Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PLC EQUIPMENT
ETL41/42/43/44
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
5HYN589126-TA
Edition 04
September 2007
5HYN589126-TA
Single Sideband
Power Line Carrier Equipment
Types ETL41/42/43/44
for
HV Transmission Lines
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
All rights, including applications for patent and registration of other industrial property rights, are reserved.
Without the written authority of ABB LTD., it is neither permitted to reproduce this document, its appendices
or any part thereof either electronically or mechanically (including photocopying and microfilming), nor
divulge its contents or make them accessible to third parties.
Liability
The data contained herein purport solely to describe the product and are not a warranty of performance or
characteristic. It is with the best interest of our customers in mind that ABB LTD., constantly strives to
improve its products in accordance with advances in technology. This may lead, however, to minor discrepancies between the product supplied and its "Technical Description" or "Instructions for Installation and
Operation".
This document has been carefully reviewed. Should in spite of this errors or omissions be discovered, the
purchaser is kindly requested to notify ABB LTD., at his earliest convenience.
ESD PROTECTION
The modules in this equipment contain CMOS devices, which can be damaged by electrostatic discharges.
Appropriate measures must be taken before unpacking modules or withdrawing them from equipment
racks. Essential precautions to prevent ESD damage when handling or working on modules are grounding
straps for technical personnel and the provision of anti-static work benches. Modules may only be shipped
either in their original packing or installed in equipment racks.
5HYN589126-TA
Table of contents
ETL41/42/43/44
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
1-1
1.
GENERAL
1-1
1.1
1.2
Introduction
Purpose and scope of these operating instructions
1-1
1-2
2.
2-1
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.6.1
2.2.6.2
2.2.6.3
2.2.7
2.2.8
2.2.9
2.2.10
2.2.11
Type designations
Alternative versions
Built-in data modem NSK 5 for telecontrol
AF repeater equipment, transit filter
Telephony equipment
Built-in teleprotection device NSD 50
Pilot channel functions and versions
Supervision and alarm facilities
Plug-out supervision
Alarm code display on P4LA
Examples of alarms
Main RF components
Two-channel operation
Three and four-channel operation
Auxiliary supply
Testing facilities
2-1
2-1
2-3
2-5
2-6
2-8
2-8
2-9
2-12
2-14
2-17
2-19
2-20
2-20
2-22
2-23
3.
MECHANICAL DESIGN
3-1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Construction
Units fitted
Internal wiring
External connections
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
4.
TECHNICAL DATA
4-1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
System data
Transmitter data
Receiver data
AF interfaces
Telephony interfaces
Telecontrol interfaces
Testing facilities
Auxiliary supplies
Insulation tests and electromagnetic compatibility
Physical dimensions and weights
4-1
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-10
4-14
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-26
I-1
5HYN589126-TA
Table of contents
ETL41/42/43/44
5.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
5-1
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.6
5.7
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.8
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
Modulation scheme
Carrier frequency section
Transmitter
Receiver
Carrier synthesizer (local oscillator) P4LG
40 W power amplifier section
Pilot and supervision unit P4LA
Pilot channel
Supervision section
Synchronising receivers
Telephony interfaces
2/4-wire PAX interface O4LC
4-wire PAX interface O4LB
Telecontrol interfaces
Telecontrol interface O4LA
Digital transit filter E1LA
NSK 5 operation
Teleprotection device Type NSD 50
AF bus design
Two-channel PLC equipment Type ETL42
Three and four-channel PLC equipment Types ETL43/44
Auxiliary supply
5-1
5-4
5-4
5-7
5-10
5-11
5-13
5-13
5-14
5-21
5-23
5-23
5-25
5-27
5-27
5-28
5-30
5-34
5-38
5-39
5-41
5-43
TEIL II
6-1
6.
OPERATING MODES
6-1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6-1
6-2
6-2
7.
ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS
7-1
8.
8-1
9.
9-1
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
Basic terms
Allocating powers to speech and data channels
Determining the transmission levels for ETL41/42
Determining the transmission levels for ETL43/44
Reduced O/P power
Signal boosting for teleprotection channels
9-1
9-3
9-4
9-8
9-13
9-14
I-2
5HYN589126-TA
Table of contents
ETL41/42/43/44
PART III
10-1
10.
INSTALLATION
10-1
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10-1
10-1
10-1
10-2
10-2
11.
COMMISSIONING
11-1
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.3
11-1
11-1
11-6
11-7
11-7
11-8
11-9
11-9
11-9
11-10
12.
OPERATION
12-1
13.
MAINTENANCE
13-1
PART IV
APPENDICIES
A1-1
A.1
ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS
A1-1
ETL41
ETL42
ETL43
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
I-3
5HYN589127-AA
5HYN589246-AA
A1-2
A1-3
A1-4
A1-5
A1-6
5HYN589128-AA
5HYN589247-AA
A1-7
A1-8
A1-9
A1-10
A1-11
5HYN589129-AA
5HYN589248-AA
A1-12
A1-13
A1-14
A1-15
A1-16
5HYN589126-TA
ETL44
Table of contents
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
Dimensioned drawing of cubicle
Type E35C
ETL41/42/43/44
A.2
ETL41/42/43/44
ETL42/43/44
ETL41/42/43/44
ETL41/42/43/44
ETL41/42/43/44
A.3
5HYN589130-AA
5HYN589249-AA
A1-17
A1-18
A1-19
A1-20
A1-21
5HYN589131-AA
A1-22
List of modules
A1-23
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
A2-1
AF options
Telecontrol interface
Four-wire telephony interface
Two and four-wire telephony interface
Universal telephony unit
Channel 2 converter section
Channel 1 converter section
40 W power amplifier
40 W power supply
O4LA
O4LB
O4LC
O4LD
5HYN589043-CA
5HYN589133-CA
5HYN589134-CA
5HYN589244-CA
5HYN589135-CA
5HYN589136-CA
5HYN589137-CA
5HYN589138-CA
INTERNAL WIRING
A2-2
A2-3
A2-4
A2-5
A2-6
A2-7
A2-8
A2-9
A3-1
ETL41/42/43/44
P7LB
5HYN589139-CA
P7LA
P7LB
A3-1
A4-1
5HYN589132-WA
5HYN693002
5HYN217005
A4-2
A4-3
A4-4
A.5
NEW INTRODUCTION
A5-1
A.5.1
A.5.2
A.5.2.1
A.5.2.2
A.5.3.
A.5.4
A5-1
A5-2
A5-3
A5-5
A5-9
A5-10
I-4
5HYN589126-TA
Table of contents
ETL41/42/43/44
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2
Fig. 4.3
Fig. 4.4
Fig. 4.5
Fig. 4.6
Fig. 4.7
Fig. 4.8
Fig. 4.9
Fig. 4.10
Fig. 5.1
Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
Fig. 5.4
Fig. 5.5
Fig. 5.6
Fig. 5.7
Fig. 5.8
Fig. 5.9
Fig. 5.10
Fig. 11.1
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.3
Fig. 11.4
Fig. 11.5
Fig. 11.6
Fig. 11.7
Fig. 11.8
I-5
2-2
2-13
4-15
4-15
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-18
4-18
5-2
5-3
5-21
5-28
5-29
5-31
5-33
5-35
5-36
5-38
11-3
11-3
11-4
11-4
11-5
11-5
11-6
11-7
5HYN589126-TA
Table of contents
ETL41/42/43/44
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 2.6
Table 2.7
Table 2.8
Table 2.9
Table 2.10
Table 5.1
Table 9.1
Table 9.2
I-6
2-4
2-4
2-7
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-16
2-18
2-22
5-18
9-3
9-12
5HYN589126-TA
PART I
1.
General
ETL41/42/43/44
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
GENERAL
Because of their low attenuation in the carrier frequency range between 20 and 500 kHz, HV transmission
lines are a good means of communicating information over medium to long distances (20 to 100 km, respectively 100 to 500 km). The maximum range of a PLC communications channel operating at the lower
end of the carrier frequency range up to about 80 kHz can as much in special cases as about 800 km, whi
ch cannot be even remotely matched by other means of communication at the disposal of power companies (cables, pilot wires, normal radio or point-to-point radio) without repeaters or repeater stations.
By installing appropriate coupling devices and line traps in power stations and substations communications
channels can be provided, which exhibit
-
extremely high mechanical rigidity and high reliability of the interconnecting lines
lines and terminal equipment, which belong to and is permanently under the control of the power utility
low, relatively constant attenuation and moderate long-duration noise level (corona) under normal atmospheric conditions
high short-duration noise level (bursts) due to the operation of circuit-breakers and load-break isolators
The system includes means to combat burst noise, which virtually exclude any possibility of false signals or
tripping; thus the reliability of PLC channels is roughly equivalent to that of the terminal equipment. In spite
of the additional cost represented by the coupling devices and line traps, especially at EHV levels, the
overall cost of a PLC communications system is relatively low compared with other techniques and the cost
relation becomes even more favourable the longer the distance. These are the two main reasons why many
power utilities prefer PLC for power system communication.
1.1
Introduction
Power line carrier is used in almost all the countries of the world to transfer information via HV transmission
lines and has become an important instrument for the management and safety of electrical power systems.
Of the possible PLC techniques, single sideband modulation with a 4 kHz spacing to make the best use of
the available frequency bands and permitted transmitting powers, and the European practice, mainly for
reasons of cost, of multiple use of PLC channels for speech, data and protection signals have become
widely established. International recommendations for the characteristics of line traps, PLC coupling
devices and single sideband PLC equipment (IEC Publications 353, 358, 481 and 495) and also for the
design of PLC links (IEC Publication 663) have come into force. All the relevant CCIR and CCITT
recommendations in IEC Publication 495 were also taken into account, in order to ensure reliable coupling
of channels at the AF interfaces in power system control centres, power stations and transformer stations
between power utility PLC, normal radio and point-to-point radio and also leased back-up links.
1-1
5HYN589126-TA
1.2
General
ETL41/42/43/44
This document is intended as a guide for the user and commissioning engineers during commissioning and
the subsequent operation and maintenance of ETL PLC equipment.
Part I is devoted to describing the equipment and comprises the Sections "Type designations and
versions", "Mechanical design", "Technical data" and "Principle of operation".
Part II "Applications, programming and testing" describes the possible operating modes and equipment
configurations. Another section deals with the setting and programming of the different versions. The last
section is concerned with system operating level and adjusting the operating level of the equipment.
Part III contains details related to installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance.
Part IV "Appendicies" is a collection of pictures, dimensioned drawings and block diagrams.
The programming, tuning and testing instructions are contained in the supplementary document
5HYN589144-TA.
1-2
5HYN589126-TA
2.
2.1
Type designations
ETL41/42/43/44
The different types of the ETL series of units vary in transmitting power and the number of channels. The
40 W class includes the following types:
ETL41
SSB unit,
one channel,
RF O/P power
ETL42
SSB unit,
two channels,
RF O/P power
40 W PEP
ETL43
SSB unit,
three channels,
RF O/P power
40 W PEP
ETL44
SSB unit,
four channels,
RF O/P power
40 W PEP
2.2
Alternative versions
Each of the ETL units listed above is designed for multi-purpose operation. The available AF band can be
used as required. A large number of operating modes can be achieved with the following AF interfaces. A
typical allocation of frequencies in the AF band is given in Fig. 2.1. Using the standard pilot channel, the following alternatives are possible:
Only telecontrol:
300 Hz - 3600 Hz
Only speech:
300 Hz - 3400 Hz
Telecontrol band
300 - 2000 Hz
300 - 2200 Hz
300 - 2400 Hz
2160 Hz - 3600 Hz
2400 Hz - 3600 Hz
2640 Hz - 3600 Hz
2-1
5HYN589126-TA
Fig. 2.1
ETL41/42/43/44
2-2
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
If one of the optional pilot channels is used, 3850 Hz of the AF band are available. In this case the pilot occupies a bandwidth corresponding to a 100 Bd channel within the AF band.
The DC isolated auxiliary I/P's and O/P's (AUX. AF INPUT and AUX. AF OUTPUT) are also available on
the AF multiplexer P4LB for connecting an external teleprotection unit or for broadband transit of AF
signals. The power of teleprotection signals applied to the AUX. AF INPUT can be boosted.
The signal available at AUX. AF OUTPUT is an AF with a standard upper frequency limit of 3.85 kHz or an
optional frequency limit of 3.6 kHz (use of the low-pass filter on P4LB to suppress the standard pilot signal
when repeating transit signals).
Tables 2.1 and 2.2 give a summary of the I/P's and O/P's for telecontrol.
2-3
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
O4LA
I/Ps
Impedance
Setting range
Remarks
INPUT 1, 2, 3
600 Ohm
Steps of 0.25 dB
All I/P's can be programmed to be disconnectable or
non-disconnectable.
I/P 2 can be programmed
as transit filter I/P
or as broadband I/P
O/P's
OUTPUT 1, 2, 3
600 Ohm
Steps of 0.25 dB
All O/P's can be programmed as transit filter O/P
or as broadband O/P
Note:
The number of telecontrol I/P's and O/P's can be increased by connecting further O4LA modules
in parallel.
Table 2.1
P4LB
I/P or O/P
Impedance
Setting range
AUX. AF INPUT
600 Ohm
AUX. AF OUTPUT
600 Ohm
Table 2.2
Remarks
Power boosting settings
0, 5, 7, 9 dB
standard 3.85 kHz
option 3.6 kHz
2-4
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
2-5
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
4-wire PAX-PAX
2/4-wire PAX-PAX
remote subscriber
4-wire service telephone
O4LB
O4LC
O4LD
standard equipment
Plug-in jumpers enable the bandwidth of all the telephony interfaces to be set to one of the following:
- 300 - 2000 Hz
- 300 - 2200 Hz
- 300 - 2400 Hz
The upper limits of these bandwidths can be programmed in steps of 200 Hz to other values in a range
from 1800 Hz to 3600 Hz.
4-wire PAX mode O4LB
Unit Type O4LB is the interface used for connecting four-wire speech signals and the corresponding
signalling criteria to exchange equipment. All the functional blocks for processing transmitter and receiver
speech signals and the associated signal logic are contained in this unit. The circuits required for a fourwire service telephone are also provided.
The signalling and control logic signals are transferred via opto-coupler interfaces. These can be DC
isolated by using an optionally available DC/DC converter. The dialling signals for transmission are applied
to I/P "SIGNALLING M" and those received are passed on to the PAX via O/P "SIGNALLING E". Provision
is made by appropriate programming for inverting the dialing pulses. The LED "BUSY" indicates that the
"M" and/or "E" lines are active.
The control signal "SPEECH CONTROL" generated by the exchange equipment switches the system from
local to transit operation.
The receiver channel is blocked should the signal quality or strength become too low, or a tripping signal
from the NSD 50 be present.
2/4-wire PAX mode O4LC
With the exception of an additional two-wire port and a control I/P marked "HYBRID", the functions of the
Type O4LC interface are identical to those of Type O4LB.
Table 2.3 summarises the telephony I/P's and O/P's.
2-6
5HYN589126-TA
Function
ETL41/42/43/44
Level/Level range
Remarks
0V
-12.5 V
M-SIGNALLING
"MARK"
"SPACE"
E-SIGNALLING
"MARK"
"SPACE"
SPEECH CONTROL
"ON"
0V
"OFF"
-12.5 V
PAX BLOCKING
opto-coupler on O4LB
"ON"
"OFF"
"ON"
"OFF"
0 dBr standard
-16 to +6 dBr
-7 dBr standard
-16 to +6 dBr
0V
-12.5 V
M-SIGNALLING
"MARK"
"SPACE"
E-SIGNALLING
"MARK"
"SPACE"
HYBRID
"ON"
"OFF"
SPEECH CONTROL
PAX BLOCKING
opto-coupler on O4LC
"ON"
"OFF"
0V
-12.5 V
hybrid in
hybrid out
"ON"
0V
"OFF"
-12.5 V
"ON"
"OFF"
Table 2.3
2-7
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
2160 Hz 30 Hz
2640 Hz 30 Hz
3360 Hz 30 Hz
3600 Hz 30 Hz
Note: The higher of the two characteristic frequencies is referred to as SPACE and the lower as MARK.
