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ENGLESKI JEZIK - POSLOVNI 1, Prirucnik
ENGLESKI JEZIK - POSLOVNI 1, Prirucnik
ENGLISH LANGUAGE I
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL & TESTS
Belgrade, 2009
Priručnik „English language I“ je napisan, prevashodno, kao dodatni materijal
biznis, Univerziteta „UNION“ u Beogradu na predmetu Engleski jezik I, ali ga, zbog
svog sadržaja, mogu koristiti svi oni koji žele da unaprede svoje znanje poslovnog
engleskog jezika. Materijal prati teme i gramatičke partije predstavljene u prvom delu
cilju pomoći studentima da lakše usvoje predviđeni program. Takođe, Priručnik sadrži i
Engleski jezik 1 iz nekih ranijih ispitnih rokova kako bi studenti lakše sagledali šta ih na
Autorka poziva studente da daju svoje ideje i sugestije u vezi sa ovim gradivom, kako bi
neka sledeća izdanja Priručnika bila od veće koristi na njihovom putu da savladaju
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UNIT 1 GLOBALISATION
I VOCABULARY
a) infrastructure __________________________
b) issues _________________________________
c) profitability _____________________________
f) head-quarters ___________________________
g) acquisition ______________________________
i) consortium ______________________________
j) franchising ______________________________
k) licensing ________________________________
m) subsidiary ______________________________
2. Choose 5 words/phrases from the above exercise and make your own sentences:
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
1. »in-plant« ________________________________________________________
7. respondent _______________________________________________________
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5. Answer the questions:
II GRAMMAR
Iz samih ovih primera se može izvesti zaključak na koji način se komparativ i superlativ
grade. Naime, kratki pridevi (jednosložni) grade komparativ dodavanjem sufiksa –ER, a
superlativ dodavanjem sufiksa –EST na pozitiv prideva. Dugi (sa tri i više sloga) grade
ispred pozitiva prideva. Postavlja se pitanje šta raditi sa pridevima „srednje“ dužine,
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tačnije onima koji imaju tačno 2 sloga. U tom slučaju, oni se ponašaju kao jednosložni
S obzirom da je kod komparacije prideva prisutno poredjenje dve ili više stvari, uz
Posebnu grupu čine oni pridevi koji imaju nepravilnu komparaciju, tj. nemaju pomenute
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Ukoliko želimo da uporedimo dve stvari koje su podjednakog kvaliteta upotrebićemo isti
My car is AS FAST AS your car. Moj auto je podjednako brz kao i tvoj.
1. Make comparatives:
(experienced)
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2. Make superlatives:
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UNIT 2 BRANDS
I VOCABULARY
c) counterfeiter _____________________________
g) fake ______________________________
h) merchandise ____________________________
2. Choose 5 words/phrases from the above exercise and make your own sentences:
1. _______________________________________________________________
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2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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5. Answer the questions:
II GRAMMAR
Za govornike srpskog jezika, razlika izmedju vremena Simple Past Tense (trajnog
prošlog vremena) i Present Perfect Tense (koje predstavlja jedno od sadašnjih vremena u
engleskom jeziku) može predstavljati veliki problem, s obzirom da se oba na srpski jezik
prevode prošlim vremenom, tj. Present Perfect Tense u našem jeziku ne postoji.
Postavlja se pitanje kako onda prevesti sa srpskog na engleski jezik rečenicu koja je na
rečenice jasno kada se radnja dogodila, tj. da li je ta prošlost vremenski odredjena. Npr. iz
rečenice „Kupio sam novi auto“ ne vidi se kada se to desilo. Samim tim, govornik
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pohvali da je do pomenute radnje došlo nego da je stavi u odredjeni vremenski trenutak.
