/5 2 TUBES, om vaLve, FLAT BAFFLE AND HAY SUPPORT CONICAL BAFFLE ‘of ADJUSTABLE WATER ‘SIPHON INTERFACE WATER VALVE SECTION “#: WATER OUTLET Nd on. ORAIN EMULSIONa “Why Sivalls, Inc. wW Odessa, Texas FIGURE 3 “ TYPE E VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS ‘lL, PipiNs: MAN OLD ca couatizen MANIFOLD. GAS Bt. Ve fas OUNLEL STANDARD GAS OUTLET LINE. |_ ‘OW OUTLET WATER OUTLET: ‘Rau STACK GAUGE GLASS ADJUSTABLE a WATER SIPHON 16" MaNWaY THERMOSTAT Jp THE PMOMETER /—FIREBOX Fue. cas 4 SS WATER VALVE FUEL Gas. REGULATOR FUEL GAS ‘SCRUBBER FUEL GAS.ay -s-_ Vy Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 4 FIGURE 4 TYPE E VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS STANDARD ons OUTLET GAS SEPARATING ter SECTION as GF waTeR SIPHON EQUALIZING LINE on aaa | jl — cas eouatizen Ngee _ ou LeveL ! I SE TTUNG SECTION on EMULSION CONDUCTOR PIPE OWNCOMER 000 | ADJUSTABLE SE Son 1 rnesox fi ‘I | INTERFACE on pens sit | f wate VALVE ou vave: ! = wave : [\Noren ouner Ye Qwaree Zou EMULSION 1 OUTLET ImeT- LORAIN_ < Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WT FIGURE 5 TYPE E VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS COLD WEATHER a SAFETY VALVE ‘SCRUBBER io FIREBOX =9-=10- ay Why Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 4 FIGURE 6 TYPE E VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS COLD WEATHER SECTION i, SETTLING SECTION: DOWNCOMER HOOD: FIREBOX: owl vaLve: HN om LeveL ADUUSTABLE, WATER. SIPHON EMULSION CONOUCTOR PRE INTERFACE$ Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas FIGURE 7 TYPE G VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS STANDARD SAFETY VALVE ADJUSTABLE WATER SIPHON GAUGE GLASS THERMOSTAT THERMOMETER MANIFOLD tee MANIFOLO 16 MaNWar WATER VALVE FUEL GAS REGULATOR MANIFOLO UEL. GAS ‘SCRUBBERNOISTNW: w 9 14 Nivaa- waive 1374N0 waLvM- vm vom “SHVSSINE 3AWA 110 O70sINYW ONidId 10 ona voxandis ANN oNizIwn03 NOHdIS w3LviM— NOILD3S ONILvuVd3S S¥9- Az1un0 sv9 GuVONVILS SHSLVSYL MOTANMOG IVOILHSA D AdAL 8 SyNSIS 7 a sexay ‘essapo ‘uy ‘sqreaig Wy ~ wWa Ni, Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas A FIGURE 9 TYPE C VERTICAL TREATERS = STANDARD OL PIPING ~ MANIFOLD as- EQuaLizen MANIFOLD, “ADJUSTABLE WATER SIPHON ‘THERMOSTAT THERMOMETER FUEL Gas. MANIFOLDa ~1- Vx Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW FIGURE 10 TYPE C VERTICAL TREATERS STANDARD cas owner cpg. met mer \ oe Gp WATER SIPHON weTEE See ot ouncer W7/ _ om LeveL _ Q. -guanson conoucron Be UY sowsTagce DET on YZ LEAN naeeesce rene MANIFOLD Y, ome cpats01 sro — are WATE | l [pose one am aon on 9S on. mer , Z owrsionay “Qh Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas =15~ 77 TABLE 1A VERTICAL DOWNFLOW AND CONVENTIONAL TREATERS (TYPES A, AF, B, C, E, E-WF, ECW) SPECIFICATIONS Model No. VI-420 vI-620 vT-820 vr-1020 Diameter at 46" 8" 10" Shell Height? 