2-8
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
Alarm condition
LED signal
on the front plate
Fault code
LED signal
on P4LA
Internal alarm
response
by P4LA
External alarm
signal
by P4LA
AUXILIARY SUPPLY
Failure on B5LA/C
B5LA/C
LED "POWER"
extinguished
B4LA
LED "ON" extinguished
P4LA
LED "SUP" extinguished
Failure on B4LA
B4LA
LED "ON" extinguished
P4LA
LED "SUP" extinguished
B4LB
LED "ON" extinguished
on the module
concerned
P4LA
LED WARNING
lit
Undervoltage on B4LA
H1
WARNING
B4LA
LED "ON" extinguished,
LED "UB<" lit
P4LA
LED "SUP" extinguished
12 V, +5 V output voltages
out of tolerance
P4LA
LED "SUP" extinguished
Overload on B4LA
B4LA
Corresponding
"OVERLOAD" LED's lit
* Optional
Table 2.4
2-9
5HYN589126-TA
Alarm condition
TRANSMITTER
RF transmitter
current too low
or supply 35 V
ETL41/42/43/44
LED signal
on the frontplate
Fault code
LED signal
on P4LA
Internal alarm
response
by P4LA
External alarm
signal
by P4LA
P3LA
"TX-ALARM"
Setting:
ETL41 TX O/P pilot - 6 dB
ETL42 TX O/P pilot - 3 dB
ETL43 TX O/P pilot - 1.5 dB
ETL44 TX O/P pilot - 0 dB
P4LA
"TX"
AF pilot failure
"TX"
RECEIVER
Signal strength too low.
Pilot level 2 - 5 dB
lower than normal.
P4LA
"RX"
Unit P4LA
PAX BLOCKING
SLOW MUTE
FAST MUTE
SOF
P4LA
"SNR"
Unit P4LA
PAX BLOCKING
SLOW MUTE
FAST MUTE
SB
FAST MUTE
Unit P4LA
PAX BLOCKING
TXB
Unit P4LA
TX PILOT FAIL
Processed by NSD 50
* Optional
Table 2.5
Transmitter/receiver supervision
2 - 10
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
Alarm condition
LED signal
on the frontplate
Fault code
LED signal
on P4LA
Internal alarm
response
by P4LA
External alarm
signal
by P4LA
PLUG-OUT supervision
Unit of basic equipment
not plugged in
(excl. AF options)
Depends on
missing PCB
H7
TXB
TRY
SLOW MUTE
FAST MUTE
SOF
PAX BLOCKNG
COMMON ALARM
At least one alarm
condition in Table
5.1 of Section 5.5.2
fulfilled. Logic on P4LA
for ETL system and
general alarms from certain
AF units, NSD50 and NSK5.
COMMON
Depends
on fault
See Table
2.8
Depends on fault
See Table 5.1
2 C/O contacts
COMMON ALARM*
Depends
on fault or
op. status.
See Table
2.8
Depends on fault
or operating
status.
See Table 5.1
Depends on
fault.
See Table 5.1
WARNING
(low priority alarms)
At least one alarm
condition in Table
5.1 of Section 5.5.2
fulfilled. Logic on P4LA
for low priority ETL
and certain AF unit
alarms.
For Microprocessor or
signal processor failure
P4LA
Other signals depend on
type of fault.
"WARNING"
Operating statuses
causing WARNING:
LOCAL LOOP
(dummy load inserted)
LTC/RTC:
(remote loop mode)
L5
Depends on
on fault.
Depends
fault.
See Table
2.8
* Optional
Table 2.6
2 - 11
5HYN589126-TA
Alarm conditions
TX ALARM
K1, K2*
2 or
10
2 or
10
RX ALARM
(RXL or SNR)
K1, K3*
2, 5, 10, 15
2, 5, 10, 15
AF COMMON
K1, K2*,K3*
WARNING
K1, K4*
Subsequent alarms
COMMON ALARM
K2*, K3*
2 or 10
2 or 10
CABINET ALARM
K1
see above
see above
* Optional
Table 2.7
2.2.6.1
Plug-out supervision
ETL41/42/43/44
ETL PLC equipment includes a supervision facility, which supervises that all the units belonging to the basic
equipment are properly inserted. Should one of the supervised units be missing, a COMMON (general) and
a CABINET alarm are initiated by P4LA (pilot and supervision unit). A TX or an RX alarm may also be activated and signalled by a LED, depending on the kind of fault. Alarm code H7 is displayed on P4LA, if the
test tone button is briefly pressed. The operating principle of the missing unit supervision facility can be
seen from Fig. 2.2.
The PLUG OUT 1 criteria supervises the common RF hybrid and the basic units of the various channels.
The criteria PLUG OUT 12 and PLUG OUT 22 supervise those units, which perform common functions for
channels 1 and 2, respectively 3 and 4 and their signals are interlinked by PLUG OUT 1 OR in the P4LI
units of channels 2 and 4.
This enables the following to be distinguished:
Missing RF hybrid P3LA/B*:
* Optional
2 - 12
5HYN589126-TA
Fig. 2.2
ETL41/42/43/44
2 - 13
5HYN589126-TA
2.2.6.2
ETL41/42/43/44
Whenever an alarm is activated on the ETL equipment, as indicated by one of the alarm LED's, additional
information regarding the cause of the problem can be obtained by displaying the related alarm code
(instead of the AGC display). This is achieved by briefly pressing the test tone button.
Table 2.8 lists the fault codes, which can be viewed on the display on the front of P4LA.
Alarm signals ensue from the evaluation of the following I/P's:
AGC BLOCKING:
PILOT SWITCH:
blocks the TX ALARM signal whilst NSD 50 is transmitting a tripping signal and also during the NSD 50
loop test and is activated when the pilot switch is set
at the rear of NSD 50.
LOCAL LOOP:
PLUG-OUT 1:
DSPW:
WARNING:
AF COMMON:
general alarm initiated by certain ETL units (transit filter E1LA) and by NSD 50 or NSK 5.
transmitter/receiver alarm
= no alarms active.
= Rx, Tx or SNR alarms active.
= 5 I/P's are active. The AGC blocking and pilot switches are in their normal positions (OFF).
= The pilot switch at the rear of the unit is set (ON).
2 - 14
5HYN589126-TA
"A"
"PA"
ETL41/42/43/44
"H0".."H9"
"L0".."L9"
"P0".."P9"
2 - 15
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
AGC
blocking
Pilot
jumper
Local
loop
Plugout 1
Warning
(P4LA,
DSPW)
Warning
AF common
0E
E
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FE
P
A
PA
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
x
x
x
1
x
x
x
1
x
x
x
1
x
x
x
1
x
x
x
H0
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
L0
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Table 2.8
"1"===>
"0"===>
"x"===>
Alarm active.
Alarm inactive.
any state
2 - 16
5HYN589126-TA
2.2.6.3
ETL41/42/43/44
Examples of alarms
Table 2.9 summarises the possible causes of faults, operating statuses and their influence on the display
and external signalling of alarms.
Fault/operating status
Normal operation
PCB of the basic equipment missing:
P4LB / P4LC / P4LD/E / P4LF / P4LG / P3LA
PCB P4LF missing or not properly inserted.
Alarm displayed/signalled
LED SUPPLY (P4LA)
Alarm code: OE (no fault)
ALARM CODE: H7 (PLUG-OUT)
Further alarms depending on the
function of the PCB
TX ALARM LED (P3LA)
TX ALARM LED (P4LA)
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
CABINET ALARM (K1)
TX ALARM
Alarm code: H7 (PLUG-OUT)
RX ALARM LED (P4LA)
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
CABINET ALARM (K1)
RX ALARM
BURST/SNR (K4); (jumper BU)
Alarm code: H7 (PLUG-OUT)
WARNING LED (P4LA): (yellow)
Alarm code L5 (Local loop test)
RX ALARM LED (P4LA)
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
CABINET ALARM (K1)
RX ALARM
BURST/SNR (K4); (jumper BU)
Alarm code: H7 (PLUG-OUT)
WARNING LED (P4LA): (yellow)
REMOTE LOOP ON LED (P4LB)
BURST/SNR or WARNING
(jumper BU/WA)
Yellow WARNING LED lights after T = 4sec
and CABINET ALARM (K1) is activated
Alarm code : P pilot switch OFF
A AGC switch BLOCK
PA both set
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
SNR LED
CABINET ALARM (K1)
RX ALARM (K3)
BURST/SNR (K4) (jumper BU)
Alarm code: E
2 - 17
5HYN589126-TA
Fault/operating status
Signal strength at receiver too low
RX level 2 to 5 dB below band of regulation
Alarm by NSD 50
Fault on the interface or NSD 50 processor PCB
ETL41/42/43/44
Alarm displayed/signalled
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
RX LED
CABINET ALARM (K1)
RX ALARM (K3)*
BURST/SNR (K4)* (umper BU)
Alarm code: E
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
TX ALARM LED (P3LA)
TX ALARM LED (P4LA)
CABINET ALARM (K1)
TX ALARM (K2)*
Alarm code: E
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
CABINET ALARM (K1)
RX ALARM (K3)*
TX ALARM (K2)*
Alarm code: H0
NSD 50:
LED AL
Interface:
LED AL1/LED AL2
COMMON ALARM LED (P4LA)
CABINET ALARM (K1)
RX ALARM (K3)*
TX ALARM (K2)*
Alarm code: H0 (AF COMMON ALARM)
WARNING LED
ALARM CODE H1 (warning)
WARNING LED
Alarm code: H1 (warning)
LED warning
CABINET ALARM (K1)
BURST/SNR WARNING (4) (jumper WA)
Alarm code: H3 (Warning P4LA DSPW)
2 - 18
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
24-100 kHz
E5LA
100-500 kHz
2 - 19
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
2 - 20
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
The configuration and functions of the rack assembly for Channel 3 correspond to those of Channel 1.
The configuration and functions of the rack assembly for Channel 4 correspond to those of Channel 2.
Compared with one-channel operation, the racks of a three or a four-channel scheme differ in the following
points:
Channel 3:
- The Channel 3 units for three-channel operation are identical to those of Channel 1. For four-channel operation, the Channel 1 RX RF converter Type P4LD is replaced by the Channel 2 RX RF converter Type
P4LE.
- The other units are the same as for one-channel operation.
Channel 4:
- The TX RF converter Type P4LF and the RX RF converter Type P4LD are replaced by the channel link
Type V9LK.
- The frequency synthesizer Type P4LG is replaced by the synthesizer Type P4LI.
- The intermediate frequency converter Type P4LC uses carriers of 636 kHz and 156 kHz provided by
P4LI, which are shifted by 4 kHz in relation to channel 3.
- The other units are the same as for one-channel operation.
2 - 21
5HYN589126-TA
2.2.10
ETL41/42/43/44
Auxiliary supply
All ETL auxiliary supply systems provide the PLC equipment with an auxiliary supply, which is DC isolated
from the station supply. Each channel rack has its own DC/DC converter. The power amplifier is DC
isolated from all other circuits by transformers in I/P and O/P having a high insulation level.
The overall auxiliary supply system comprises two units:
- PSU which supplies the complete equipment
- DC/DC converter (DC isolated supply for each channel rack)
Table 2.10 lists the PSU's and DC/DC converters used.
Supply for complete equipment
AC supply
ETL 41/42/43/44
110 V AC
230 V AC
Station battery
48 V DC
Supply for
channel rack Type P7LB
Single supply
Redundant supply
Table 2.10
*)
ETL42:
The smallest version of Channel 2 with the AF options 1 x O4LA (including E1LA) and O4LB/C
(less NSD 50) can be supplied by the Channel 1 DC/DC converter B4LA.
*)
ETL44:
The smallest version of Channel 4 with the AF options 1 x O4LA (including E1LA) and O4LB/C
(less NSD 50) can be supplied by the Channel 3 DC/DC converter B4LA.
2 - 22
5HYN589126-TA
2.2.11
ETL41/42/43/44
Testing facilities
There are a number of aids provided for testing and commissioning Type ETL PLC equipment.
Internal test generator
The standard P4LA unit is equipped with a test oscillator having an O/P signal of either 800 Hz or 3000 Hz
(C/O switch) at 0 dBm or -3.5 dBm, which is available at sockets on the frontplate. With the aid of this
oscillator, the transmitter level can be set and the transmitter and receiver circuits tested. The latter also
requires the dummy load P3LK.
Status display
The following alarm and operating statuses are signalled by LED's on the frontplate of P4LA:
COM
WARNING
TX
RX
SNR
P4LA
SUP
common alarm
low priority alarm
transmitter alarm
receiver alarm
SNR alarm
watchdog (processor error)
auxiliary supply stand-by
red
yellow
red
red
red
red
green
During normal operation the display on the front of P4LA shows the AGC status (remaining regulation leeway, normally 26 dB). In the event of a fault, a fault code can be presented on this display by briefly
pressing the test tone button, which provides more information on the nature of the fault (see Table 2.8
"Table of alarm codes" in Section 2.2.6.2).
Audio test
A simple go/no-go test, which can be heard in the receiver of the service telephone, can be performed by
injecting any of the AF signals at the test sockets on the front of the telephony interface O4LB/C.
Dummy load for local loop test facility
The transmitter is terminated by its rated load by inserting the dummy load P3LK in place of the RF hybrid.
This then forms a local loop, which enables both transmitter and receiver to be fully tested. A frequency
converter and corresponding control circuit in the device automatically switch the transmitter frequency to
the receiver frequency when the dummy load is inserted.
Remote loop test facility
This is one of the most useful aids during commissioning and fault-finding on site, which enables the AF
characteristic of a PLC receiver channel to be tested and its distortion to be equalized from one end of the
transmission line.
In the remote loop test mode, the AF signal injected at the local end is detected by a PLL (phase-locked
loop) circuit (tracking filter) in the terminal equipment at the remote end and looped at the correct signal
2 - 23
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
strength to the remote transmitter to be returned to the local station. The REMOTE LOOP TEST is
initialised, held and controlled by a microprocessor on P4LA. The procedure for performing the REMOTE
LOOP TEST is described in Section 5.5.2.
Should a change of frequency become necessary as the PLC network expands, two optional tuning
adapters are available for tuning the transmitter filter E5LA/B and the receiver filter on P4LD/E.
2 - 24
5HYN589126-TA
3.
MECHANICAL DESIGN
3.1
Construction
Mechanical design
ETL41/42/43/44
PLC equipment of the ETL series is constructed according to the K80 standard. All the units plug into 19"
electronic equipment racks. The units inserted into the channel rack Type P7LB are 6U (266 mm) high and
220 mm deep; the units in the power amplifier rack Type P7LA are 3U (133 mm) high and 220 mm, respectively 160 mm deep. The units are secured by screws in the racks. The connectors of the units can be optionally coded.
The dimensions of the various alternative versions are given in Appendix A.1. In the standard version, the
equipment racks are mounted in the hinged frame of a cubicle Type E35C (see Appendix A.1).
3.2
Units fitted
The locations of the units in the racks of equipment types ETL41/42/43/44 are to be found in Appendix A.1,
which also includes a parts list with all the units.
3.3
Internal wiring
The signals are conveyed between the units in a channel rack P7LB via the back plane PCB (see Appendix
A.3). The wiring between the channel rack P7LB and the power amplifier P7LA and also between channel
racks in a multiple channel scheme is by means of 16 core ribbon cables Types V9LH/V9LI.
3.4
External connections
3-1
5HYN589126-TA
4.