Zbog toga ćemo tu rečenicu (iako je na srpskom jeziku izgovorena u prošlom vremenu)
prevesti sadašnjim vremenom i upotrebiti Present Perfect Tense, pa će ona glasiti “I have
bought a new car”. Ukoliko, pak, govornik navede vreme kupovine auta i kaže, recimo,
„Kupio sam novi auto pre dve nedelje“, sama upotreba ove prošle vremenske odrednice
ukazuje nam da rečenicu moramo prevesti trajnim prošlim vremenom, tj. upotrebićemo
Simple Past Tense i onda će prevod glasiti “I bought a new car two weeks ago”.
Da sumiramo, Present Perfect Tense je sadašnje vreme i kao takvo spaja prošlost sa
sadašnjim trenutkom, tj. posledicom neke završene radnje koju imamo u sadašnjosti
(govornik ima nova kola SADA – iako ih je kupio u nekoj vremenski nedefinisanoj
prošlosti). Ono se koristi i da saopštimo neko svoje iskustvo, javimo neku vest ili se
Simple Past Tense je prošlo vreme kojim se opisuje radnja koja je završena u nekoj
vremenski odredjenoj prošlosti. Zbog toga u rečenici mora postojati vremenska odrednica
koja nam ukazuje kada se tačno radnja dogodila ili ukoliko je nema, sagovornik mora biti
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I visited my parents yesterday.
U odabiru vremena nam mnogo mogu pomoći i tzv. prilozi za vreme. Za Simple Past
Tense oni nam jasno pokazuju da je do radnje došlo u prošlosti, tako da su nam pouzdan
YESTERDAY, LAST, AGO, IN 1999, WHEN I WAS A CHILD... Medjutim, oni koji
LATELY...
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e) I ____________ (study) French when I was in school, but I
last year.
nothing ____________________(decide).
address?
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UNIT 3 TRAVEL
I VOCABULARY
b) overbooking _________________________________
c) queue _____________________________
d) trolley _________________________
e) cancellation __________________________
g) leaflet ______________________________
h) questionnaire ____________________________
i) accommodation ______________________________
m) voucher ______________________________
n) feedback ____________________________
o) misbehaviour ______________________________
p) runway ______________________________
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2. Choose 5 words/phrases from the above exercise and make your own sentences:
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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c) Žao mi je. Ja već imam zakazano u to vreme
___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
II GRAMMAR
planove...
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You'll regret it.
Izražava nagoveštaj onoga što će se desiti (I'll be studying tomorrow) nasuprot Simple
Future Tense koja izražava jaku nameru, obećanje da će se radnja u budućnosti desiti (I'll
study tomorrow).
Shodno tome, ukoliko kažemo rečenicu u Simple Future Tense – He will not come
reći He will not be coming tomorrow što bi značilo da nije u mogućnosti da dodje.
3) WILL + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (III kolona nepravilnih glagola ili pravilni glagol
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Ova konstrukcija nije ništa drugo nego pasivni oblik vremena Future Simple Tense i
kao svaki drugi pasiv, sledi formulu to be + past participle. U ovom slučaju, pomoćni
WILL + HAVE + BEEN + -ING (Future Continuous Tense) za nesvršenu radnju koja
midnight!
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5. I hope they ___________________________(repair) this road by the time we come
6. Teacher: I ______________________(not have) boys here with long hair, so get your
education.
11. I’ve fished that river every year for the last fifteen years. Well, nobody
12. By the end of next year, I _______________________(work) for him for 35 years!
15. You __________________________(not use) your car when you’re on holiday, will
you? No, but don’t ask me to lend it to you because I ___________________(not do)
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UNIT 4 ADVERTISING
I VOCABULARY
b) commercials _________________________________
c) exhibition _____________________________
e) leaflets __________________________
g) ad(vertisement) ______________________________
l) point-of-sale _____________________________
p) sponsorship ______________________________
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2. Choose 5 words/phrases from the above exercise and make your own sentences:
1.____________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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c) Ovo su rezultati istraživanja tržišta.
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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II GRAMMAR
ČLANOVI
(ARTICLES)
U engleskom jeziku postoje dva člana: neodređeni a/an i određeni the. Postoje
mnogobrojna pravila u vezi sa upotrebom članova, a mi ćemo ovde navesti samo ona
najosnovnija.
