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I.
INTRODUCTION
494
495
are removed form the system & motor is allowed to run on full
voltage directly from supply.
Depending on the location & type of voltage limiting
element the different types of traditional starters are shown in
table. 1.
i) Full-Voltage Starting
Direct across the line starting can be used whenever the driven
load can withstand the shock of instantaneously applying full
voltage to the motor and where line disturbances can be
tolerated. Full-voltage starting uses a main contactor to apply
the motor stator windings directly across the main system
voltage. This type of starting method provides the lowest cost,
a basic and simple design of controller, resulting in low
maintenance, simple training requirements, and the highest
starting torque possible without the use of a drive.
ii) Reduced-Voltage Starting
Reduced-voltage starting may be considered if full-voltage
starting creates objectionable line disturbances on the
distribution system or where reduction of mechanical stress to
a gear box or belt drive system is required. It must be noted
that when the voltage is reduced from nominal, a decrease in
inrush current will occur. The motor torque will also decrease
at a rate roughly proportional to the square of the decrease in
voltage. This phenomenon also occurs in the opposite manner
when the voltage is increased. A common-sense rule of thumb
is that if the load cannot be accelerated to full speed using full
voltage, it cannot be accelerated to full speed using reduced
voltage. This type can be further classified on the basis of
devices used to reduce the voltage level.
496
497
700
600
%Current
500
400
100% Load
300
75% Load
200
100
1401
1301
1201
1101
901
801
701
601
501
401
301
201
1001
Where
Ist - Starting current of induction motor
Vst Voltage at the start across induction motor
Tst Time to reach the rated speed
Ifl full rated current
101
Time in mSec
450
400
4801
4401
4001
3601
3201
2801
2401
2001
99.95
B. CASE II
This case is applicable to induction motor used in mines
where cable length is considerable. The cable length is
increased to 1 km with standard parameters and the load is
kept constant to full load. Motor is started with the help of
DOL & auto transformer starter. Starting current is 6.5 times
& 2.74 times the rated current for DOL starter &autotransformer starter respectively .while the starting time is 4.32
sec 16.7sec for DOL & auto-transformer starter respectively.
498
99.85
99.8
1401
1301
1201
1101
1001
901
801
701
99.75
Time in mSec
100% Load
90
75% Load
80
70
60
4801
4401
4001
3601
3201
2801
2401
50
1
C. CASE III
Compensation is provided with the help of capacitor
connected across the motor terminal used in case II, for the
same cable length. Again Motor is started with the help of
DOL & auto transformer. . Starting current is 6.49 times &
2.75 times the rated current for DOL starter &auto-transformer
starter respectively .while the starting time is 4.3 sec 16.5sec
for DOL & auto-transformer starter respectively.
100% Load
75% Load
99.9
601
2.7
2001
1.96IFL
100
2.1
501
2.92
97.27
Vrtd
1601
1.7IFL
401
100%
12.47
2.77 IFL
Recorded
2.26
301
432.3 v
98.25
Vrtd
1201
Simulation
%Voltage
Load
1601
Time in mSec
1201
2.5
801
2.67 IFL
201
1.20
50
801
98.25%
97.27%
100
101
6.6 IFL
432.3 v
200
401
27..72 A
2.48 IFL
250
150
Recorded
1.10
75% Load
401
Simulation
tst
sec
300
Load
75 %
100%
100% Load
350
%Current
Para
meter
Time in mSec
700
600
% Current
500
400
Case 3
300
Case 2
200
Case 1
100
1351
1201
1051
901
751
601
451
301
151
T im e in m S ec
415
365
Case
Case 1
315
% Current
265
215
165
115
3301
3001
2701
2401
2101
1801
1501
1201
901
601
301
65
T ime in m S ec
% Voltage
100
99.5
99
C as e 3
C as e 2
98.5
REFERENCES
98
97.5
[1]
1351
1201
1051
901
751
601
451
301
151
97
T im e in mS ec
[2]
105
[3]
C as e 1
% Voltage
96
C as e 3
C as e 2
87
78
[4]
69
3601
3301
3001
2701
2401
2101
1801
1501
901
1201
601
[5]
301
60
[6]
T ime in mS ec
[7]
[8]
499
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]