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
TECHNICAL DATA
All ETL equipment fully complies with, or is better than the requirements of the draft revision of IEC Publication 495 covering single sideband power line carrier terminal equipment (August 1990).
4.1
System data
Operating mode:
24 to 500 kHz
40 to 500 kHz
ETL 41/42/43/44
erect mode
ETL41
ETL42
ETL43
ETL44
Nominal bandwidth:
4 kHz
8 kHz
12 kHz
16 kHz
60 dB
54 dB
50 dB
48 dB
35 to
40 dB
30 to
35 dB
25 to
30 dB
23 to
28 dB
Frequency spacing:
Frequency gap between channels of several
equipments operating in parallel on
a common line.
- transmitter to its own receiver
- transmitter to adjacent transmitter
- transmitter to adjacent receiver
- receiver to adjacent receiver
0 kHz
8 kHz
4 kHz
0 kHz
8 kHz
4 kHz
0 kHz
0 kHz
1.5 dB
1.5 dB
0 kHz
12 kHz
4 kHz
0 kHz
0 kHz
16 kHz
4 kHz
0 kHz
8 kHz
12 kHz
16 kHz
4-1
1.5 dB
1.5 dB
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
10 x 10-6 ( 5 Hz)
Useful AF bandwidth
-0.9/+1.7 dB
-0.9/+0.9 dB
-0.9/+1.7 dB
-0.9/+1.7 dB
-0.9/+0.9 dB
-0.9/+1.7 dB
-0.9/+3.0 dB
-0.9/+1.7 dB
-0.9/+0.9 dB
-0.9/+1.7 dB
-0.9/+3.0 dB
Refer to Fig. 10, IEC 495
4-2
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
3 ms
1.5 ms
0.5 ms
3 ms
3 ms
1.5 ms
0.5 ms
1.5 ms
5 ms
5 ms
3 ms
1.5 ms
0.5 ms
3 ms
Linearity
Compandor characteristics
4-3
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Harmonic distortion
350 Hz speech signal
4-wire:
2-wire:
1 % at max. gain
Telecontrol signals
Near and far-end cross-talk:
Interference level in speech band
produced by any tone in superaudio band *)
-50 dBm0p
50 dB
Quiescent noise *)
-55 dBm0p
AF off-set
0 Hz
Supervision, alarms:
*) Note: The above tests are carried out with an artificial line having an attenuation of:
31 dB for the ETL41
25 dB for the ETL42
21 dB for the ETL43
19 dB for the ETL44
4-4
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
SUP
Tx
Rx
SNR
COM
yellow
P4LA
- Cabinet alarm:
1 potentially-free N/C contact
(closes to give alarm)
hermetically sealed dry reed relay,
max. ratings: 15 W/60 V/500 mA
AF muting
- Slow muting
Rx signal strength alarm:
SNR alarm:
9 dB, 15 dB
Pick-up and reset delays: 2, 5, 10, 15 s
4-5
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Ambient conditions
Normal operation
Climatic conditions:
Within specification:
Temperature range
Relative humidity
-5 to +45 C
95%
Complies with
Operational:
+55 C
Note:
The equipment may not be operated at the higher temperature of +55C for more than 24 hours. In
normal operation, humidity and temperature gradient must be such that condensation or the formation of ice cannot occur.
Mechanical conditions:
Complies with
Storage
(equipment in packing)
Climatic conditions:
Temperature range
-40 to +70 C
Complies with
Mechanical conditions:
Complies with
Transport
Climatic conditions:
Temperature range
-40 to +70 C
Complies with
Mechanical conditions:
Complies with
4-6
5HYN589126-TA
4.2
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Transmitter Data
RF O/P power
Peak envelope power (PEP) including
pilot signal under nominal load
conditions at coaxial O/P
Spurious signal
suppression
40 W (+46 dBm)
ETL41
ETL42
ETL43
ETL44
60 dB
60 dB
60 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
70 dB
80 dB
70 dB
80 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Harmonic suppression
80 dB
80 dB
80 dB
80 dB
80 dB
80 dB
80 dB
80 dB
Pilot channel:
Nominal frequency
3780 Hz 30 Hz
Options
2160 Hz 30 Hz
2640 Hz 30 Hz
3360 Hz 30 Hz
3600 Hz 30 Hz
4-8
5HYN589126-TA
4.3
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Receiver Data
-24 dBm
Selectivity:
0.3 Hz from the band limits:
4 kHz from the band limits:
70 dB
100 dB
Image rejection
80 dB
IF rejection
80 dB
6 dB
4-9
5HYN589126-TA
4.4
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
AF Interfaces
56 dB
Return loss
20 dB
DC resistance
2 M
Limiter characteristic:
I/P level
-1 dBm0:
-1 ... 0 dBm0:
+15 dBm0:
Telephony signalling:
M wire *)
4 - 10
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
Hybrid switching *)
ETL41/42/43/44
Speech control *)
(transit/local)
56 dB
20 dB
2 M
Telephone signalling:
E-wire
Pulse distortion
1.5 ms
N/O contact
Contact closes for a receiver alarm
Hermetically sealed dry reed relay
Max. ratings: 100 mA/60 V
*)
DC isolation can be provided for the signal I/P's by fitting an optionally available DC/DC converter.
Insulation level
4 - 11
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Service telephone
Standard
Operating modes
56 dB
Return loss
20 dB
DC resistance
2 M
Limiter characteristic:
I/P level
-1 dBm0:
-1 ... 0 dBm0:
+15 dBm0:
Telephony signalling:
M wire *)
Speech control *)
(transit/local)
4 - 12
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Receiver path:
Nominal 4-wire O/P level
O/P level range
56 dB
20 dB
2 M
Telephone signalling:
E-wire
Solid-state contact
Max. ratings: 50 mA/60 V
Pulse distortion
1.5 ms
N/O contact
Contact closes for a receiver alarm
Hermetically sealed dry reed relay
Max. ratings: 100 mA/ 60 V
*)
DC isolation can be provided for the signal I/P's by fitting an optionally available DC/DC converter.
Insulation level
Service telephone
Standard
Operating modes
4 - 13
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
0 dBr
56 dB
Return loss
20 dB
-20 dBm
Telecontrol O/P's
3 O/P's
56 dB
Return loss
20 dB
Note:
The number of telecontrol I/P's and O/P's can be doubled by inserting an additional telecontrol PCB
Type O4LA.
4 - 14
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
50 dB
flat in a band of 0.9 dB
360 Hz to 3720 Hz adjustable in steps of 60 Hz
Selectivity
50 dB/120 Hz
10 filters with group delay distortion of ETL channel and filter equalized.
Bandpass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2160 Hz - 3600 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2000 Hz and 3720 Hz
see fig. 4.1
Bandpass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2160 Hz - 3480 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2000 Hz and 3580 Hz
see fig. 4.2
Bandpass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2400 Hz - 3600 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2200 Hz and 3720 Hz
see fig. 4.3
Bandpass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2400 Hz - 3480 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2000 Hz and 3580 Hz
see fig. 4.4
Bandpass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2520 Hz - 3600 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2400 Hz and 3720 Hz
see fig. 4.5
Bandpass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2520 Hz - 3480 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2400 Hz and 3580 Hz
see fig. 4.6
Low-pass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
3600 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 3720 Hz
see fig. 4.7
4 - 15
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
Low-pass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
3480 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 3580 Hz
see fig. 4.8
High-pass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2520 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2340 Hz
see fig. 4.9
High-pass
Ripple
Rejection
Group delay
2760 Hz
+0.9 dB / -0.9 dB
50 dB for f 2700 Hz
see fig. 4.0
ETL41/42/43/44
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2
4 - 16
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Fig. 4.3
Fig. 4.4
Fig. 4.5
4 - 17
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Fig. 4.6
Fig. 4.7
Fig. 4.8
4 - 18
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
Fig. 4.9
Fig. 4.10
4 - 19
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
600 ohms
-10 Br
-20 dBr to 0 dBr
20 dB
56 dB
0 db, 5 dB, 7 dB, 9 dB
DC isolated I/P with external
+5 V supply
Boosting criterion ON
OFF
600 ohms
-10 dBr
-3.5 dBr
20 dB
56 dB
3600 Hz
4 - 20
5HYN589126-TA
4.5
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Testing facilities
100 Hz to 10000 Hz
- I/P impedance
High-impedance
20 ohms
- Tx power rating
PEP
Continuous
80 W
40 W
4 - 21
5HYN589126-TA
4.6
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Auxiliary supplies
ETL41
ETL42
ETL43
ETL44
110/230 V
+10/-15 %
45 to 65 Hz
110/230 V
+10/-15 %
45 to 65 Hz
110/230 V AC
+10/-15 %
45 to 65 Hz
110/230 V
+10/-15 %
45 to 65 Hz
95 VA
130 VA
285 VA
110 VA
140 VA
225 VA
145 VA
165 VA
265 VA
175 VA
195 VA
290 VA
Battery supply
48 VDC
+20 %
-15 %
48 VDC
+20 %
-15 %
48 VDC
+20 %
-15 %
48 VDC
+20 %
-15 %
5 % pp
5 % pp
5 % pp
5 % pp
80 W
100 W
210 W
90 W
110 W
170 W
100 W
115 W
185 W
120 W
135 W
205 W
Reflected noise
3 mV psophometrically weighted
AC supply
Power consumption
Ripple
Power consumption
4 - 22
5HYN589126-TA
4.7
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
5 kV, 1.2/50 s
between terminals and ground
HF interference test
IEC 255-22-1, Class 3
2.5 kV
2 kV
Insulation resistance
IEC 255-5
100 M, 500 V DC
CM
DM
5 kV
5 kV
HF interference test
IEC 255-22-1, Class 3
2.5 kV
1 kV
2 kV
4 - 23
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
AF I/O's
Voltage withstand
IEC 255-5
Insulation resistance
IEC 255-5
100 M, 500 V DC
CM
DM
1 kV
1 kV
HF interference test
IEC 255-22-1, Class 2
1 kV
0.5 kV
1 kV
Insulation resistance *)
IEC 255-5
100 M, 500 V DC
CM
DM
1 kV
1 kV
HF interference test
IEC 255-22-1, Class 2
1 kV
0.5 kV
1 kV
4 - 24
5HYN589126-TA
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Insulation resistance
IEC 255-5
100 M, 500 V
CM
DM
5 kV
5 kV
HF interference test
IEC 255-22-1, Class 3
2.5 kV
1 kV
2 kV
2000 V DC 2, 1 min.
between terminals and ground
Insulation resistance
IEC 255-5
100 M, 500 V DC
CM
DM
5 kV
5 kV
HF interference test
IEC 255-22-1, Class 3
2.5 kV
1 kV
2 kV
8 kV
10 V/m
4 - 25
5HYN589126-TA
4.8
Technical data
ETL41/42/43/44
Width
Depth
Dimensions:
399 mm
482 mm
approx. 350 mm
Weight:
22 kg fully equipped
Width
Depth
Dimensions:
666.8 mm
482 mm
approx. 350 mm
Weight:
Width
Depth
Dimensions:
933.5 mm
482 mm
approx. 350 mm
Weight:
47 kg fully equipped
Height
Width
Depth
Dimensions
1200.2 mm
482 mm
approx. 350 mm
Weight:
4 - 26
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
5.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
5.1
Modulation scheme
ETL41/42/43/44
5-1
5HYN589126-TA
Fig. 5.1
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5-2
5HYN589126-TA
Fig. 5.2
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5-3
5HYN589126-TA
5.2
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
See block diagram 5HYN589136-CA for the carrier frequency section of Channel 1 in Appendix A.2.
5.2.1 Transmitter
Transmitter part of AF converter P4LB
The various AF signals, which are transferred to the AF transmitter bus by the speech and telecontrol
interfaces, the teleprotection unit NSD 50 and the VFT channel of NSK 5, are multiplexed on this unit and
converted into the intermediate frequency IF1 = 16-20 kHz by the first modulator stage.
The telecontrol and speech signals pass from their respective AF buses via I/P's A12, C12 and C13 to the
I/P and multiplexing amplifiers and thence to the AF IF modulator.
Teleprotection signals from the incorporated NSD 50 are fed in via the I/P C11, which cannot be
interrupted.
The auxiliary AF I/P's A6 and C6 are DC isolated and can be used for connecting an external teleprotection
signalling equipment or for the broadband relaying of AF transit signals.
The two auxiliary signals TX PILOT and TEST TONE generated on the P4LA unit are connected to the
separate I/P's A4 and A6.
After undesirable modulation products have been suppressed by a 20 kHz low-pass filter, the multiplexed
and modulated first IF TXIF1 passes via O/P C2 to the IF converter P4LC.
The 16 kHz carrier (local oscillator) needed for modulating from AF to IF1 and demodulating from IF1 to AF
is derived from the 7.68 MHz quartz oscillator, the signal of which is connected to pins A30 and C30.
The tripping and power boosting criteria are derived by the BOOST LOGIC from control signals, which
come from the teleprotection unit NSD 50 and any external transfertripping unit connected. These
determine the brief interruption of the speech and pilot signals and of appropriately programmed telecontrol
channels. The power of the tripping signal is boosted to the maximum power capability of the transmitter.
The control signals TX SPEECH OFF, PILOT SWITCH and BOOST generated by the NSD 50 are applied
to the BOOST LOGIC at logic signal level via pins C9, A10 and C10 and result in the following:
TX SPEECH OFF:
PILOT SWITCH:
5-4
5HYN589126-TA
BOOST:
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The AUX. BOOST signal emitted by an external teleprotection signalling equipment and connected to I/P's
A24 and C24 results in the following:
AUX. BOOST
The AUX. BOOST criterion can be made available externally either with DC isolation via an opto-coupler
and external auxiliary supply or via an auxiliary relay contact and the internal -12 V supply (jumpers TA, TB
and TC).
A further criterion, which influences the BOOST LOGIC, is the signal TXB from P4LA via I/P A7. This signal
is generated when the remote loop mode has been successfully initialised and interrupts, apart from the
NSD 50 teleprotection signal TXAF, all the AF signals at the transmitter end. It also blocks the AUX. AF
OUTPUT at the receiver end.
AF signals can be injected for test purposes (checking the frequency/amplitude characteristic) at sockets
(4) and (5) on the frontplate. The LED marked REMOTE LOOP lights on the frontplate, when the
equipment is in the remote loop test mode. The remote loop test mode is discontinued should a
teleprotection signal be generated.
Fail-safe test sockets are also provided on the frontplate for checking the transmitter signals AUX AFTX
(auxiliary AF I/P) and TXAF (multiplexed AF signal).
5-5
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
channel mode it is converted to the IF 620-624 kHz by mixing it with the 640 kHz carrier. In two-channel
mode, the second channel is converted to the IF 616-620 kHz by mixing it with the 636 kHz carrier. A lowpass filter then follows, after which the signal appears at the balanced O/P of terminals C3 and C4 and
passes to the RF modulator P4LF.
Fail-safe test sockets are provided on the frontplate for checking the signal TXIF1.
The frequency of 640 kHz needed for conversion is obtained by division from the 7.68 MHz quartz oscillator
signal from the carrier synthesizer P4LG, which is applied to I/P's A30 and C30. The carrier TXIF2FC = 636 kHz needed for two-channel operation is obtained by division of the doubled frequency of
1272 kHz provided by P4LI and connected to I/P's A9 and C9. This frequency is selected automatically for
two-channel operation by the signal IF2 SELECT at I/P C6.
5-6
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5.2.2 Receiver
Receiver RF demodulator (converter) P4LD
The RF signal RX-RF received via the power line is conducted by a two-wire link from the input potentiometer of the hybrid to pins 15/16 of the connector X178 and thence to I/P A1/C1 and the filter RX-RF. The attenuator at the input of the filter firstly makes the input impedance independent of potentiometer setting for
the tunable receiver filter which follows, and secondly compensates the filter's frequency dependent attenuation. The three-stage receiver bandpass filter provides a first stage of selectivity, but its main purpose is to
suppress the transmitter signals of local parallel PLC equipment.