Neodređeni član se koristi kad prvi put nešto spominjemo, tj. spominjemo informaciju o
kojoj naš sagovornik još ništa ne zna. Stavlja se ispred brojivih imenica i često se koristi
a book (jedna, neka knjiga, bilo koja, sagovornik ne zna tačno na koju mislimo)
Neodređeni član A dobija oblik AN ukoliko se reč koja mu sledi izgovara na samoglasnik
(a, e, i, o, u)
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an island, an uncle, an egg, ali i an hour (jer se slovo H ne čuje u izgovoru).
A lion is a wild animal. (lav kao predstavnik čitave svoje vrste...svi lavovi su divlje
životinje)
Kada se imenica nalazi iza glagola TO BE, tj. kad je imenica komplement
U frazama poput: a lot of, a great deal of, a couple of, a dozen, a hundred, a
thousand, a million
U distributivnim izrazima: once a week, twice a year, four times a day, 100
I have a few real friends – Imam nekoliko pravih prijatelja (zadovoljan sam
time)
I have a little milk. You don't have to go to the shop. – Imam malo mleka
Ispred imena ili prezimena ljudi samo u značenju »neki, ne znam koji«:
A Mr. Smith would like to see you, sir. – Neki g. Smit bi želeo da Vas vidi,
gospodine.
U frazi WHAT A....! (za jedninu): What a lie! What a beautiful day!
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(u množini se član izostavlja: What lies! What bauties!)
Određeni član THE se koristi ispred imenica sa kojima je sagovornik već upoznat,
Postoji još dosta pravila o upotrebi određenog člana, a pomenućemo samo najvažnije:
Za stvari/pojmove koji su jedinstveni: the Earth, the moon, the sky, the
Ispred imenice koja je bliže određena nekom frazom koja je opisuje pa sagovornik
zna na šta govornik misli: the lady in red, the child with a stick, the place I've
been to, the prince of Wales, the pen that you have in your hand....
Ispred Saksonskog genitiva ('s): the butcher's shop, the father's job...
označavaju čitavu klasu: the sick (bolesni), the dead (mrtvi), the rich (bogati)...
The House of Parliament, the Odeon cinema, The Palace Hotel, The Panama
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Ispred geografskih pojmova koji imaju oblik množine: The Alps, The East
Ispred naziva reka, jezera, mora, okeana, zaliva...: The Danube, The Adriatic,
The Pacific
Ispred naziva nacija u množini: The Serbs, the English, the Chinese
Ispred superlativa prideva: the best friend, the most beautiful girl...
Posle reči »half« i »all«: all the people..., half the time...
Ispred prezimena u množini koja označavaju čitavu porodicu: the Simpsons, the
Sopranos...
Ispred delova tela: She was hit in the head (or her head)
ulica...). Izuzetak su pomenuti nazivi koji imaju oblik množine (the Netherlands),
npr. za države koje su federacije (the United States of America), The Hyde Park,
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Ispred apstraktnih imenica: beauty, music, art...
2. _______ ship you were speaking about has just come into ______ port.
3. We had _____ dinner in ______ small restaurant. _______ restaurant was just
perfect.
8. ________ Mr. Smith is looking for you. I don't know who he is.
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14. She was teaching at _________Belgrade University.
20. He said he was ______employee of _______gas company and had come to read
______meter.
23. There will always be _______ conflict between ________old and ________young.
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UNIT 5 EMPLOYMENT
I VOCABULARY
a) appearance __________________________
b) handwriting _________________________________
g) recruitment ______________________________
h) a graduate ____________________________
k) abilities ________________________________
m) skills ______________________________
n) references ____________________________
2. Choose 5 words/phrases from the above exercise and make your own sentences:
1. _______________________________________________________________
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2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
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5. Answer the questions:
a) What are the most important personal characteristics that employers look for in
potential employees?
d) How important for a company is choosing the best candidate for a job?
