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Key Terms:
• Mole:
• Avogadro’s Number:
• Molar Mass:
Current value for Avogadro’s Number is 6.0221415 ±0.0000010 x 1023 *Note the ± symbol which is
the current method of reporting error or precision of a value.
We can setup a general equation which will convert the number of our counting units to the quantity of items
based on the value of the counting unit by creating a conversion factor. Conversion factors always relate two
items and are not changed in values but can be inverted. The conversion factors are setup as fractions and
because we are multiplying we can always use multiple conversion factors to get to our answer and the order
that we use them will not matter.
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10 Minute Chemistry – The Mole and Molar Conversions
General Equation for converting units, the setup is called dimensional analysis
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10 Minute Chemistry – The Mole and Molar Conversions
conversion factors without having to solve at each step. However proportions are sometimes used for
the most simplistic of these molar conversion problems.
Steps to solving molar conversion problems
• Determine the conversion factors that are needed
• Determine the desired unit of answer
• Determine the ‘seed’ value or starting number
• Setup the problem as a multiplication problem
In these type of problems the conversion factor between moles → particles will always take the form of
where particles can be atoms(monatomic elements), molecules/compounds(diatomic
elements).
Example 2: moles → particles (for values other than 1 we will set the equation up the same)
1.38 moles = x particles
Solved via dimensional analysis, the answer is 8.31 x 1023 particles, and we take note of the exponent as a
requirement for the answer.
*Hopefully one should recognize the value of a mole and be able to provide an answer without any work. However these base conversions are
given on assessments in order to provide the opportunity to recognize the correct method of setting up the equation. Care should be taken to
show the necessary work for problem sets.
Example 2: particles →moles (values other than 1, conversion factor is the same)
324 x 1023 particles = x moles
Solved via dimensional analysis, the answer is 53.8 moles
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Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
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10 Minute Chemistry – The Mole and Molar Conversions
When entered into the calculator it is important to ensure that you follow order of operations and include any
necessary parentheses. There are two methods of avoiding the exponent error (obtaining large exponents).
1. Utilize the EE button(TI Calculators, TI-89, TI-34MV, TI-34II)
EE Button or
exponent
button
Figure 3- TI 34II
2. Deal with the non exponent number first and divide, then subtract powers and that is the exponent
Non exponent numbers are 324 and 6.022, so divide those, 53.8.
Subtract the powers, 23-23=0
Thus the answer 53.8 x 100 or 53.8 moles
*Note about significant figures – Utilizing significant figures we report answers via multiplication that match the least number in our
problem set. We will consider that the conversion factor contains an unlimited number of significant figures and thus we will match the
significant figures with our ‘seed’ number or starting number.
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Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
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10 Minute Chemistry – The Mole and Molar Conversions
Thus if we know how much one particle weighs which we call the atomic mass we will convert this into the
molar mass by simply change the unit. Thus the atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 amu however the molar
mass of carbon is also 12.011 but we change the unit to moles from amu.
We will utilize molar mass as a conversion factor that relates mass(g) to quantity(moles) and molar mass is
specific for the item that we are counting.
We solve the problems using dimensional analysis with the first step of the process is to determine the molar
mass of the compound or thing we are weighing.
We note that the answer is to the correct significant digits based on the molar mass of carbon however due to
the varied periodic table we end up rounding masses off the periodic table to the closest whole number.
Remember though that it is up to the researcher to report their numbers in such a way that is most closely
represents the true nature of the problem.
We did not change any layout of the problem but we note that the molar mass is specific to the compound
and is found by determining how much a single part weighs and the quantity of that part. We utilize
subscripts to determine the quantity of each element, and like in math we distribute a subscript into a set of
parenthesis by multiplication. It is important for us to only apply subscripts to the object that is just before
the subscript and nothing else. We also do not include coefficients in our calculations.
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10 Minute Chemistry – The Mole and Molar Conversions
We set the problem in the same fashion as all other problems via dimensional analysis.
Solved via dimensional analysis with the correct number of significant figures we obtain 1.294 moles C2H4
with the complete label including the ‘what’ we are counting or weighing due to molar mass being unique to
the compound measured.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States
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Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Digital Versions can be found at crhsteacherpages.com under Chemistry A