Following voltage adjustment and impedance conversion, the RF converter steps the frequency down to the
intermediate frequency IF3 = 620-624 kHz.
The internal carrier RXFC needed by the RF converter for this purpose is derived by conditioning and dividing the frequency of a signal provided by P4LG and applied to the I/P C20/C21.
A portion of the carrier RX CARRIER is fed via a low-pass filter and O/P A17 to the pilot and supervision
unit P4LA for monitoring.
In the local loop test mode with the dummy load inserted, the signal LOCAL LOOP generated by the transmitter RF converter P4LF and applied to I/P A5 switches the receiver RF carrier 2RXFC via O/P C17 and
connector X178 to the modulator stage of the dummy load P3LK.
The subsequent filter has a bandwidth of 8 kHz and can thus also be used for two-channel operation. Its
purpose is to suppress the image band IF and residual carrier. Another stage of level and impedance
adjustment takes place before the next demodulator converts the signal to the second IF of
IF2 = 140-144 kHz.
The carrier of 480 kHz needed in this case is obtained by directly dividing the frequency of the 7.68 MHz
quartz oscillator, which is connected to I/P A30/C30.
The filter RX-IF2 comes next and makes a first contribution to the receiver's excellent selectivity. From this
filter, the signal passes via a further amplifier and O/P A19/A20 to the IF converter P4LC. In two-channel
operation (use of P4LE), channel 2 is available at O/P A12/A13.
Two fail-safe test sockets are provided on the frontplate for checking the signals RX-RF and RX-IF2.
5-7
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5-8
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
On the standard equipment, the 3.85 kHz AF channel and optionally the 3.6 kHz AF channel with suppressed standard pilot are available at the DC isolated auxiliary O/P A8/C8 marked AUX. AF OUTPUT.
This O/P facilitates the connection of an external teleprotection unit or relaying of transit (repeater) signals.
If the signal quality is too poor, the O/P can be blocked by the SLOW MUTE signal from the pilot and supervision unit.
The signalling interfaces "E" and "M" at O/P's A26/C26 and A30/C30 are provided for repeating dialling impulses in the transit mode. The E-WIRE circuit is DC isolated by an opto-coupler. The corresponding
signals can be checked at the test sockets "E" and "M" on the frontplate. Fail-safe sockets marked AUX.
AF RX (auxiliary AF O/P) and RXAF are also provided for checking the receiver AF signals.
5-9
5HYN589126-TA
5.3
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
See block diagram 5HYN589136-CA for the converter section of Channel 1 in Appendix A.2.
The programmable transmitter and receiver carrier frequencies 2TXFC and 2RXFC are generated by this
unit. The two carriers are derived by the synthesizers PLL TX and PLL RX from the 16 kHz reference frequency, which itself is derived from the 7.68 MHz quartz oscillator by a frequency divider. The two RF carriers are applied to the transmitter RF converter P4LF, respectively the receiver RF converter P4LD at twice
the frequency as 2TXFC and 2RXFC.
The quartz oscillator can be connected as master or slave by appropriately closing jumpers MA and MB, respectively SA and SB. In the slave mode, the frequency of the quartz oscillator is controlled by the voltage
VCXO connected to I/P A2 and the capacitance diode. Thus the frequencies of different units can be
locked and AF frequency drift eliminated. The frequency control voltage can be measured at the socket
marked RX SYNC. The 7.68 MHz quartz oscillator signal is fed via an isolating amplifier and O/P A30/C30
to the CONTROL BUS and is available for use by the other units.
The quartz signal is also shaped to a squarewave and divided down to 16 kHz before being applied to the
transmitter and receiver synthesizers. The 16 kHz signal can be checked at the test sockets on the frontplate.
PLL SYNTHESIZER:
A frequency and phase-selective phase comparator compares the 16 kHz reference oscillator signal with
the frequency, following division, of the VCO (voltage controlled oscillator). The voltage at the O/P of the
phase comparator is used to correct the frequency of the VCO. The VCO voltage can be checked at the
socked marked TX VCO.
The VCO generates a signal in the range 5 to 10 MHz. This carrier is available from O/P A12/C12 at twice
the frequency as a push-pull signal 2TXFC for use by the transmitter RF converter P4LF. This carrier can
be checked at the test socket TXFC.
The receiver PLL synthesizer functions in a similar manner. The push-pull signal of twice the frequency
2RXFC is available at O/P A20/C20 for use by converter P4LD/E. The signals RXFC and RX VCO can also
be checked at sockets on the frontplate.
The programming and tuning of the P4LG unit are described in tuning instructions 5HYN589097-TA in the
supplementary document .
5 - 10
5HYN589126-TA
5.4
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
See block diagram 5HYN589137-CA of the 40 W power amplifier section in Appendix A.2.
The power amplifier P1LA, the transmitter filter E5LA/B, the RF hybrid P3LA and the auxiliary supply unit
B5LA/C, which are described in Section 5.4, are accommodated in equipment rack P7LA.
Power amplifier P1LA
The channel 1 and channel 2 O/P signal from the transmitter RF converter P4LF is connected by the leads
TXRF12-A and TXRF12-B from connector X184 to the I/P transformer of the power amplifier P1LA. In the
case of three and four-channel schemes, the signals from channels 3 and 4 are also connected to the I/P of
the power amplifier by the leads TXRF34-A and TXRF34-B.
The RF signal then passes through the AGC amplifier and pre-amplifier stages to the driver circuit. The
gain of the AGC amplifier is determined by the emitter current of the O/P power transistors, which is thus
protected against overload. A combined current/voltage regulation ensures a minimum of distortion due to
non-linearity and also a constant O/P impedance. The driver circuit provides the low source impedance
necessary for the correct operation of the O/P amplifier stage. The signal amplified by the push-pull O/P
stage is combined again in the O/P transformer, from which it goes to the high-power transmitter filter E5LA
or E5LB.
The forwards O/P current CFB and forwards O/P voltage VFB are added in the directional coupler and fed
to the supervision circuit, which also monitors the auxiliary supply. Should either the auxiliary supply voltage
or the O/P power fall below a prescribed minimum value, the latter of the two being adjustable, the Tx alarm
is activated and transferred by an opto-coupler to the pilot and supervision unit P4LA.
The auxiliary supply for the power amplifier is provided either from the station battery or a secure AC supply
via the series regulator (I/P X107/110). A supplementary circuit conditions the auxiliary supply for the driver
circuit. The bias circuit supplies the quiescent current for the transistors of the O/P stage via the driver
transformer.
The high voltage withstand I/P and O/P transformers provide the DC isolation of the power amplifier from
the other parts of the equipment. This simplifies the connection of the battery for the auxiliary supply and
avoids the need of a high-power DC/DC converter. The jumper positions for the different operating modes
of the power amplifier P1LA can be seen from the table on the block diagram 5HYN589137-CA (see also
Alternative programming 5HYN589096-TA).
Transmitter filter E5LA/B
Purposes of the filter:
- The transmitter filter reduces spurious emissions due to non-linearity of the O/P amplifier.
- The filter's high impedance in the rejection part of its characteristic enables further PLC units to
be connected in parallel with only low losses.
- The transmitter filter protects the O/P amplifier from voltage spikes on the power line caused by
power system switching, faults and lightning.
5 - 11
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The transmitter signal from O/P amplifier P1LA is looped through the hybrid from pins B/D/Z30 and B/D/Z32
to B/D/Z28 and B/D/Z26 of X182 from where it goes to connectors X174 and X171 and the programmable
transmitter filter. The impedance is transformed additionally by transformers T3 and T4 on the hybrid to
double the bandwidth for three and four-channel operation.
The transmitter filter is designed for programming on site. The centre frequency of the filter can be set in
steps of 2 kHz using the four sets of condensers C11-C15, C16-C18, C21-C25 and C26-C28, which are
housed in two metal containers. Fine tuning is achieved with the aid of the coils L1 and L2. Filter E5LA is
suitable for a range of 100 kHz to 500 kHz and filter E5LB for a range of 24 kHz to 100 kHz. Tuning is performed in conjunction with the tuning adapters P3LL and P4LM. Adapter P3LL is inserted in place of the hybrid and contains switching and measuring facilities for tuning the circuits individually and for checking selectivity.
Programming and tuning the transmitter filter is described in detail in the Tuning instructions 5HYN589140TA in the supplementary document.
RF hybrid P3LA
The purpose of the RF hybrid is to decouple the receiver from its own transmitter. Its use is essential where
line attenuation is high, especially when transmitter and receiver bands are close together. The transmitter
intermodulation products at the receiver I/P are correspondingly reduced by the transhybrid attenuation.
The module consists essentially of a transformer and tuned circuit, which form a model of the transmission
line impedance. The high ratio of the transformer results in a low insertion loss between the transmitter and
the line. The achievable level of attenuation between transmitter and receiver depends on the accuracy of
the line model.
The O/P signal from the power amplifier is looped from I/P B/D/Z30 through the matching transformer T4 to
O/P B/D/Z28 and the transmitter filter. The transmitter signal goes from I/P B/D/Z16 to a second matching
transformer T3, the hybrid transformer T1 to the O/P B/D/Z20 and thence to the RF connector X175
marked RF LINE. The O/P impedance can be set to either 125 or 75 Ohms with the aid of soldered
jumpers. The matching transformers T3 and T4 double the bandwidth of the transmitter filter for three and
four-channel operation. The transmitter level can be measured at the test socket RF LINE. A measured
level of 0 dBU corresponds to an O/P power of 10 W or +40 dBm.
The receiver signal from the RF connector passes via the hybrid transformer T1 to the receiver potentiometer. The gain of the receiver is set such that the AGC amplifier on P4LC is at its nominal operating point.
The receiver signals RXRF-A and RX-RF-B go from O/P B12/D12 to the receiver RF converter P4LD/E.
Alarm conditions of the power amplifier P1LA are also evaluated on this unit. A TX ALARM is fed into the
unit at I/P Z8, is signalled by the LED marked TX ALARM and leaves the unit at O/P D6 and goes to the
pilot and supervision unit P4LA.
5 - 12
5HYN589126-TA
5.5
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
See block diagram 5HYN589136-CA for the converter section of channel 1 in Appendix A.2.
The functions performed by this unit can be divided into two main groups:
- the pilot channel
comprising the function blocks PILOT TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER and the TEST TONE RECEIVER and
- the supervision section
comprising the blocks TEST TONE GENERATOR, REMOTE LOOP CONTROL, the supervision circuits
WATCHDOG and AUXILIARY SUPPLY, the blocking logic BLOCKING CONTROL and the frontplate and
external alarm signals.
The pilot channel functions are performed by a digital signal processor (DSP) and those in the supervision
section by a microprocessor.
The pilot channel hardware comprises the signal processor with internal data and program memories, the
A/D and D/A converters for analogue I/O signals and a number of digital I/P and O/P modules. There are
also circuits for controlling the serial ports, the I/O stages for exchanging analogue signals with other units
and the programming switches for setting the parameters of the DSP.
The supervision hardware includes the 8 bit microcontroller with an internal data memory, an external program memory and the various I/P modules for data and clock signals. The test tone generator is an independent module. This unit also includes further supervision circuits, a number of signals and relays for
external alarms.
5 - 13
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5 - 14
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Remote station:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
detection of the 1000 Hz test tone and the REMOTE LOOP code
transmission of the acknowledgement signal via the dialling channel (duration "1")
generation of the blocking signals LTC and TT
closing of the remote loop in accordance with RLC
blocking of the AF signals and dialling channel at transmitter and receiver ends
lighting up of the LED marked WARN.
5 - 15
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5 - 16
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
BLOCKING CONTROL
This firmware of this block processes a large number of external and internal unit status and alarm criteria.
According to the signals at the I/P's of the block, the control and blocking signals necessary are generated
and frontplate and external alarms activated, the latter by means of the auxiliary relays.
Table 5.1 summarises the logical relationships between the I/P's and O/P's of the BLOCKING CONTROL
module and the conditions leading to alarms and the blocking of other functional units.
5 - 17
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Table 5.1
5 - 18
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Definitions of the alarm logic I/P's and O/P's used in Table 5.1
External I/P's:
LOCAL LOOP
Internal I/P's:
LTC
RLC
WARNING
SNR
TX-IN
transmitter alarm
MC
DSP
TT
(combined Tx alarms)
failure
.
FAST
AGC BLOCKING
PSU
DSPW
error.
TX CARRIER
RX CARRIER
RXL
PILOT SWITCH
strength
(The O/P's are active under the conditions given in the blocking control alarm logic of Table 5.1.)
External O/P's:
TXB
TRY
SLOW MUTE
Internal O/P's:
LED
WARN
by NSD 50.
when it resets.
K1
K2*
K3*
K4*
Exception: NSD 50
FAST MUTE
PAX
BLOCKING
exchange.
conditions (optional).
TX
dialling channel.
criterion.
* Optional
5 - 19
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The following LED's on the frontplate signal alarm conditions and operating statuses:
COM
WARNING
TX
RX
SNR
P4LA
SUP
general alarm
low priority alarm
transmitter alarm
receiver alarm
SNR alarm
watchdog (processor failure)
auxiliary supply intact
red
yellow
red
red
red
red
green
In normal operation the seven-segment LCD shows the AGC status (remaining gain available, normally
26 dB). Pressing the test tone button when a failure is being signalled causes a fault code with further information on the fault to be shown on the LCD. (The table of alarm codes is given in Section 2.2.6).
Four auxiliary relays K1 ... K4* with potentially-free contacts are provided for remotely signalling alarms:
K1:
K2:
K2/K3*:
K3*:
K4*:
cabinet alarm
Tx alarm
combined transmitter/receiver alarm (general alarm)
receiver alarm
optional noise burst/low priority alarm
N/C contact
C/O contact
C/O contact
C/O contact
A summary of the criteria monitored, resulting action in the units, the alarm and status signals and
externally signalled alarms is to be found in Section 2.2.6 "Supervision and alarm facilities".
* optional
5 - 20
5HYN589126-TA
5.6
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Synchronising receivers
The slightest frequency shift between transmitter and receiver when operating narrow band frequency shift
keyed (FSK) channels cause isochronous distortion of the demodulated data signal. This can be avoided by
synchronised demodulation by the slave receiver. Automatic synchronisation of a PLC transmitter/receiver
pair results in zero frequency shift of AF signals.
The operation of the carrier frequency scheme and receiver synchronisation in the slave station is
illustrated in the diagram below.
Fig. 5.3
5 - 21
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The quartz oscillator in the ETL equipment at the master end is free running. From it are derived all the
internal carriers (local oscillator frequencies) and clock frequencies needed. Its pilot is transmitted to the
slave equipment at the opposite end of the line, where it is used as reference frequency for
synchronisation.
The AF signal RX PILOT goes from the O/P of the AF converter P4LB to the pilot and supervision unit
P4LA, where it is filtered to become the received pilot signal and compared in a phase comparator with a
local pilot signal. The phase comparator produces a control voltage VCXO for controlling the frequency of
the quartz local oscillator on the synthesizer unit P4LG of the slave equipment. Since in the steady-state
condition, the oscillator of the remote master and the oscillator of the local slave are synchronised at the
same frequency, the carriers used to obtain the IF's in both units are also synchronised. This sychronisation
prevails regardless of whether data is being transmitted from master to slave or from slave to master. In
duplex operation, a synchronisation signal is only needed in the direction from master to slave.
An ETL terminal is programmed to be master or slave by appropriately inserting the jumpers MA and MB,
respectively SA and SB on the carrier synthesizer unit P4LG.
It is possible to operate two master stations asynchronously. If, however, a maximum permissible
frequency shift of 2 Hz is specified, this mode of operation is limited to 200 kHz. The operation of two units
in the slave mode is not possible.