20" 20" 20" 20" Working Pressure, psi 50 50 25 25 Firebox Capacity, BIU/hr 408,000 | 600,000 1,060,000 1,320,000 Firebox Area, SqFt 40.8 60.0 106.0 132.0 Firetube Size 13s" 18" 24" 24" Inlet Size? an an an au Oil Outlet Size3 an an an an Water Outlet Size? an an an an Gas Outlet Size? an an an an Drain Size 3" 3" 3" oe Size Oil & Water Valves, Std an 2" 2" 2" Water Siphon? ama" | am x am 4 x 8M an x 8" Size Relief Valve ouetoae | oasam 2" x 2" 2" x 2" Vol. O11 Settling Section, bbl 19.4 44.2 78.3 122.4 Volune Water Section, bbl 10.4 27.5 48.0 82.5 Total Volume, bbl4 33.0 7714 437.1 220.2 Gas Capacity, MMCFD 12 2-4 3-6 5-9 Shipping Weight, 1b 6500 8500 11350 15500 1, Add type letter to model numbers to complete. 2. Other treater heights available, 22", 24' and 28". 3. Cold weather treaters in 4' diameter have 3" connections and 3" x 6" inside water siphon. 4, A total of the oil and water sections differs from the total volume by the amount of emulsion in the downcomer and under the hood. 5. Optional Oil piping manifolds (4" x 6") or multiple tube heat exchangers are available for standard units, as well as gas vent lines (2", 3", or 4"). | TABLE 1B VOLUMES OF OTHER HEIGHT TREATERS (TYPES A, AF, E-WF) Heighe Diameter _ a a a io Volume O11 Settling Section, bb1 cry a6 [49.1 | 66.9 | 135.8 24" 23.7 | 54.0 | 95.6 | 149.3 _ 28" 30.3 | 68.6 | 121.5 | 189.6 [Volune Water Section, bbI 22 a2e6 ye | ems ym (mes 705g | 96:5 26" 1.9 | 37.6 | 65.9 | 120.5 - _ - 28" at_| 42.6 | 74:9 | 12475 Total Volume, bb 22" 37.5 | 87.5] 155.0] 248.2 24" 42.0 | 97.6 | 172.9 | 276.2 28° 50.9 | 117.7 | 208.7 | 332.2 emera -16- Qa Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas wW TABLE 16 VOLUMES OF OTHER HEIGHT TREATERS (TYPES B, C, E, E-CW) Weight Diameter, a or a io" Volune O11 Settling Section, Bb a 23.7 34.0 95.6 149-3 24 28.1 63.7 12.9 176.1 28" 36.8 83.2 147.4 9.8 | Volume Water Section, bbI 22° 10.4 27.5 48.0 82.5 24 10.4 27.5 48.0 82.5 ae 2a" | 10.4 27.5 48.0 82.5 Total Volume, bbi 23 37.5 87.5 155.0 248.2 24 42.0 97.6 172.9 276.2 28" 50.9 7.7 208.7 332.1 TABLE 2 TYPE "G" VERTICAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS SPECIFICATIONS Medel No. 2 vr-412-6__| vr-e12-¢_ | vr-s10-c__| vr-1012~ Diameter a 6 8 10° Shell Height a2 2 ww ww Working Pressure, psi 50 50 50 50 Firebox Capacity, BTU/hr 234,000 | 346,000 460,000 570,000 Firebox Area, SqFt 23.4 34.6 46.0 57.0 Firetube Size 10" io" 10" 10" Inlet Size 3" 3" an an O41 Outlet Size 3" 3" an an Water Outlet Size 3" 3" ” 3" Gas Outlet Size an 3" an an Drain Size 2 2" 2" 2" Size Oil & Water Valves, Std? 2" 2" 2" 2" Water Siphon 3" x6" [3% x 6" 3" x 6" 3" x 6" Size Relief Valve 2x2" [2 x 2" 2" x 2" 2" x 2" Vol. Oil Settling Section, bbl 3.7 311 55.0 85.8 Vol. Water Section, bbL 8.0 20.2 38.4 63.7 Total Volume bbl? 22.7 52.9 96.6 154.4 Gas Capacity, MMCED 1.2 1.6 2.5 3.5 Shipping Weight, 1b 3500 5500 7700 10600 1. Add "ow" to model number for cold weather models. 2. Optional of1 piping manifolds (2" x 4", 3" x 6", or 4" x 6") are available for standard units as well as gas vent lines (2", 3", or 4"). 3. A total of the oil and water sections differs from the total volume by the amount of emulsion in the downcomer and under the hood.7 iz Nive ny ee nit an SYBLVSYL MOTJNMOG = WLNOZIYOH Wo aEnsisFIGURE 12 HORIZONTAL DOWNFLOW TREATERS. Y { IN. WEY S watera ~ Wa. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas TABLE 3 HORIZONTAL TREATERS SPECIFICATIONS Nominal Size-| W.P. | Firebox Rating | Firebox | Firebox | standard Dia x Len pei BTU/hr Size | Area Sq Ft | Valves at x 12! 50 400,000 10" 42.4 ” 6! x 15" 50 750,000 16" 76.1. 2" | a! x 15" 25 1,375,000 2-14" 139.5 3" 8 x 20" 25 2,000,000 2-14" 201.0 3" 10" x 20° 25 2,325,000 2-18" 235.5 an 10 x 25° 25 2,650,000 2-18" 268.5 au HT-1030 | 10° x 30" 25 3,175,000 2-18" 320.3 an H-1230 | 12" x 30" 25 3,880,000 2-24" 395.6 an Nominal Size Gas Cap. Volume of Fluid in Settling Section, bbl Dia x Len. MCFD ‘Ott Water Total 4) x12 1.0 W1 9.5 23.6 6! x 15! 15 39.3 26.4 65.7 8 x 15! 3.0 69.4 46.5 115.9 8" x 20° 3.5 88.4 59.2 147.9 10' x 20° 5.0 144.7 96.9 241.6 10" x 25° 5.5 179.8 120.5 300.3 10" x 30° 6.0 217.8 142.6 355.4 12' x 30" 7.0 324.7 217.6 542.3ay -20- “Wh. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW TABLE 4 SIVALLS WELDED TANKS ‘SPECIFICATIONS size Nominal Volume Standard ‘Approx Dia x Ht Capacity Bbi/te Connections pees am a + 3130 ex 100 ” 0 ne ua an ene too? 200 sane ‘so? ” in oxi not ao ois me ” seo tone 20 Was sot S100 We m0 200 1 10 20! 100 ais 2o0t ” ca wei ma ” 00 wear ‘co . 00 wee a ‘ 20 texte a ” 450 280 o 720 ware so" . 10800 ise" 020 ” rnp eed ° eo a0 x16 ra tao doe ‘sso to n28 ta we x 11200 aise tsat0 fae es zim aa aa oan rae ” 900 eal ° 080 sonnet fe m0 1, Weights listed are for tanks 2. API standard 12F sizes, 3. API standard 120 sizes. 4. These sizes must be field erected tanks. 1%" bottom, 3/16" she and deck.a Ny Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas 21 TABLE 5 VOLUMES OF TANKS IN BARRELS TANK DIAMETER 7 REE ra para | om) 7 woe | ae | am 23 38 hat M5 5 23 | 0 | at on” an a | an | am | an) 018 | 290 30,8 or} ovaea | ase | cat | ee ae | sm | sm | 1.453 1.692 | 278 at | se | lee | | vee | re | a0 | mm ‘S07 sn) aa | tz tou) 29 270 ‘sa yor | eas | ase | ahr a | se | he | | | tsa aoe ae |e) lee | | abe | aes | nine so | Fae) ae | tae | van | | 37] ie ee |) ee ee [ome | Re) ee wer | ene an | jase) 1357 | aa | | ana | elt Ie geome tee a ae | ao | F eal wsrie" fs | Vong ae | see eis 076 1 0 tase) ame | gro are | | sate y | ie naa] |) eas] som ion eas | | am jaws) tao | som | aa | 1828 | zs soe | seo) cee | Nasr 21658 3701 sm | 702 | 830 rey nan | cat | Gas bate | oor | tens matte 18) jam | aa | rae | ssa yao saz 9267 | 219) 13.358 | now | 43.315 | | sez | vom | ine | 15.020 on ‘a7 | aoe | | rnsea | 1028 16.688 | aan | 54.148 aie | 1272 | tears | tee moat sassa tae | | Bal | se) aoe | mari er) ins | na | mse | anos | ceo 123.946 | | mer anya | Sos |. | vena 198820 | ssn | mee | Sar] Sis | tae | sas | | att oo | Sie im fo | ue | | 53.294 83.403 | 100.876 | 120.226 200.826 | 249.839 | fain sree | 147805 | 140 68 m0? saan 7089 ives | takes | tenace | atease | 267768 519.766 Roe | team | sios | lstise | nase | sew | rae | seraee | aaa | anaes | tasare | tancos | sean | aman | mas | mero ear | sr7e | 1279s | tseaoe | asim | zzoais | aooa%s | eat8) nas | | oesea | soasr | sese0e | 20152 | aaoasa | 3275s | 40.652 mas ta | aisar | sezow | te0706 | tere: | asnes0 | oscar | cs23 rvs } ow vaa3si | i7s.se0 | 198607 | 25610 | za0s26 | 302.116 | 460.50 909.625 | as taaz6 | taser | 2onsoe | ase. | 200.565 | fonsio | sonoes ove | | te | waz | zo0.ssa | zzz.tos | ass.268 | szoeos | axe.70s | 525.506 | toass7t | | ston | Ream | Beam | ewe | Seen | Megs | Sion | otsee i tseass | 25745 | 230200 | soaser | asnsra | cst.ase | gaza7e | oonase | rieaste a» t7rese | asoam | mreoro | seca | soo7se | seseen | sso.an0 aoa. Fa teesio | anaes | aaa | asaes | aoe | sraime | Jena |niziars | eka tsara | arsatt | sosent | avo | ose | conase | raeasa | zzz | yezsato | aonzes | mesase | arariz | aercm | scoser | area | roar | rzenecs | iota 2is.i7e_| 300.904 | sx2.612_| 4on.903 | 20.905 | 655.056 | 03.304 | 1998.646 | 1559.357 EXAMPLE: To obtain capacity of 1 24" of gil in a 15°6" diameter tank add as follows: w ee eee = 368.181 2368 1384 77-963 bblae ~22- “Wb. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW FIGURE 13 SIVALLS STANDARD WELDED TANKS 8" thru 15" - 6" Diameter 20° thru 29' - 9'" Diameter 90 thry $00 Barrels 500 thru 3000 Barrels API Std 12F API Std 12D STANDARD EQUIPMENT Item 9-0" and 10 thru 20" thru 7 6" Diameter 151-6" Diameter 2979" Diameter ‘Auxiliary Connection, C-1 ” ” ” Fill Connection, C-2 ” ” ” Vent Line Connection, C2 ” ” o Overflow Connection, C4 ” ” o Overflow Connection, C-5 ” ” ” Pipeline Connection, C-6 ” ” ” Drain Line Connection, C7 a” ” ” 24" x 36" Flush Bottom Cleanout Yes Yes Yes 20” Deck Dome No No Yes Inside Ladder No No ves 8" Thief Hatch Yes Yes ves—7~ ay v Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas ~23- FIGURE 14 SIVALLS WELDED STEEL GUNBARREL TANKS Gunbarrel tanks are ideally suited for treating crude oil where no heat is required or large volumes are handled and/ar the oll Ie corrosive. An external heat source is often Used with Gunbarrel Tanks to raise the treating or settling temperature. Direet heaterr, indirect heaters with Coils, or steam generators with steam coils may be Used. Capacity of Gunbarrel Tanks may be determined by the chart on the following page. OY ec rege TS ag © ouner— Gunbarrel Tank with Gunbarrel Tank with Inside Flume Outside Flumea - -24- Qh Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW PIGURE 15 DIRECT HEATERS - TYPE VJ Ol & Gas ouTLeT— FiREBOX with stack Fuct Gas — MANIFOLD FUEL Gas. REGULATOR FUEL Gas. ‘SCRUBBER ‘WATER SIPHON (OPTIONAL) —theamostat (C—Trenmomeren GAUGE GLASS GAS EQUALIZER MANIFOLO WATER VALVE (OPTIONAL) WATER OUTLET (OPTIONAL) INLET ORAIN TABLE 7 SPECIFICATIONS vas vs66 var vs-107 vsa012 oe exe exe Wwe 7-8" Wore ie" 5 8 25 25 8 Firebox Capacity, Btu/hr. 08,000 600,000 1,060,000 1,320,000 2,000,000, Firebox Area, 49. ft. 8 600 106.0 132.0 000 Firetube Size, U-Tube Type 18 18 w 229" Inlet Size ” ” ” Outlet size ” ” e Drain size ” 2 y Water Outlet size (Optional) ” ” ” Water Siphon Size (Optional) ” ” ” ” Total Settling Volume, bb! 0 202 mo m0 5300 3500 3000 Notes Ue For fluid capacity, refer to sizing chart on page 513. ting capacity is based on 2 