II GRAMMAR
1) Da/Ne pitanja (Yes/No questions) koja u srpskom jeziku počinju sa „Da li?“ i na
koja se odgovara sa „Da“ ili „Ne“ (tj. Yes/No). Ona se postavljaju po sledećem modelu:
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Npr.
Had they bought the tickets before they went to the cinema? - Yes, they had.
2) „WH“ pitanja („WH“ questions) su ona koja počinju nekom od upitnih reči/fraza koje
počinju na „WH“ kao što su WHEN, WHY, WHAT, WHERE, WHICH, pa i HOW. Ova
Npr.
Where had they bought the tickets before they went to the cinema?
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II
Npr.
Who is your father? – Peter is my father (Peter je subjekat u ovoj rečenici) ili
What is the colour of the sky. –Blue is the colour of the sky.
Npr.
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1) Who interviewed him? (ako želimo da znamo ko ga je
2) Who did she interview? (ako želimo da znamo objekat, tj. koga
je to ona intervjuisala).
Iz ovog primera najbolje vidimo da se „WH“ pitanja prave po modelu koji sam navela u
odeljku I samo ako su objekatska. Subjekatska se prave na lakši način tako što upitne
reči WHO ili WHAT dolaze na mesto subjekta, a red reči u pitanju ostaje isti kao u
potvrdnoj rečenici.
III
2) indirektna (koja su, zapravo, prepričavanje nekog pitanja, tj. ništa drugo nego
Npr.
Direktno pitanje bi bilo Where is the post office? (pitanje pravljeno po modelu i u njemu
IMA inverzije, tj. pomoćni glagol IS dolazi ispred subjekta THE POST OFFICE)
Indirektno pitanje bi glasilo I always forget where the post office is. (ovo pitanje ne
sadrži inverziju, tj. pomoćni glagol IS dolazi iza subjekta THE POST OFFICE).
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Indirektna pitanja često koristimo u poslovnom jeziku, jer su ljubaznija. U tom slučaju,
ona jesu pitanja, ali red reči ostaje kao u potvrdnoj rečenici.
Npr.
U oba ova pitanja inverzija je na samom početku (pomoćni glagoli COULD tj. DO ispred
subjekta YOU) tako da za njom nema potrebe kasnije, kada se pomene THE POST
OFFICE.
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e) I had prepared before I gave a speech, and you?
________________________________________________________________?
________________________________________________________________?
_________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
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____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
could last?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________?
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e) My family always go on holiday in September ___________________________?
_________________________________________________________________?
___________________________?
_______________________________________________________________?
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UNIT 6 TRADE
I VOCABULARY
a) dumping __________________________
b) protectionism _________________________________
c) liberalise _____________________________
d) deregulation _________________________
e) quotas __________________________
f) tariffs ___________________________
g) customs ______________________________
h) subsidise ____________________________
k) shipment ________________________________
l) insurance _____________________________
m) delivery ______________________________
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s) warehouse ______________________________
u) wholesale _______________________________
2. Choose 5 words/phrases from the above exercise and make your own sentences:
1.____________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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5. To comply with all regulations __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
narudžbinu.
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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II GRAMMAR
Kondicionali ili uslovne rečenice su one rečenice koje nam govore šta će se dogoditi ako
toga što je realno očekivati neku navedenu posledicu ako do ispunjenja uslova dođe.
Npr.
Kao što se može videti iz ovog primera, kondicionalni (uslovni) deo rečenice (u ovom
slučaju stoji na početku, ali ne nužno i počinje sa IF) je u Simple Present Tensu (ili u
Present Perfect Tensu). U drugom delu rečenice može se, kao i u ovom primeru, naći
Future Tense (will) ili alternativno još jedan Simple Present Tense ili imperativ
(zapovedni način).
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I KONDICIONAL
Imperative
Npr.
If they have not heard your wish, they will not know how to do it. (Present Perfect +
Future Tense)
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II KONDICIONAL (nije realno očekivati ispunjenje uslova, tako da se o posledici samo
hipotetički govori)
Npr.