5 - 22
5HYN589126-TA
5.7
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Telephony interfaces
5 - 23
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The receiver is blocked by the signal SLOW MUTE connected to I/P C18, when the quality or strength of
the signal being received is too low. The speech O/P is similarly blocked (I/P A9) by a tripping signal from
the NSD 50. During one of the alarm conditions according to Table 5.1 or when the service telephone is
being used (jumper PB), the exchange equipment is blocked by the signal PAX BLOCKING, which is
applied to O/P A20/C20 by a potentially-free contact.
The settings for the various operating modes of O4LC are described in Alternative programming
5HYN589096-TA.
Service telephone:
The standard unit makes provision for inserting a four-wire Microtel Type Q8AA into the frontplate (4-pin
socket marked MICROTEL). The 1000 Hz call tone is transmitted when the CALL button is pressed. At the
receiver end of the line, the 1000 Hz call tone is detected on P4LA, which operates the buzzer on O4LC via
its I/P C17.
Using the isolating amplifier in the service telephone receiver circuit and the Microtel, it is possible to quickly
check the general condition of VFT channels and test tones acoustically without instruments. The
corresponding signal is injected at the sockets marked AUDIO on the frontplate.
5 - 24
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5 - 25
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Service telephone:
The standard unit makes provision for inserting a four-wire Microtel Type Q8AA into the frontplate (4-pin
socket marked MICROTEL). The 1000 Hz call tone is transmitted when the CALL button is pressed. At the
receiver end of the line, the 1000 Hz call tone is detected on P4LA, which operates the buzzer on O4LB via
its I/P C17.
Using the isolating amplifier in the service telephone receiver circuit and the Microtel, it is possible to quickly
check the general condition of VFT channels and test tones acoustically without instruments. The
corresponding signal is injected at the sockets marked AUDIO on the frontplate.
5 - 26
5HYN589126-TA
5.8
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Telecontrol interfaces
The principle of operation is explained with reference to the block diagram. From either INPUT 1, 2 or 3, the
AF signals go to the protection and matching I/P circuit comprising attenuation components and the I/P
transformer. The gain of the interface is adjusted by the amplifier that follows to the internal level of -10 dBr.
The gain is set on programming switches in steps of 0.25 dB. The telecontrol I/P's can be connected to either the disconnectable bus TXAF-D or the non-disconnectable bus TXAF-ND with the aid of the jumpers
TB, TD and TF, respectively TA, TC and TE.
Normally the "broadband" receiver signal RXAF-3K85 at I/P A20 comes from the AF converter P4LB and
passes via the isolating amplifier to one or more of the balanced, DC isolated telecontrol O/P's OUTPUT 1,
2 and 3, depending on the positions of the jumpers RA, RD and RG. Their output levels are set individually
on the O/P amplifiers. Where the optional hybrid (3.6 kHz low-pass filter) on P4LB is being used and the
appropriate settings have been made, the receiver signal RXAF-3K6 is taken from I/P A18. When the entire
AF band is being repeated (transit mode), the standard 3780 Hz pilot is suppressed.
The analogue switches in the telecontrol O/P's enable the O/P's to be blocked by the receiver alarm signal.
In the cases of OUTPUT 1 and 2, muting is determined by the SLOW MUTE signal from P4LA. OUTPUT 3
can be muted either by SLOW MUTE or FAST MUTE (BURST SNR), depending on whether the jumper is
in position RM or RL.
Fail-safe, ESD protected test sockets are provided on the frontplate for setting the gain and checking the
transmitter telecontrol signals. All telecontrol I/O/P's are equipped with plug-in jumpers for measurement
and isolating purposes.
The programmable transit filter E1LA (option) mounted on the sub-module is normally used in the receiver
circuit (jumpers TG and RI and any combination of RC, RF and RK). Alternatively, the filter can be connected in I/P INPUT 2 of the transmitter circuit with the aid of jumpers TI and TH. The digital transit filter
has a WARNING alarm O/P, which is energised in the event of software failures, for which the filter can
still operate, and also when the unit has been incorrectly set. A COMMON ALARM is generated for soft and
hardware faults, which impair the correct operation of the filter. Alarms of this kind are signalled by the LED
"FAIL". Both general alarms and low priority alarms go to the unit P4LA for evaluation. A green LED on the
frontplate of O4LA shows that the unit is intact and operating normally.
5 - 27
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Fig. 5.4
5 - 28
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The basic operating principle of the digital transit filter is explained with reference to the block diagram of
Fig. 5.5. The analogue signal at I/P 8/9 passes via the I/P amplifier and anti-aliasing filter to the sample and
hold block, where it is sampled at a rate of 11.62 kHz. The O/P signal from this block then proceeds to the
12 Bit A/D converter and then to the signal processor, which filters it in accordance with the filter program
stored in the EPROM. The output of the filter for the various samples is converted back to an analogue signal by the D/A converter. The level of the analogue signal is then adjusted and the signal smoothed before
its O/P impedance is appropriately matched by an emitter follower and it made available at O/P 11/12.
The clock frequencies needed for the processor, the A/D and D/A converters and the supervision facilities
are generated on the unit itself by a quartz oscillator and frequency divider.
All the software is stored in the EPROM (filter routines and coefficients and test routines).
The filter characteristic and functions are selected using rotary switches A, B, C and D. The memory
address of the filter selected is applied to the I/P port via "latches". The corresponding set of filter
coefficients is then loaded into the RAM of the signal processor.
Fig. 5.5
5 - 29
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The O/P port is used to control the analogue switch, for external alarms and for the frontplate LED's. The
transit filter is equipped with two alarm O/P's and four alarm and status LED signals. Should a defect occur,
which does not impair the operation of the filter, a low priority alarm (WARNING) is generated and signalled
by the corresponding LED. If the filter can no longer function, it isolates itself from the bus and both
WARNING and AF COMMON alarms are generated.
High reliability is achieved by comprehensive monitoring of hard and software.
A watchdog continuously supervises the hardware and checks that the O/P port is activated for each sample. Should this not be the case, the alarms AF COMMON and WARNING are set following a delay and the
processor is reset. A processor failure is signalled by the LED marked PROCESSOR.
The selected set of filter coefficients is monitored cyclically during operation and corrected if necessary or,
where correction is not possible, signalled by the LED marked PARITY on the frontplate and remotely as a
low priority or urgent alarm. Invalid combinations of switch positions when selecting the filter characteristic
are indicated by the LED marked SWITCH.
Routines are included, which facilitate testing, commissioning and fault-finding. Three different test routines
can be selected using the same switches used for selecting the filter characteristic.
The test routine "PARITY" calculates a check sum for the entire contents of the EPROM. The LED marked
PARITY lights up and a low priority WARNING alarm is generated, should the result not agree with the
stored value.
The LOOP TEST routine loops the O/P analogue switches to the I/P. A test tone is then generated and injected into the loop. If the discrepancy exceeds a given reference value, the fact is indicated by the lighting
of the LED marked LOOP.
A programmable synthesizer is accessed by the test routine "SYNTH", which generates all the signals required during commissioning and obviates the need of an external signal generator.
5.9
NSK 5 operation
Provision is made for directly inserting the programmable modem NSK 5 into the channel rack P7LB in the
same way as the other AF interfaces. Since a separate equipment rack and auxiliary supply can be
avoided, this is a cheap method of setting up a telecontrol system. The space available for the NSK 5
modem depends on the ETL version in use (see Section 7 "Alternative versions"). If the ETL is equipped
with the redundant auxiliary supply unit B4LB, but does not have an NSD 50, up to five NSK 5's can be
accommodated (module Type G4AE) in the channel rack P7LB. Only four NSK 5 modems, however, can
be fitted in the case of the single auxiliary supply unit B4LA.
The modems are supplied from the internal 12.8 V. The transmitter AF signals are connected to the
disconnectable bus TXAF-D. The receiver AF signal is taken from the broadband bus RXAF-3K85. A
COMMON ALARM generated by the NSK 5 is connected to the ETL alarm bus and thus to the P4LA,
where it activates the corresponding signals. When operating in conjunction with ETL, access to the serial
interface of NSK 5 is achieved by inserting a standard V9LA interface cable into the connector at the rear.
The modem can also be accessed for testing and measurement purposed via the 25 pin Sub-D connector
on the front.
5 - 30
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The interconnections between the NSK 5 modem G4AE and ETL can be seen from Fig. 5.6.
Fig. 5.6
The main features of the G4AE modem, which is designed for use with the ETL, are given below. More detailed information can be obtained from the Operating instructions NSK 5, 5HYN589143-TA.
- The G4AE is a fully programmable VFT channel with DIL switch settings for baud rate,
transmitter and receiver frequencies and gain.
5 - 31
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
- All channels and baud rates conforming to CCITT R.35, R.37, R.38A and R.38B can be
programmed. In order to make the best use of the available AF bandwidth, the 100 and
200 Bd channels can be set in steps of 120 Hz. The 480 Hz wide 200 Bd channels can
also be operated 1.5 times faster at 300 Bd.
The following additional operating modes are possible in conjunction with the ETL:
- max. three 600 Bd channels.
The channel centre frequencies of 1320 Hz and 2760 Hz used on the NSK 4 can also be
set.
- a 1200 Bd channel above the 2000 Hz speech channel or combined with other data channels at lower frequencies.
- a 1200 Bd channel according to CCITT V.23
- a 2400 Bd channel
Frequency bands assigned to pilot channels cannot be used for data transmission. The hatched frequency
ranges may be used by channels of correspondingly lower baud rates. The permissible allocation of
channels is shown in Fig. 2.1.
- All the functions are included on a single PCB (6U/220 mm, width 6R, see Fig. 5.7 for front
view).
- The modem can operate together with the former VFT channels NSK 3, NSK 4, NSK 23
and NSK 35.
- The unit includes a sychronising facility and a data regenerator for reducing isochronous
distortion, as also a delay distortion equalizer for operation at 2400 Bd.
- serial data interface conforming to CCITT V.24, V.28, V.10 with access from the front for
test purposes.
- The modem is DC isolated from the ETL equipment.
- The unit fulfils the EMC requirements stipulated by the telephone companies, DBP and
IEC.
The following testing and measuring facilities are included:
- local loop test initiated by a test button on the frontplate or by the data terminal equipment
applying the corresponding control signal to the serial interface.
- transmission test for checking the bit failure rate of the entire channel initiated by a test
switch on the frontplate.
There are LED signals for the most important I/O signals on the frontplate.
5 - 32
5HYN589126-TA
Fig. 5.7
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5 - 33
5HYN589126-TA
5.10
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The teleprotection device NSD 50 is only used in conjunction with the PLC equipment Type ETL. It comprises a maximum of three plug-in units, which are inserted at the locations reserved for them in the PLC
equipment rack (see Fig. 5.8).
The smallest NSD 50 has two plug-in units and can transmit two independent tripping signals, which are
sufficient in most cases to protect a transmission line. The system can be expanded to handle four tripping
signals by simply inserting an additional relay interface. Totally, there are then two permissive and two
direct transfer tripping signals available, the latter having priority. Equipped with the maximum of four
tripping signals per PLC link, two PLC links, for example, are able to accommodate first and second main
protections for a double circuit line.
The normal arrangement is for the NSD 50 to use the ETL pilot together with the ETL instead of having one
of its own. The pilot is continuously monitored at the receiver end and alarm given in the case of inadequate
signal quality (SNR or strength).
In the event of a fault on the protected line, the NSD 50 interrupts the pilot and transmits a tripping signal in
the PLC speech band. The interruption of the speech signals and the superimposed interruptible data channels and the boosting of the power to the maximum available are controlled by appropriate signals from the
NSD 50 to the P4LB unit in the ETL equipment.
When an NSD 50 receiver detects that the pilot has disappeared and a correct tripping signal of sufficient
quality is being received instead, the tripping signal is relayed to the corresponding O/P. If pilot and tripping
signals are either both being received, or are both missing at the same time, an alarm is given and, in the
latter case, the unblocking O/P contacts close for 200 ms.
A number of speech band frequencies are provided for the various tripping signals and combinations of
tripping signals. Depending on the particular protection scheme (permissive or direct transfer tripping), the
frequencies are used or allocated differently (see Operating instructions 5HYN589142-TA).
By using the ETL pilot signal as the guard signal for the NSD 50 and transmitting tripping signals via the
speech channel, the NSD 50 does not need any additional PLC bandwidth.
5 - 34
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Frontplate signals:
"AL"
"RDY"
"TRP"
"GRD"
"SNR"
"LEV"
Fig. 5.8
5 - 35
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Interface between the teleprotection device NSD 50 and the ETL PLC equipment
All the connections needed to transfer signals between NSD 50 and the ETL are established by the buses
ETL-BUS1 and ETL-BUS2 on the back plane of the equipment rack. No other leads or cables between the
two are required (see block diagrams 5HYN589136-CA for the converter section of channel 1 in Appendix
A2 and 5HYN589139-CA for the back plane PCB of the channel rack P7LB in Appendix A3).
The interconnections between ETL and NSD 50 can be seen from Fig. 5.9.
Fig. 5.9
To transmit a tripping signal, the NSD 50 emits a signal via the uninterruptible connection TX-AF to I/P C11
of P4LB.
A number of signals from the teleprotection device NSD 50 control the status of the BOOST LOGIC block
on P4LB, which accordingly issues the interrupt and PLC boost instructions. These briefly interrupt the
speech channels, pilot and those data channels, which are programmed as interruptible. The power of a
tripping signal is then boosted to the maximum transmitter power available.
5 - 36
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The signals TX SPEECH OFF, PILOT SWITCH and BOOST generated by NSD 50, which are applied at
the appropriate logic level to I/P's C9, A10 and C10 of the BOOST LOGIC block result in the following:
TX SPEECH OFF:
TX PILOT SWITCH:
BOOST:
The BOOST LOGIC also takes into account the signal TXB, which is emitted by the unit P4LA following initialisation of the remote loop mode and applied to I/P A7. Apart from the NSD 50 and pilot signals, it
interrupts the transmission of all the AF signals and also blocks the auxiliary AF receiver O/P AUX. AF
OUTPUT.
Remote loop operation is interrupted as soon as a teleprotection signal is generated.
At the remote station, the broadband signal received is conveyed to NSD 50 from the ETL via O/P C20 on
P4LB by the interface connection "RX PILOT". Providing NSD 50 finds the signal to be a genuine tripping
signal (no pilot and correct tripping signal tone in the speech band), the speech signals on units O4LB/C/D
of the remote receiver are interrupted by the signal "Rx SPEECH OFF" and the AGC in the ETL is inhibited
on the unit P4LA by the signal "AGC BLOCKING". Blocking the AGC prevents the receiver gain from being
raised as soon as the pilot disappears in readiness for receiving a tripping signal.
In the case of a failure in the NSD 50, a "COMMON ALARM" is passed to the ETL via the correspondingly
labelled connection.
5 - 37
5HYN589126-TA
5.11
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
AF bus design
The internal communication between the various AF interfaces O4LA/B/C/D, NSK 5 (options) and the basic
ETL units P4LA and P4LB takes place via the AF buses ETL-BUS1 and ETL-BUS2. The same buses also
conduct the signals between the NSD 50 processor G4AA and the ETL. The NSD 50 processor module
communicates with the teleprotection unit interfaces via two independent buses NSD50-BUS1 and NSD50BUS2 on the back plane PCB (see block diagram 5HYN589139-CA for the back plane PCB of the channel
rack P7LB).
The general design of the AF bus and the most important signals are shown in Fig. 5.10. Basically, any
combination of up to five AF units can be accommodated in the P7LB equipment rack. This number is
reduced to four or three when using the teleprotection device NSD 50.