heat flux of 10,000 Btu/hrsa. ft"F.am Nh, Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW FIGURE 16 HORIZONTAL DIRECT u- 0 | Li] ~25- HEATERS pee _imiet Cran a samira Single U-tube fireboxes used on Models HH-285, HH-306, HHJ010, HH.3612, and HH3615. Double U-tube fireboxes used on all other models. TABLE 8 SPECIFICATIONS Modet Size Firebox | Working | inlet and Number | dia x ten | fate essure | outlet ‘Size HHS 2% a, e 4306 ox 6 |e > He13ot0 ao"xi 0 ” Hest seat! 8 ” HH3615 seats cs ” wHagI2 ar | B ” Hitso12 eoratzy? | 2,000,000 B ” HH5o20 sora B ro wera mar 2 ® Capacities depend upon fluid flow rate, temperature rise required, and percent water. Standard units can be sized based on heat required as determined from the chart on page 5!a o ~26- Qf, Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas e WwW FIGURE 17 SIVALLS INDIRECT HEATERS FUEL GAS MANIFOLD. isachas TABLE 9 COIL WORKING PRESSURES * WITH SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE COILS MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE (PSIG) WHEN CORROSION ALLOWANCE (IN.) IS EQUAL TO: *-Thete working prestures are. in accordance with the API Standard 12X on Indirect Heaters. Pressures are for cle If ends male threaded # pressure reduction for threads must be made.4m Ni. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas ~27- wW TABLE 10 SPECIFICATIONS SIVALLS INDIRECT HEATERS FOR OIL AND GAS WITH SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE COILS Coit ata | Coil Ares $9, Ft.) goorox, shippi Model Number No Tuber |S Paaes | Oui Tube ce TH-203-1X Spiral_ | 1” XHvy. 145 800 TH-185-1X 12 | 1” xHvy. 19.0 1000 1H-185-28 6 | 2” Sta. 112 1000 TH-185.2XX 6 | 2" XHivy. 112 1100 E246-1X "x6 250,000 a | a" xnvy. 1.400 TH-246-28 8 | 2” Std. 1,250 E246-2X 8 1,500 TH-246-2XX 6 3,700 TH-2410-28, "x10" 400,000 8 1,800 TH-2410-2X 8 2,100 TH-2410-2XX 6 2400 14-3010-28 30" x10" 500,000 a [2 sta 2,200 TH-3010-2X 8 | 2” XHvy. 2,400 1H-3010-2XX 8 | 2” XxHvy. 2,600 TH-3610-28 "x10 750,000 14 | 2" Sta. 4,000 1H-3610-2X 14 | 2" XHvy. 4,100 IH-3610-2XX 34 | 2” XxHvy. 4,500 1H-3610-38 8 | 3" Sta. 4,100 H-3610-3X 8 | ar xHvy. 4,200 mz-4810-28 | 48"x10° | 1,000,000 18 | 2" sta. 4,600 1H-4810-2X 18 | 2" xBvy. 5,300 TH-4810-2XX 18 | 2" XXHvy. 5400 1H-4810-38, 18 | 3" Sta. 5,300 TH-4810-3X 18 | 3" XH. 5,500 1H-4810-3KX 10 | 3" XxHvy. 5,700 1H-4820-28 1,500,000 16 | 2” sta. 6,200 TH-4820-2X 16 | 2" xtivy. 6.400 1H -4820-2XX 16 | 2» XxHvy. 7,400 1H-4820-35 16 | 3" Sta 7,600 TH-4820-3X 16 | 3" XHw. 7,950 TH-4820-3XX 10 | 3" XXHvy. 7,900 1H-4820-45 10 | 4" Sta. 7.100 1H-4820-4X 10 | 4" XHvy. 7/900 1H-5420-2x_ | 54” x 20’ | 2,000,000 24 | 2” xt. 10,000 1H-5420-2Xx 24 | 2» xHvy. 12,200 1H-5420-35 24 | 3” Sta. 13,000 1H-5420-3x 24 | 3” xHivy. 13,200 TH-5420-3XX 12 | 3” xxHvy. 12,500 TH-5420-45 2 | 4” Sta. 11,100 1H-5420-4X 12__| 4" xBvy. 11,500 1H-6024-2x 60” x 24 | 3,000,000 24 12,000 1H-6024-2xx 4 13,800 1H-6024-38 24 18,500 TH-6024-3x 4 14,500 1H-6024-3XX 16 15,800 TH-6024-45 16 12,800 1H-6024-4Xa -28-_ Q,. Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas WwW SIVALLS INDIRECT HEATERS FOR OIL AND GAS WITH SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE COILS (CONTINUED) ae Firebox Ratin ait Date | Call Ares Sa, Ft. Moa number | oigsnten, | "erume Sine ane 1H-7224-38 72” x24 | 4,000,000 38 3” sta. 1H-7224-3X 38 | 3" XHvy. 1H-7224-3XX: 20 | 3" XXHvy. 1H-7224-4S 20 | 4" sta. 1H-7224-4X 20/4” XHvy. 1H-7224-6X 10 |6" XHvy. TABLE 11, SIVALLS INDIRECT HEATERS FOR CORROSIVE WELL FLUIDS WITH CAST IRON COILS ; Coll Area 5a, oie womter | putten, | TITRA | na vanes | gota, | SAREE SELEY | Anorar shiping TH-8010-20 30” x10" 500,000 | a 336 2,300 TH-3010-3C_ | 3” 33.3 2,150 TH-3610-2C, 36” x10" 750,000 2 14 4,700 1H-3610-3C 3” 656 4,500 TH-4810-2C 48" x10" 750,000 a 102 5,500, TH-4810-20 48° x10" 1,000,000 2 993 5,300 1H-4810-3C 3” 918 5,500 1H-4810-3C 3 146.2 6,000 1H-4820-2C | 48" x 20° 7,500,000 16 * 187.9 6.950 1H-4820-3C 16 3” 276.6 7,800 1H-4820-4C 10 a 225.7 7,500 1H-5420-2C [5477 x 20" 2,000,000 24 2 281.4 10,100 1H-5420-3C 24 3” 4144 11,400 1H-5420-4C 12 a” 270.6 11,000+ Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas =29- WwW FIGURE 18 STEAM GENERATORS A. Veer ann } _— ‘ous senuanen Tye, et omenear TABLE 12 SPECIFICATIONS. Constructed and stamped in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IV for Low Pressure Heating Boilers. Firebox [ Max. Steam | Working ‘Condensate | Volume | Approx. Size Rating | Output | Pressure Return | Water’ | Shipping Diaxten | Btusnr | lorhr= Pig Size Gal web. ix & | 100,000 35 5 7 = 1,000 2x 8 | 250,000 245 5 ” % 200 20x10 | 500,000 40 15 ” 5 1900 a0" x10" | 750,000 735 15 20 2,200 1,000,000 980 5 ‘00 3,500 1,500,000 1475 8 ‘00 6.000 2,000,000 1370 5 4000 7,000 3,000,000 ‘2950 15 1700 10,000 so" x22" | 4,000,000 208 5 ” 2040 11,800 * Steam output based on 180° F condensate and 250° F saturated steam.vIn -30- Why Sivalls, Inc. Odessa, Texas Ww FIGURE 19 VERTICAL FREE WATER KNOCKOUTS SAFETY VALVE. Ol & GAS OUTLET PRESSURE GAUGE LADDER CENTRIFUGAL INLET. & GAS SEPARATING SECTION OPERATING LEVEL GAUGE GLASS INTERFACE FLOAT TRUNNION 16" MANWAY. INTERFACE GAUGE GLASS MECHANICAL WATER VALVE DRAIN TABLE 13 VOLUME OF SPECIFICATIONS FLUID IN VESSELS inlet & Standard Vor. Vol. | Tota Medel ax | wie. | Outlet | Drain | Water || water | ow Vol. No. Height_| “psi Conn. | Conn. _| Valve bol ol. bbl. wev-to vx | 50 102 12 24 wev-sto exo | 50 mat 252 3 wkv-sio sx | 50 84 ae 02 WKY-1010 wxio | 50 ” 750 es | as Capacities will vary, depending on temperature, per cont of free water, difference in gravity of il and water, and retention time. Standard units can be sized by the capacity chart on page 613ea » Inc. Odessa, Texas a Nh, Sivalls Ww sano T¥O 9 ‘2no ta2em 8 ~ UT Bex vozzs ouvs 242 jo eaten 2020u wBeaydeyp 40 TeoyueYDoU e Adyaya ULYa AZFORdvS zoavedB avy" Seq eaTUA UF 94B S9ZTS BaTwA ,,g AZdYM popyaoad ATTPuIOU azw seATeA ATZIAIINq parvaado uEAYdeydy oszT-miN oneT-HaN, | Ote-IN, oTe-mAN ya8u9y x ‘PTC son ezTs TePOW 4 yT FISvE SLNOXNSON» BALVM 33ud 1VLNOZIYOH oz aunoraCRUDE OIL TREATING SYSTEMS DESIGN MANUAL BY Cc. RICHARD SIVALLS SIVALLS, INC. BOX 2792 ODESSA, TEXAS 79760