S obzirom da, nažalost, nikada nećemo biti na mestu te princeze, nerealno je očekivati
ovoj vrsti kondicionala upotrebljava Simple Past Tense u IF delu rečenice, a u onom
drugom delu (bez obzira na to gde mu je pozicija u rečenici) tzv. Future in the past, tj.
glasila:
should
1
Were je tzv. subjunctive oblik i upotrebljava se u II kondicionalu za sva lica
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If I knew the problem, I would offer my help.
U ovom kondicionalu takođe nije realno očekivati ispunjenje uslova, pre svega zato što se
Npr.
If I had known of your arrival, I would have met you. (but I didn't know, so I didn't
meet you)
Past Perfect Tense (had known) Would + have + past participle (-ed za
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If you had listened carefully, you would have understood.
If they hadn't watered the garden, the plants would have died.
If we had attended his lectures, we would know the answer to his question.
1.Napravite I kondicional:
the party.
____________________(show up).
tonight.
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2.Napravite II kondicional:
University.
_____________________(invite) us.
__________________(know).
a) If he _______________________(come), I
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e) My school ________________________(be) open, if the reconstruction
________________________(be) on time.
cook) myself.
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TEST SAMPLES
(PRIMERI KOLOKVIJUMA IZ
PRETHODNIH ROKOVA)
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1.
_______________
10 points
_______________
5 points
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III Put A, AN, THE or / where necessary:
_______________
5 points
_______________________________________________________
2. Pišem Vam da bi se žalio na Vaše usluge.
_______________________________________________________
3. Predložio bih da rešimo problem.
_______________________________________________________
4. Molim Vas, u prilogu nadjite naš najnoviji katalog.
________________________________________________________
5. Biće nam veoma drago da saradjujemo sa Vama u budućnosti.
________________________________________________________
_______________
5 points
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2.
I Put a, an, the or X where necessery:
______________
5 points
John likes traveling a lot. In fact, he __________ (be) only two years old when he first
__________ (fly) to the US. John _____________ (be) born in France, but his parents
____________ (meet) in Cologne, Germany after they ________ (live) there for five
years. They ______ (meet) one day while John's father __________ (read) a book in the
library.
As a matter of fact, John ____________ (visit) his parents in France at the moment. He
_______ (live) in New York now, but ______________ (visit) his parents for the past
few weeks.
This year he ___________ (fly) over 50,000 miles for his job. He _______________
(work) for Jackson & Co. for almost two years now. He's pretty sure that he
____________ (work) for them next year as well. His job __________ (require) a lot of
travel.
His girlfriend from New York _________ (telephone) to let him know that Jackson &
Co. ___________ (decide) to merge with a company in Australia. The two companies
______________ (negotiate) for the past month, so it really _______ (not be) much of a
surprise. Of course, this _______ (mean) that John _______ (have to catch) the next
plane back to New York.
_______________
10 points
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III Make questions:
_______________
5 points
_______________
5 points
V Translate into English:
_______________
5 points
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REŠENJA
(ANSWER KEY)
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1. GLOBALISATION
GRAMMAR
2. BRANDS
1. a) lojalnost brendu b) povećati svest o brendu c) onaj koji kopira brendove d) licencna
prava e) zloupotreba autorskih prava f) „skinuti“ (kopirati) brend g) lažan h) roba i)
korporativna strategija j) uništiti imidž brenda k) lansirati proizvod l) luksuzni brend m)
udeo u tržištu n) ciljni klijenti/potrošači. 3. a) prodaja se konstantno povećava b)
preplaviti tržište c) roba je zaplenjena od strane policije d) otkriti zloupotrebu autroskih
prava e) povezati brend sa robom lošeg kvaliteta 4. a) I think we should rise the level of
our brand awareness. b) I'm afraid I don't agree with it. c) Can I say something? d) I
totally agree.