Fig. 5.10
5.12
AF bus layout
The basic ETL can be equipped for two-channel operation by adding a rack Type P7LB with the corresponding ancillary units. The AF functions, the conversion to the first IF and the supervision functions of
channel 2 are identical to those of channel 1 (see description of the carrier frequency section P4LB in Section 5.2 and Sections 5.5 to 5.11). The modulation scheme for two-channel operation is described in
Section 5.1.
The equipment racks for two-channel operation differ from those for one-channel operation in the following
points:
Channel 1:
(see block diagram, 5HYN589136-CA, Appendix A.2)
- The channel 1 RX RF converter P4LD is replaced by the channel 2 RX RF converter P4LE.
- The remaining units are identical to one-channel operation.
Channel 2:
(see block diagram, 5HYN589135-CA, Appendix A.2)
- The TX RF converter P4LF and the RX RF converter P4LD are replaced by the channel link V9LK.
- The frequency synthesizer P4LG is replaced by the synthesizer P4LI.
5 - 38
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
- The IF converter P4LC uses the 636 kHz and 156 kHz carriers from P4LI, which are shifted by 4 kHz.
- The remaining units are identical to one-channel operation.
The following Sections only deal with two-channel units and functions, which are needed in addition to
those for one-channel operation.
IF converter P4LC
The function and purpose of this unit in the channel 2 rack is the same as in one-channel operation (see
description in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2). Only the carrier frequency used for obtaining the transmitter and
receiver IF's are different (see modulation scheme in Fig. 5.1).
The carrier (local oscillator) frequency of 636 kHz required for modulation by the two-channel transmitter is
obtained by dividing the double frequency signal of 1272 kHz from P4LI, which is available at I/P A9/C9.
This frequency is selected automatically for two-channel operation by the signal IF2 SELECT applied to I/P
C6.
Similarly, the carrier (local oscillator) frequency of 156 kHz required for demodulation by the two-channel
receiver is obtained by dividing the double frequency signal of 312 kHz from P4LI, which is available at I/P's
A15/C15. This frequency is selected automatically for two-channel operation by the signal IF2 SELECT applied to I/P C6.
Channel link V9LK
The channel link V9LK is inserted in the channel 2 rack in place of the units P4LF and P4LD and fulfils the
following functions:
- connection of the transmitter signal TXIF2 by the coaxial cable V9LG from the IF converter P4LC to the
common RF converter P4LF in the channel 1 rack.
- connection of the receiver signal RXIF2 by the coaxial cable V9LG from the common RF receiver converter P4LE in the channel 1 rack to the IF converter P4LC.
- connection of the double carrier frequencies 1272 kHz and 312 kHz from the unit P4LI to the IF converter
P4LC.
- setting of the switchover signal IF2 SELECT for automatically selecting the carrier frequencies on IF converter P4LC needed for two-channel operation.
- connection of the PLUG-OUT1 supervision signal in two-channel operation.
5 - 39
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The signals PLUG-OUT1 (none of the basic channel 1 to 4 units or the common hybrid missing) and
PLUG-OUT22 (none of the basic units common to channels 1 and 2, respectively channels 2 and 3
missing) are connected to an OR gate via I/P's C8 and C10. The signal at the O/P of the OR gate goes to
the pilot and supervision unit P4LA via O/P A8 of P4LI (see Fig. 2.2).
This enables the following cases in multi-channel operation to be detected:
- missing hybrid P3LA:
- missing P4LB or P4LC unit:
- missing P4LD/E/F/G unit in channel 1 or 3:
- missing channel link V9LK or P4LI in channel 2 or 4:
5.13
ETL can be equipped for three or four-channel operation by adding further racks Type P7LB with the corresponding ancillary units.
The AF functions, the conversion to the first IF and the supervision functions are identical in all channels
(see description of the carrier frequency section P4LB in Section 5.2 and Sections 5.5 to 5.11).
The arrangement of the functions in the channel 3 rack corresponds to that of channel 1 (see block
diagram of the channel 1 carrier frequency section, 5HYN589136-CA).
5 - 40
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
The arrangement of the functions in the channel 4 rack corresponds to that of channel 2 (see block
diagram of the channel 2 carrier frequency section, 5HYN589135-CA).
By laying channel 2 (4) block diagram 5HYN589135-CA on top of the channel 1 (3) block diagram
5HYN589136-CA, it is easy to see the complete layout for three and four-channel operation.
The modulation scheme for three and four-channel operation is described in Section 5.1.
The equipment racks for three and four-channel operation differ from those for one-channel operation in
the following points:
Channel 3:
- Identical units fitted for three-channel operation as for channel 1. The channel 1 RX RF converter P4LD
is replaced by the channel 2 RX RF converter P4LE in four-channel operation.
- The remaining units are identical to one-channel operation.
Channel 4:
- The TX RF converter P4LF and the RX RF converter P4LD are replaced by the channel link V9LK.
- The frequency synthesizer P4LG is replaced by the synthesizer P4LI.
- The IF converter P4LC uses the 636 kHz and 156 kHz carriers from P4LI, which are shifted by 4 kHz.
- The remaining units are identical to one-channel operation.
5 - 41
5HYN589126-TA
5.14
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
Auxiliary supply
110/230V AC
+10/-15 %
45 to 65 Hz
Station battery
48 V DC
+20/-15 %
Ripple
<5 % pp
In all cases, the auxiliary supply units used provide DC isolation of the PLC equipment from the supply
source. The channel racks are supplied by individual DC/DC converters. The power amplifier is DC isolated
from the rest of the circuits by transformers with a high I/P and O/P voltage withstand capability.
The supply system comprises 2 units:
- a power supply unit B5LA (48 V DC station battery supply) or B5LC (secure AC supply) installed in
equipment rack P7LA
- a DC/DC converter B4LA (single supply) or B4LB (double supply unit) for the supply of and installed in
the P7LB channel racks.
The alternative versions of power supply units and DC/DC converters used are listed in Table 2.10.
The power supply unit B5LA/C is connected via the back plane PCB NA, the correspondingly marked
Faston connectors on the side plate of the rack and the cubicle cabling to the supply source. The power
amplifier P1LA is supplied directly with unstabilised DC via O/P B20/B23. The DC/DC converter B4LA/B in
the channel rack P7LB is supplied from the B5LA/C via a second O/P B26/B29, the back plane PCB NA
and the connecting cable V9LL.
Each channel rack is normally equipped with its own DC/DC converter B4LA. Where a channel 2 rack only
has two AF options O4LA, including E1LA and O4LB/C, it may be supplied in parallel from channel 1's
B4LA DC/DC converter. The same applies to supplying channel 4 in parallel from the DC/DC converter in
the channel 3 rack. Where five NSK 5 modems are installed in a rack, a B4LB must be fitted in order to
supply the load. The stabilised secondary voltages of 12.8 V and +5 V are connected via diodes and O/P's
Z24, D22 and D26 to the back plane auxiliary supply busbars. The busbar voltages are monitored by the
pilot and supervision unit P4LA. In the case of the DC/DC converter B4LB (double supply unit), the failure of
just one supply module causes a WARNING signal to be sent to the supervision unit.
Each of the power supply units B5LA/C has the following:
- a stand-by signal on the frontplate (green LED) showing that the unit is serviceable
- fail-safe test sockets on the frontplate for checking the unstabilised secondary DC voltage
5 - 42
5HYN589126-TA
Principle of operation
ETL41/42/43/44
5 - 43
5HYN589126-TA
PART II
Operating modes
ETL41/42/43/44
6.
OPERATING MODES
6.1
The ETL series of PLC equipment was designed from the outset for multi-purpose operation. This mode
enables the best possible use to be made of the bandwidth available for the communication of speech, data
and teleprotection signals. A typical allocation of frequencies in the AF channel can be seen from Fig. 2.1.
In conjunction with the AF interfaces described in Sections 2 and 5, the teleprotection device NSD 50 and
the data modem NSK 5, an optimum solution can be found for every application. The AF bus in the channel
rack P7LB provides great flexibility when it comes to configuring user interfaces (AF options). Any
combination of as many as five AF ancillary units can be accommodated in the P7LB. This maximum
number reduces to four, respectively three when the ETL is equipped with a teleprotection device NSD 50
(see Appendix A.1).
The AF channel can be used for the following services and applications:
Speech communication:
-
AF option O4LB
AF option O4LC
AF option O4LD/O4LB
AF option O4LD/O4LD
Since all the speech interfaces can be programmed for different bandwidths, the transfer of data via the
speech interfaces using dial-up modems is possible (CCITT V.27, V.29, e.g. for telefax).
Data communication:
- signals from external AF modems and VFT channels using telecontrol interface O4LA
- data transmission via the serial interface of an incorporated NSK 5 modem
- selective relaying of data channels using the transit filter E1LA (option on O4LA)
Teleprotection signalling:
- built-in teleprotection device NSD 50:
Smallest version:
transmission of 2 independent tripping signals with provision for expansion to 4
tripping signals, of which 2 permissive and 2 direct.
- provision for connecting external teleprotection devices (e.g. NSD 70 or NSD 61) via the boostable interface AUX. AF INPUT/OUTPUT on P4LB.
6-1
5HYN589126-TA
Operating modes
ETL41/42/43/44
Repeater operation:
The interface AUX. AF INPUT/OUTPUT on P4LB is also used for relaying the entire AF band through intermediate stations. This can be done either in a broadband range up to 3850 Hz or limited to 3600 Hz with
suppression of the pilot signal by means of a plug-in hybrid filter (option). In such cases, the dialling signal
is relayed via the signalling interfaces AUX. SIGNALLING.
6.2
Single-purpose mode
ETL equipment is also suitable without any changes for just any one of the multi-purpose services mentioned above, e.g. for transferring just teleprotection signals.
6.3
Multi-channel mode
The majority of PLC equipment is applied for one and two-channel operation. The use of three or fourchannel units on EHV transmission lines can generally be excluded.
To ensure that the quality of the transmission is adequate in view of the SNR and the limited transmission
power, it is essential for the scheme to be carefully studied before deciding on a three or a four-channel
scheme. Problems may also be encountered in some cases in making a frequency band of 12 or 16 kHz
available together with the required gaps in each direction.
Multi-channel operation is basically possible in the following cases:
at power system voltages < 220 kV
when transmitting via insulated ground wires
when transmitting via cables (e.g. in addition to existing ETM12 links via coaxial ground wire cables).
6-2
5HYN589126-TA
7.
Alternative versions
ETL41/42/43/44
ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS
The different versions of ETL equipment vary in the types of units used, the programming and the settings
on the units.
The units fitted in the equipment rack P7LA and the basic units in the channel rack P7LB have fixed locations. This also applies to the units of the teleprotection device NSD 50 and the auxiliary supply unit in the
channel rack. The AF options, however, can occupy different locations in a rack.
Diagrams showing the locations of the units for:
- one-channel versions
- two-channel versions
- three and four-channel versions
are to be found in Appendix A.1.
7-1
5HYN589126-TA
8.
ETL41/42/43/44
The setting, programming and tuning instructions for all the alternative versions and units bearing an influence on frequency are given in supplementary document, which includes the following lower level
documents:
- Alternative programming
5HYN589096-TA
8-1
P4LG
5HYN589097-TA
5HYN589126-TA
9.
9.1
Basic terms
Absolute power level L
ETL41/42/43/44
[dBm]
The absolute power level L defines by how many dB a signal strength Px is greater or less than the
reference power P0 = 1 mW:
L = 10 log
Px
-----1 mW
[dBm]
Ux
------775 mV
[dBu]
600 Ohm
-------Z [Ohm]
Example: The power level at the 75 Ohm RF O/P of a PLC equipment is given as 40 dBm. What is the voltage level Lu?
9-1
5HYN589126-TA
Lu = 40 dBm - 10 log
ETL41/42/43/44
600 Ohm
-------- = 31 dBu
75 Ohm
Modern power measuring instruments permit the reference impedance to be set and the level referred to
600 Ohm can be directly read from them.
[dBr]
The relative level Lrel is used, in order to define the performance of a communications system regardless
of channel loading.
The dBr value defines the magnitude of the difference in level with respect to the (virtual) reference
point (0dBr).
Previously the two-wire I/P was taken as the reference point in telephony systems, which corresponds to
the I/P of the AF hybrid in a PLC system. As with the dBm value, the relative system level (dBr) is
equivalent to a power level.
9-2
5HYN589126-TA
9.2
ETL41/42/43/44
The channels of a multi-purpose PLC equipment usually transmit different kinds of signals. When designing
a PLC system, the noise occurring along the HV transmission line (corona) has to be added to the powers
of the useful signals.
In the case of white noise, the power of the noise is proportional to bandwidth.
A 50 Bd VFT channel has a noise bandwidth of about 80 Hz. Compared with a 300 Hz-2400 Hz speech
channel, the noise power level on a 50 Bd channel is thus about 14 dB lower. Correspondingly, to maintain
the same SNR, the signal level of the 50 Bd channel may be chosen 14 dB lower than the nominal speech
level.
Therefore by choosing signal powers proportional to the noise bandwidths, all the channels have the same
SNR, i.e. the same reach.
Table 9.1 lists the signal levels [dBm0], their associated weightings and the absolute voltage levels [dBu] as
measured at the -10 dBr test sockets TXAF for the speech and VFT channels.
AF signals
Signal levels
dBm0
Absolute
voltage levels at
the test sockets TXAF
(-10 dBr)
Weighting
dBu
1.0
-10
+3
1.41
-7
-14
-11
-8
-3
0
-3
0
0.2
0.28
0.4
0.71
1
0.71
1.0
-24
-21
-18
-13
-10
-13
-10
+10.8
3.48
+0.8
Pilot tone
-6
0.5
-16
Table 9.1
9-3
5HYN589126-TA
9.3
ETL41/42/43/44
The transmitter level setting resulting from the allocation of channel powers is determined by simply adding
the voltage weightings of the individual channels given in Table 9.1. This value is then set on the programming switch S1 on the RF converter P4LF.
The signal levels required for calculation, setting and testing are defined below.
POWER T [dBm]:
T(RF) [dBu]:
test tone level at the test sockets RF LINE on P3LA. 0 dBu corresponds to 10 W
S(W1):
S(W2):
S:
setting on P4LF
9-4
5HYN589126-TA
2)
ETL41/42/43/44
Setting on P4LF: S
S = S(W) - 0.5
3)
where:
LPEP(dBm):
Note: The RF test tone level POWER T applies to channel 1 and channel 2.
4)
[dBu]
The levels POWER T and T (RF) do not have to be calculated, since they can be read against the
calculated S(W) value from Table 9.2.
Example ETL 41
Allocation: speech + 600 Bd
1)
2)
Setting on P4LF: S
S = S(W) - 0.5
S = 2.6 - 0.5 = 2.1
Setting on P4LF: S = 2.1
9-5
5HYN589126-TA
3)
ETL41/42/43/44
4)
[dBu]
Example ETL 41
Allocation: NSK 5 2400 Bd
1)
2)
Setting on P4LF:S
S = 2.4 - 0.5 = 1.9
3)
4)
9-6
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
Example ETL 42
Channel 1 allocation: speech + VFT 600 Baud
Channel 2 allocation: VFT channel 1200 Baud, V.23
1)
2)
3.6
4)
2.62
1.50
4.12
Setting on P4LF: S
S = 4.1 - 0.5
3)
=
=
32.7 dBm
9-7
-7.3 dBu
5HYN589126-TA
9.4
ETL41/42/43/44
The procedure for determining the channel 3 and 4 level settings is basically the same as described in Section 9.3. The following, however, must be observed to ensure that the same test tone level results, even if
the allocations for channels 1 and 2 (1 + 2) and for channels 3 and 4 (3 + 4) are different.
Definitions:
S(W1):
S(W2):
S(W3):
S(W4):
S(W12)=
S(W1) + S(W2)
S(W34)=
S(W3) + S(W4)
S(W max.):
S:
When
1.26[S(W12) + S(W34)]
-----------------2
then:
S(Wmax)
9-8
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
Example ETL44
Channel 1 allocation: speech + pilot
Channel 2 allocation: 1200 Bd, V.23 + pilot
S(W1)
S(W2)
S(W12)
=
=
=
1.9
1.5
3.4
S(W3)
S(W4)
S(W34)
=
=
=
2.6
2.1
4.7
1.26[S(W12) + S(W34)]
-----------------2
i.e.:
S=
(3.4 + 4.7)
--------2
- 0.5
= 4.7
= 3.55 (3.6)
S(W) = 2S + 1 = 2 * 3.6 + 1
= 8.2
= 26.7 dBm
T(RF) = 27 dBm - 40 dB
= -13.3 dBu
Example ETL 43
Channel 1 allocation: speech + pilot
Channel 2 allocation: 1200 Bd, V.23 + pilot
S(W1)
S(W2)
S(W12)
S(W3)
S(W34)
1.26[S(W12) + S(W34)]
-----------------2
i.e.:
S=
(3.4 + 2.1)
--------2
- 0.5
=
=
=
=
=
1.9
1.5
3.4
2.1
2.1
= 4.7
= 2.25 (2.3)
S(W) = 2*2.3 + 1
= 5.6
= 30.0 dBm
= -10.0 dBu
9-9
5HYN589126-TA
P4LF Ch1
P4LF Ch1
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
S(ETL44)
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
9 - 10
Power T
[dBm]
37.4
37.0
36.7
36.4
36.1
35.8
35.5
35.2
34.9
34.6
34.4
34.1
33.9
33.6
33.4
33.2
33.0
32.7
32.5
32.3
32.1
31.9
31.7
31.6
31.4
31.2
31.0
30.8
30.7
30.5
30.4
30.2
30.0
29.9
29.7
29.6
29.4
29.3
29.2
29.0
28.9
28.7
28.6
28.5
28.3
28.2
28.1
28.0
27.9
ETL41/42/43/44
T(RF)
[dBu]
-2.6
-3.0
-3.3
-3.6
-3.9
-4.2
-4.5
-4.8
-5.1
-5.4
-5.6
-5.9
-6.1
-6.4
-6.6
-6.8
-7.0
-7.3
-7.5
-7.7
-7.9
-8.1
-8.3
-8.4
-8.6
-8.8
-9.0
-9.2
-9.3
-9.5
-9.6
-9.8
-10.0
-10.1
-10.3
-10.4
-10.6
-10.7
-10.8
-11.0
-11.1
-11.3
-11.4
-11.5
-11.7
-11.8
-11.9
-12.0
-12.1
5HYN589126-TA
S(W)
S(ETL41)
S(ETL42)
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
P4LF Ch1
P4LF Ch1
S(ETL43)
S(ETL44)
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
9 - 11
Power T
[dBm]
27.7
27.6
27.5
27.4
27.3
27.2
27.0
26.9
26.8
26.7
26.6
26.5
26.4
26.3
26.2
26.1
26.0
25.9
25.8
25.7
25.6
25.5
25.4
25.4
25.3
25.2
25.1
25.0
24.9
24.8
24.7
24.7
24.6
24.5
24.4
24.3
24.3
24.2
24.1
24.0
23.9
23.9
23.8
23.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
23.4
23.3
23.3
23.2
ETL41/42/43/44
T(RF)
[dBu]
-12.3
-12.4
-12.5
-12.6
-12.7
-12.8
-13.0
-13.1
-13.2
-13.3
-13.4
-13.5
-13.6
-13.7
-13.8
-13.9
-14.0
-14.1
-14.2
-14.3
-14.4
-14.5
-14.6
-14.6
-14.7
-14.8
-14.9
-15.0
-15.1
-15.2
-15.3
-15.3
-15.4
-15.5
-15.6
-15.7
-15.7
-15.8
-15.9
-16.0
-16.1
-16.1
-16.2
-16.3
-16.4
-16.4
-16.5
-16.6
-16.7
-16.7
-16.8
5HYN589126-TA
S(W)
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.2
Table 9.2
S(ETL41)
P4LF Ch1
S(ETL42)
P4LF Ch1
S(ETL43)
S(ETL44)
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.1
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.1
Power T
[dBm]
23.1
23.1
23.0
22.9
22.9
22.8
22.7
22.7
22.6
22.5
22.5
22.4
22.3
22.3
22.2
22.1
22.1
22.0
22.0
21.9
21.8
21.8
21.7
21.7
21.6
21.5
21.5
21.4
21.4
21.3
21.2
21.2
21.1
21.1
21.0
21.0
20.9
20.9
20.8
20.8
20.7
20.7
20.6
20.5
20.5
20.4
20.4
20.3
20.3
ETL41/42/43/44
T(RF)
[dBu]
-16.9
-16.9
-17.0
-17.1
-17.1
-17.2
-17.3
-17.3
-17.4
-17.5
-17.5
-17.6
-17.7
-17.7
-17.8
-17.9
-17.9
-18.0
-18.0
-18.1
-18.2
-18.2
-18.3
-18.3
-18.4
-18.5
-18.5
-18.6
-18.6
-18.7
-18.8
-18.8
-18.9
-18.9
-19.0
-19.0
-19.1
-19.1
-19.2
-19.2
-19.3
-19.3
-19.4
-19.5
-19.5
-19.6
-19.6
-19.7
-19.7
5HYN589126-TA
9.5
ETL41/42/43/44
In cases where the O/P power has to be reduced, this can be achieved by programming the setting for S on
P4LF.
Definitions:
S (40 Watt):
S (X Watt):
S (X Watt) =
S (X Watt)
Examples
ETL41: speech + 600 Bd
S(W)
S(40 Watt) =
Power T
T(RF)
Reduction to 20 Watt:
S (20 Watt)=
S(W)
Power T
T(RX)
9 - 13
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
Reduction to 10 Watt:
S (10 Watt)=
S(W)
Power T
T(RX)
The modified value of S for the reduced power can be found simply from Table 9.2.
- Read the value for the power T in column 6 for normal operation PEP = 40 Watt
- Reduction of the power T by 3 dB for PEP = 20 Watt
by 6 dB for PEP = 10 Watt
- Read the modified value of S in column 2 or column 3. (Reducing power only makes sense for
ETL41/42.)
Remark: The setting ranges marked may only be used for reductions of power and not for channel loading
(see Sections 9.3 and 9.4).
9.6
Boosting NSD 50
Boosting refers to increasing the strength of tripping signals in relation to the quiescent state (i.e. the unboosted test tone level is 0 dBm0). In the case of PLC, this involves interrupting the transmission of speech
and usually also of the modem signals in the "superaudio" channel above the speech signals, so that the
full ETL transmitter power is available for transmitting the teleprotection signals. This achieves the
maximum SNR at the receiver. The ratio between the power of the boosted teleprotection signal and the
power of the test tone signal is defined as the boost ratio BR and is normally expressed in decibels.
The achievable boost ratio depends on which PLC signals may be interrupted during the transmission of
the teleprotection signals. This, however, depends on PLC channel allocation and for this reason the boost
ratio is not set on the NSD 50, but on the PLC equipment.
The NSD 50 teleprotection signal is therefore boosted on the AF converter P4LB.
The boost ratio can be set on DIL switches to one of the following values: 0 dB, 5 dB, 7 dB, 9 dB.
Other values are possible in exceptional circumstances with the aid of ENFX resistors.
9 - 14
5HYN589126-TA
Boost ratio
set on P4LB
0 dB
5 dB
7 dB
9 dB
Test tone
level
0 dBm0
0 dBm0
0 dBm0
0 dBm0
NSD 50
Teleprotection
signal level
ETL41/42/43/44
Voltage weighting
0 dBm0 + 0 dB
0 dBm0 + 5 dB
0 dBm0 + 7 dB
0 dBm0 + 9 dB
1.00
1.78
2.24
2.82
9 - 15
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
9 - 16
5HYN589126-TA
PART III
10.
Installation
ETL41/42/43/44
INSTALLATION
The installation of the equipment can only be successfully accomplished, if it is properly planned beforehand. Planning should not only take the present situation into account, future system expansion must also
be included.
10.1
ESD PROTECTION
The modules in this equipment contain CMOS devices, which can be damaged by electrostatic discharges.
Appropriate measures must be taken before unpacking modules or withdrawing them from equipment
racks. Essential precautions to prevent ESD damage when handling or working on modules are grounding
straps for technical personnel and the provision of anti-static work benches. Modules may only be shipped
either in their original packing or installed in equipment racks.
10.2
Mechanical inspection
The equipment should be checked for mechanical damage immediately upon receipt. Where damage is ascertained, the last carrier must be notified in writing as quickly as possible. For further assistance in such
matters, please consult your local ABB company or agent.
The equipment must be switched off during installation. Where the external connections have already been
made, all isolating terminals must be open.
10.3
Equipment room
The room where the equipment is installed should be relatively free of dust. Cement floors and walls should
be sealed with a suitable paint. Wherever possible, the floor should have a semi-conducting plastic coating.
The room should be well ventilated. Temperature and humidity must be in the range +10 to +45 C, respectively 30 to 70 %. Lead/acid batteries must not be in the same room.
10 - 1
5HYN589126-TA
10.4
Installation
ETL41/42/43/44
The equipment is normally supplied in the Type E35C ABB cubicle. This cubicle is fitted with a hinged
frame for mounting the equipment racks and can be erected in different ways:
- directly against a wall
- back-to-back
- side-by-side
- free-standing
A space of 2 to 3 cm should be left between cubicles mounted side-by-side, to permit a cubicle to be removed from the row without difficulty. Sufficient room must be left in front of cubicles to enable the hinged
frame to be opened without striking a wall or other obstacles. There should also be sufficient room to give
easy access for maintenance and setting up test instruments and equipment.
To allow the hinged frame to be fully opened without hindrance, avoid locating a cubicle in a corner.
Cubicles not equipped with hinged frames must be accessible from the front and from the rear. Cubicles
normally stand on a base, which facilitates cleaning the floor and the connection of cables.
CAUTION!
Cubicles, which are not secured to the floor, tip forwards when the hinged frame is opened.
10.5
External connections
ph
PE
earth connection
10 - 2
5HYN589126-TA
Installation
ETL41/42/43/44
The terminal designations for connecting signal cables are to be found in the block diagrams in Appendix
A.2. The arrangement and designations of connecting cables are given in Appendix A.4.
10 - 3
5HYN589126-TA
Commissioning
11.
COMMISSIONING
11.1
ETL41/42/43/44
It is essential that the behaviour and characteristics of the line of communication between the sets of PLC
terminal equipment be checked prior to finally commissioning. This is necessary to confirm the design criteria used for engineering the system, respectively if the criteria were inaccurate, to take the appropriate corrective action.
The line of communication comprises:
a) the coaxial cable linking the PLC equipment with coupling unit
b) the coupling unit between the remote end of the coaxial cable and the LV side of the coupling capacitor.
The coupling unit includes the main coupling filter and protective devices.
c) the line traps in the power line between the junction of the coupling capacitor with the power line and the
substation
d) the HV power line itself as propagation medium
11.1.1
Return loss
The return loss is a measure of the quality of impedance matching between the PLC transmitter and the
load (I/P impedance of the coaxial cable).
It is defined by the following equation:
Ar = 20 log
Z0
Z
Z0 + Z
------Z0 - Z
rated impedance
actual I/P impedance
A low value signifies a poor match, which results in a reduced transfer of power from the PLC transmitter
onto the transmission line. The main disadvantage, however, is the intermodulation phenomena and
associated cross-talk it causes.
The level of return loss should be measured in the equipment room at the coaxial cable I/P. The
instruments used and the test set-up can be seen from Figures 11.1 and 11.2. A typical return loss
characteristic is shown in Fig. 11.3. In the case of short lines (line attenuation < 15 dB), the remote end
must be terminated at rated impedance.
11-1
5HYN589126-TA
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
The measurement of the return loss over the total bandwidth of the coupling filter and the PLC blocking filters is recommended. Wherever possible, the measurements should be carried out twice under the
following conditions:
- HV transmission line grounded behind the blocking filter
- HV transmission line open behind the blocking filter
If the minimum return loss is in the range 6 to 12 dB, the value of the I/P impedance should also be measured. In cases where the magnitude of the system impedance is too low or too high, an improvement can
be achieved by changing the rated impedance of the RF hybrid P3LA (jumper positions 75 or 125 Ohm).
Where this is not possible, the O/P power must be reduced in accordance with the following relationship to
avoid non-linear distortion:
A(dB)=1/4 [12- Armin]
Minimum values of return loss < 6 dB indicate either a defective coupling or PLC blocking filter, or an inacceptable property of the transmission line.
In such instances, the coupling equipment at both ends of the line must be checked using a dummy load as
follows:
- Carefully ground the LV end of the coupling capacitor.
- Interrupt the connection between the coupling filter and the coupling capacitor and terminate with a
dummy load as shown in Fig. 11.5 or 11.6.
- Measure the return loss of the coupling filter within the rated frequency band.
The instruments and test set-up are shown in Fig. 11.1 and a typical return loss characteristic for a
bandpass coupling filter in Fig. 11.4.
Appreciable discrepancies between the measured results and the nominal characteristic point to defective
components and the filters must be checked individually.
11 - 2
5HYN589126-TA
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
Fig. 11.1
Fig. 11.2
11-3
5HYN589126-TA
Commissioning
Fig. 11.3
Fig. 11.4
11 - 4
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
Commissioning
Fig. 11.5
Fig. 11.6
11-5
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
11.1.2
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
Line attenuation
The line attenuation should also be measured over the whole frequency range of the coupling filter and of
the line traps. If possible these measurements should be carried out with the transmission line grounded
behind the line traps. The test circuit is shown in Figures 11.7 and 11.8.
Unexpectedly high attenuation or fluctuations of attenuation of several dB's within just a few kHz would indicate a defective line trap or extremely unusual characteristics of the line itself. It is essential that the cause
be found and corrected before the PLC equipment is finally commissioned.
Fig. 11.7
11 - 6
5HYN589126-TA
Fig. 11.8
11.2
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
Commissioning of the PLC equipment can commence once the measurements of the line of transmission
have produced satisfactory results. The following items should be checked before switching on the auxiliary
supply. Any discrepancies and anomalies must be rectified without delay.
11.2.1
11-7
5HYN589126-TA
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
e) Check that all the units according to the specific layout diagram for the plant are fitted and in the correct
locations.
f) Check that all programming and settings in the units and on the back plane PCB's are in accordance with
the specific setting tables for the plant.
11.2.2
The equipment was carefully tested and calibrated according to 5HYN600485 prior to delivery and therefore
all the internal signal levels will already be at their correct values. Thus only those settings need to be
carried out, which are influenced by the practical operating conditions on site, i.e.:
- correction of the transmitter level according to 11.1.1, if necessary
- setting the gain control on the receiver potentiometer on P3LA to its rated operating point (reading 26 1
on P4LA)
- frequency distortion equalization on P4LB, if necessary
Basic equipment:
Electronica level oscillator (200Hz-620kHz) Type ET71A
Electronica selective level meter (50Hz-620kHz) Type ET71V
Scientific dual channel oscilloscope 25MHz HM203
DMM multimeter Fluke 75 Series II
frequency counter Philips 120MHz PM6669
AC millivoltmeter Hewlett Packard 3400B
Options:
dummy load P3LK
PCB extender 6U/220
11 - 8
5HYN589126-TA
11.2.3
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
The dummy load is an important aid for commissioning and fault-finding. By inserting the dummy load P3LK
in place of the RF hybrid P3LA, the transmitter no longer operates into the coaxial cable going to the transmission line, but into its rated load. This local loop facilitates complete testing of the transmitter and
receiver. The act of inserting the unit automatically switches the equipment to the LOOP CONTROL mode.
In the loop control mode, transmitter and receiver converters supply the correct RF carriers to the dummy
load's frequency converters and the transmitter signal is attenuated and switched to the receiver frequency
band.