GRAMMAR
a) haven't seen b) hasn't been c) did you have d) spent e) studied, have forgotten f) hasn't
found g) have you learnt h) moved i) have you been?, was j) looked, met k) have you
already booked l) have you heard, left, has anyone been, applied, has been decided m)
has lived n) intended o) have lived p) have lived, lived q) helped r) have worked
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3. TRAVEL
1. a) izmenjeno fizičko stanje osobe nastalo usled dugog putovanja avionom iz jedne
u drugu vremensku zonu b) pravljenje duplih rezervacija na nekom letu zbog više
prodatih mesta nego što ih ima u avionu c) red, stajati u redu d) kolica (za prtljag na
aerodromu) e) otkazivanje (leta) f) ručni prtljag g) flajer h) upitnik i) smeštaj j)
ekonomska/biznis klasa k) specijalna ponuda l) izvlačenje nagrade/nagradna igra m)
vaučer n) povratna reakcija o) neprikladno ponašanje p) pista q) kabinska posada (u
avionu) 3. a) popuniti priloženi upitnik b) priloženi flajer c) verbalni/fizički napad d)
dugački redovi na šalteru za predaju prtljaga e) ekstenzivna (široka) mreža važnih
destinacija 4. a) Can/Could we meet on Wednesday at 9 a.m.? b) Are you free
(sometime) next month? c) I'm afraid I've already got an appointment then d) I'm
afraid I can't come on Wednesday e) Can/Could we fix another time?
GRAMMAR
1. will be mending 2. will have mended 3. will be mending 4. will be mended, will
drive 5. will repair 6. will not have, will send, will not come, will find 6. will be doing
7. will have 8. will not see, will have left 9. will go out 10. will be fishing 11. will
have been working 12. will be 13. will have passed, will pick 14. will not be using,
will not do.
4. ADVERTISING
GRAMMAR
1.a 2. the, the 3. /, a, the 4. a 5. a 6. the, / 7. a, a 8. a 9. the 10. the 11. a 12. an 13. a
14. / 15. the 16. the, / 16. the 17. /, the 18. a, the 19. the, a, the 20. the, the, the 21. a
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22. /, the, the 23. the 24. a 25. /, an, a 26. a 27. an, the 28. the, a 29. a, a 30. a, / 31. /, /,
/ 32. the, the 33. the
5. EMPLOYMENT
GRAMMAR
1. a) Do you like music? b) Does he respect his parents? c) Have they been to London? d)
Is she interested in sports? e) Had you prepared before you gave a speech? f) Is she
watching TV? g) Were you watching the quiz yesterday around 8? h) Are you going to
Turkey on holiday? i) Will you send a postcard? j) Has she met the President? 2. a)
Where did you find it? b) Do you want to buy a shirt? c) What discount can you give us?
d) Who is responsible for delivery? e) Were they invited to the party? f) Could we bring
our child to the party? g) Have you ever visited such a beautiful place? h) What is the
longest river in the world? i) Are you doing your job well? j) Could you let her finish,
please? k) Could you tell me how you have changed in the last five years? l) I would like
to know what you say about your colleagues? m) What do you think of the employers'
decisions? 3. a) Where did we live last year? b) Who saw me at the party? c) When will
you come? d) What are we listening to? e) When do/does my family go on holiday? f)
Who applied for the job? g) Why do/does non-smoking staff always complain? h) Who
remember advertisements? i) How do passangers feel? j) What did they want him to
conform to?
6. TRADE
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koje smo naručili 4) Ukupna vrednost ugovora je 50000 evra 5) biti u saglasnosti sa svim
pravilima/zakonima 5. a) Can/could we start/begin now, please? b) If you order now, we
will give you a discount. c) We would be prepared/ready to offer you a better price if you
increased your order. d) What do you have in mind? e) I think we can agree to that.
GRAMMAR
1. a) come, will show b) see, don't panic c) will be, misses d) will not, show up e) is, will
go 2. a) were, would enrol b) saw, would say c) wouldn't be, invited d) would help, knew
e) would join, received 3. a) had come, would have seen b) would have sent, had known
c) wouldn't have spoken, had seen d) would have moved, had known e) would have been,
had been 4. a) will tell, comes b) had known, would have built c) had, would not d) were,
would not e) would he do, didn't have
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