The AGC function can be tested using the pushbuttons S2 and S3. The unit can be set to 1/2 or 3/4channel operation to suit the different impedances of the TX filter. As with the RF hybrid, the dummy load
processes and signals any TX alarms.
11.2.4
This is one of the most valuable commissioning and fault-finding aids on site. It enables the AF frequency/amplitude characteristic of a PLC channel to be measured and the distortion equalizer in the receiver to be adjusted from one end of the line.
In the remote loop mode, an AF test signal injected at the local PLC equipment is detected by a PLL circuit
(tracking filter) in the receiver of the remote equipment and looped to its transmitter at the correct level to
be returned to the local equipment. The REMOTE LOOP TEST is initiated, held and started by a
microprocessor on P4LA. The procedure for the REMOTE LOOP TEST is described in Section 5.5.2 and in
the commissioning instructions 5HYN589145-TA (in the supplementary document 5HYN589144-TA).
11.2.5
Equalizing AF channel distortion on ETL equipment is greatly simplified by the remote loop test (see
Section 11.2.4). The measurement of the frequency/amplitude characteristic and adjustment of the distortion equalizer in the receiver can be accomplished from one end of the line.
The adjustment for frequency/amplitude characteristic equalization is located on the AF converter P4LB at
the first IF level IF1 (16-20 kHz). Fluctuations of 6 dB with respect to the reference level at 800 Hz can be
compensated in a frequency band of 300 Hz to 3600 Hz.
The equalizer on the AF converter P4LB can be switched in and out of circuit by a plug-in jumper on the
frontplate. Its characteristic is set using the DIL switches S2 and S3 to appropriately compensate the measured frequency/amplitude characteristic. Either a bandpass or a band stop characteristic can be selected
with the aid of jumpers RA, RB, RC and RD. The procedure for setting the equalizer is explained in
5HYN589146-TA "Instructions for setting the frequency/amplitude characteristic equalizer P4LB".
11-9
5HYN589126-TA
11.3
Commissioning
ETL41/42/43/44
Should a change of frequency become necessary, because of PLC system expansion or changed
operating conditions, it can be carried out quite simply on site. A change of frequency requires resetting or
tuning of :
- synthesizer
P4LG
- TX RF filter
E5LA/B
- RX RF filter
P4LD/E
11 - 10
5HYN589126-TA
12.
Operation
ETL41/42/43/44
OPERATION
The operating status of the equipment can be ascertained from the LED signals on the frontplate of the pilot
and supervision unit P4LA.
In normal fault-free operation, only the green stand-by LED's on the auxiliary supply units and the LED
marked SUP on P4LA are lit. The remaining AGC range can be read from the seven-segment LED.
Any alarm situations are signalled by corresponding red LED's. The double LED can be changed to
showing a fault code in the event of an alarm by briefly pressing the test tone button. Further information on
the possible cause of the difficulty can then be obtained under the fault code from Table 2.8.
12-1
5HYN589126-TA
13.
Maintenance
ETL41/42/43/44
MAINTENANCE
All the modules are subjected to a burn-in test following manufacture and before comprehensive final functional testing. The complete PLC equipment is then calibrated and tested as a unit before leaving the
works.
The most important functions, which are critical for the operating characteristics of the equipment, are performed digitally by the digital signal processor (DSP) on the pilot and supervision unit P4LA.
The stability of these settings and thus also of the equipment as a whole is assured over a long period of
time.
Nevertheless, testing at periodic intervals is recommended. The frequency of testing depends very much
on the operating conditions in the particular installation, but should not be less than once every two years.
The following periodic measurements are recommended:
- stabilised DC auxiliary supply voltages
- selected AF and RF levels (e.g. pilot)
- AGC operating level (gives indication of fluctuating line attenuation)
It is important that the reasons for readings, which diverge widely from values recorded during commissioning, be found, even if this means checking the entire equipment.
Checking and testing should only be carried out by correspondingly qualified and authorised personnel using suitable instruments. Incorrect settings can impair the proper operation of the equipment.
13 - 1
5HYN589126-TA
PART IV
A.1
Alternative versions
ETL41/42/43/44
APPENDICES
ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS
ETL41
ETL42
ETL43
ETL44
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
5HYN589127-AA
5HYN589246-AA
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
5HYN589128-AA
5HYN589247-AA
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
5HYN589129-AA
5HYN589248-AA
Front view
Rear view
Module arrangement
Mechanical dimensions
Cabinet layout
5HYN589130-AA
5HYN589249-AA
5HYN589131-AA
A1 - 1
5HYN589126-TA
Alternative versions
A1 - 4
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
Alternative versions
A1 - 9
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
Alternative versions
A1 - 14
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
Alternative versions
A1 - 19
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589126-TA
A.2
Block diagrams
ETL41/42/43/44
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
ETL41/42/43/44
AF options
Telecontrol interface
O4LA
5HYN589043-CA
O4LB
5HYN589133-CA
O4LC
5HYN589134-CA
O4LD
5HYN589244-CA
ETL42/43/44
5HYN589135-CA
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589136-CA
ETL41/42/43/44
40 W power amplifier
5HYN589137-CA
ETL41/42/43/44
40 W power supply
5HYN589138-CA
A2 - 1
5HYN589126-TA
A.3
Internal wiring
ETL41/42
INTERNAL WIRING
ETL41/42/43/44
A3 - 1
5HYN589139-CA
5HYN589126-TA
A.4
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
5HYN589132-WA
L.H.Side plate
5HYN693002
P7LA
A4 - 1
5HYN217005
5HYN589126-TA
New introduction
A.5
NEW INTRODUCTION
A.5.1
ETL41/42/43/44
General
The test meter N3NL is a plug in module (optional), which can be used to make important DC and AC level
measurements in carrier set type ETL41/42/43/44. The test instrument is to be plugged in the particular
position of the equipment:
ETL41/42/43/44
Tier P7LA
Position 24
Measuring instrument
DC and AC signal level with the frequency range of 0.3kHz.500kHz, can be measured by this instrument.
With proper positioning of switch and input points provided on front panel, measurement is made easy in
both DC and AC ranges.
It works on 48V DC provided by module B5LA.
DC measurement
A DC voltage up to 50V (both positive and negative) can be measured with this meter. A DC voltage fed
through input terminal DC on front and appropriate range, either 10 or 50 volts selected by switch, helps to
measure the input with better resolution.
In case of positive voltage LED is lit, where as in case of negative voltage same LED remains OFF.
AC measurement
AC signal level of frequency between 0.3kHz to 500kHz can be measured. For better resolution of level
measurement, three ranges viz. 0dB, -10dB and 40dB are provided.
A5 - 1
5HYN589126-TA
A.5.2
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
The main function of the PAX_SUB is to simulate a subscriber set towards the EPAX and the function of
the 2-wint is to simulate an EPAX for the remote subscriber.
A5 - 2
5HYN589126-TA
A.5.2.1
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
PAX SUBSCRIBER
General
This card is meant to be interfaced with the 2-wire port (subscriber side) of the PAX. With the help of this
interface card, the PAX can be interfaced to O4LC in ETL. This interface card will act like a telephone to the
PAX and at the same time it will give signaling information to the communication equipment i.e. it will sense
the ringer voltage and give M-signal. In addition to it, this card will give impedance variation depending on
the E-signal. Therefore with the help of this card, use of expensive PAX interface modules like O4LD in
ETL.
Description
This interface card behaves as a telephone instrument for the PAX when connected to the PAX-Subscriber
side and provides the signaling information to the speech interface card with 2 wire E & M on the
communication equipment end.
This card does the following functions:
1) Detects the ringer voltage put by the PAX and gives M-signal to the communication equipment.
2) It senses E-Signal from communication equipment and gives low impedance to the PAX.
3) Makes the 2-wire speech through from PAX to communication equipment when the necessary
conditions are satisfied.
4) Gives dialing information to the PAX depending on the variation in E-signal received from the
communication equipment.
Technical Specification
1. No. of PAX to Communication interfaces:
One
2. Input:
a. Speech In:
2 Wire Interface
(PAX subscriber Side).
3. Output:
a. Speech Out:
2-Wire Interface
4. Compatible for using at the subscriber side of a Standard PAX whose ringer voltage should be in range
55 Vrms to 70 Vrms.
5. Signaling:
Extension of M-Output of PAX_SUB card by extending +ve supply to the communication equipment
by relay contact with max rating 1A/60V.
A5 - 3
5HYN589126-TA
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
Extension of E-Input of PAX_SUB card by extending +ve supply from communication equipment
loop current 10-15mA.
6. Mechanical Specification:
190 x 95 x 50 mm
a. (length x breadth x height)
b. Weight 0.45 Kg
7. Power Supply:
A5 - 4
5HYN589126-TA
A.5.2.2
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
2-WINT INTERFACE
General
This card is to facilitate the connection of a standard 2 wire telephone to the PLC equipment. It generates
the signaling required for a telephone which other wise has to be done by using a Exchange. This therefore
avoids using a costly ring tone generator or an EPAX for the purpose of signaling.
Description
2-wint is connected to the PLC equipment as shown in drawing (fig: 1). Here the telephone instrument is
connected to green connector. 48 VDC is used as the power supply and is connected to green connector
named 48v & +0v.
a) Outgoing Call:
When the telephone handset is lifted it gives a low impedance path and hence relays pick-up.
Contact of the relay extends 0v to terminal 8 (signaling-M). This signal is use to shift the pilot.
b) Incoming Call:
For incoming call the 0v is extend at terminal 4 (signaling-E). On extending the 0v, the circuit
generates pulses. These +ve pulses tend a relay to pick up and enable the ringer voltage for about
60v rms. When relay picks up, the ringer voltage is connected to the telephone through contacts,
and the telephone starts ringing. Now if telephone is lifted it gives a low impedance path and hence
relays picks-up and the contact prevents the operation of relay after telephone is lifted.
Technical Specifications
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Extension of M: Output of 2wint to Communication equipment by extending +ve supply i.e. earth
when telephone is off-hook.
9.
Extension of E : Input of 2wint from Communication equipment by extending +ve supply i.e. earth
when ringer inside 2wint is to be enabled.
10.
A5 - 5
5HYN589126-TA
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
11.
12.
Modes of connectivity
Remote subscriber application using EPAX with O4LD and 2-wire remote subscriber using O4LC
with 2-wint. (Refer Fig: 1)
Remote subscriber application using O4LC with PAX Subscriber card at the Exchange side and 2wire remote subscriber using O4LC and 2-wint. (Refer Fig: 2)
Hot line application using O4LC with 2-wint at both the ends. (Refer Fig: 3)
Fax connectivity using O4LC with 2-wint at both the ends (Refer Fig: 3)
(Note: In this case; O4LC jumper is set for 3.4KHz)
-48V
0V
E
M
SP1
(10b)
SIG GND (9b)
E(10a)
-48V to cabinet
+48V to cabinet
SP2
M(9a)
(1a)
2W
(1b)
TEL
SIG GND(6b)
HY(6a)
Subscriber (2W)
EPBX
O4LD
PAX ETL
side
E&M
ETL O4LC
e.g.201
2 Wire
2 WINT
2 Wire
e.g.202
Remote
Subscriber
Fig. 1
A5 - 6
5HYN589126-TA
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
(10b)
SIG GND (9b)
E(10a)
-48V to cabinet
+48V to cabinet
E
M
2 Wire
Com. Equp.
M(9a)
(1a)
2W
(1b)
SIG GND(6b)
HY(6a)
2 Wire
Pax_Sub
PAX
Subscriber
EPBX
2 Wire
E&M
Pax_Sub
E&M
e.g.201
ETL O4LC
2 Wire
2 WINT
2 Wire
e.g.202
Remote
Subscriber
Fig. 2
A5 - 7
5HYN589126-TA
2 Wire
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
E&M
2 WINT
2 Wire
E&M
O4LC ETL
ETL O4LC
2 Wire
2 WINT
2 Wire
FAX
FAX
-48V
0V
E
M
SP1
(10b)
SIG GND (9b)
E(10a)
-48V to cabinet
+48V to cabinet
M(9a)
(1a)
(1b)
SIG GND(6b)
HY(6a)
2W
SP2
TEL
FAX
FAX SETTINGS:
MODE:- F/T
RING DELAY:- 01
F/T RING TIME:- 20 SECONDS
EASY RECEIVE:- OFF
Fig. 3
A5 - 8
5HYN589126-TA
A5.3
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
General
TTX is the Test tone interface card. It on O4LCa/O4LBa, facilitate to connect 4 wire table telephone to ETL.
Principle
Test tone of ETL is interfaced to 4 wire telephone for calling.
Operation
In this application the 4-wire telephone is extended to the control room table and the test tone is used for
signaling purpose. This is a hotline telephone where the mouthpiece and the earpiece are directly driven by
the O4LC internal circuit. For signaling purpose, the test tone is shifted. When the button in the telephone is
pressed, the TTX card generates the calling signal using the transistors. At the receiver side, 0 V is
extended through the transistor when there is an incoming call.
This sub-print is inserted in connector X4 on module O4LCa/O4LBa.
Interconnection between 4-wire calling Telephone & ETL
O4LC
V9LA
-12V
9a
0V
9b
0V
2a
4 Wire in
V9LA X307
0V
1a
-48V
10b
2b
6b
1a
1.8k
-12V
6a
Hybrid
0V
1a
2 Wire in/out
PAX
5b
1b
2W
-12V
8a
Speech control
8b
0V
3a
4 Wire out
3b
Tx Test Tone
Rx
10a
10b
4a
4b
5b
5a
3
5
7
0V
2
4W ETL TABLE
TELEPHONE
Fig: 4
A5 - 9
5HYN589126-TA
A5.4
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
General
The Universal Speech Interface Circuit is a child board which is mounted on O4LC module for FXO/FXS
(Remote Subscriber) & Hotline functionalities on board. Therefore no external devices for such
functionalities are required. By selecting the appropriate jumpers, the specific function can be implemented.
In case, the simple O4LC operation is required, the USIC can be isolated by removing the jumpers on the
USIC board.
The USIC is connected to the O4LC board via a ribbon cable that carries the power supply and
signal/speech lines to the USIC. The ribbon cable can be fitted in any direction without restrictions.
The following figure indicates the location of the jumpers on USIC and O4LC.
O4LC Module
JO JU
PA
PB
PC
PD
PE
PF
PG
PH
SA
SB
SC
SD
SE
SF
SG
SH
USIC BOARD
Fig. 5
A5 - 10
5HYN589126-TA
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
Programming Chart
Voice Service
Jumper
FXO End
(EPAX End)
USIC
PA, PB, PC, PD,
PE, PF, PG, PH
O4LC
JU
FXS End
(Remote Subscriber End)
JU
Hotline
JU
For normal O4LC operation (2/4 wire E&M), place jumper at J and JO and the USIC should be isolated by
removing all the USIC Jumpers. These jumpers should be placed at the spare jumper location provided on
the O4LC board.
Modes of Operation
4 Wire E&M EPAX Trunk Line (Normal O4LC operation)
O4LC
O4LC
USIC
ETL
4 WIRE
E&M
ETL
1.
USIC
EPAX
4 WIRE
E&M
EPAX
Fig. 6
USIC
EPAX
O4LC
O4LC
ETL
2 WIRE
ETL
2.
2 WIRE
USIC
Fig. 7
A5 - 11
5HYN589126-TA
ETL41/42/43/44
O4LC
O4LC
USIC
ETL
2 WIRE
ETL
3.
New introduction
2 WIRE
USIC
Fig. 8
(1a)
(1b)
(2a)
(3b)
(9b)
(10a)
Fig. 9
A5 - 12
5HYN589126-TA
New introduction
ETL41/42/43/44
2 wire
Phone
(2a)
(3b)
(9b)
(10a)
Fig. 10
A5 - 13
5HYN589126-TA