Title: Neonatal Intensive-Care

Unit (NICU) - Intensive Care Nursery

(ICN)

Sr.
No.

1.

2.

Table of Content

Abstract : Neonatal
Intensive-Care
Unit (NICU) Intensive
Care Nursery(ICN)

Page No.

Services and treatments

4

3.

About Us

1. Abstract :
Neonatal is derived from the word neo, "new", natal.
A Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit (NICU), also known as an Intensive
Care Nursery(ICN), is an intensive-care unit specially for the care of ill
or premature newborn infant. The first American newborn intensive care
unit, designed by Louis Gluck, was started in October 1960 at Yale-New
Haven Hospital, Connecticut.
NICU is normally directed by one or many neonatologists along with nurse
or nurses staff practitioners, pharmacists, assistants, physicians, and
dietitians, respiratory therapists. A lot of other ancillary disciplines and
specialists are available at larger units.

Nursing and neonatal populations

Healthcare institutions have changeable entry-level requirements
for neonatal nurses. Neonatal nurses should have certification as
a neonatal resuscitation provider.

Start of ICU and NICU

Premature and congenitally ill infants being born is not new one. It was till
1922 hospitals started grouping the newborn infants into one area, now
called the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
In the Middle of nineteenth century the infant incubator was first
developed, based on the incubators used for chicken eggs by Dr. Stephane

Tarnier who is generally considered to be the father of the incubator (or

isolette).

This was developed to keep premature infants in a Paris

maternity ward warm. This convinced other physicians that the

treatment helped premature infants in France due to its concerns about a
falling birth rate.
After retirement of, Tarnier Dr. Pierre Budin, started noting the limitations
of infants in incubators and the importance of breastmilk and the mothers
attachment to the child.

2. Services and Treatments

Adult intensive care units have the use of monitoring and life-support
systems became routine. Adult ventilators, for example, could damage
babies' lungs and gentler techniques with smaller pressure changes were
devised. Some hospitals admitted all babies delivered by Caesarian section,
or under 2500 g in weight. Treating low-birth-weight infants is expensive,
especially when there are much cheaper ways of ensuring healthy babies.
Besides prematurity and extreme low birth-weight, common diseases cared
for in a NICU include perinatal asphyxia, major birth fects, sepsis, neonatal
jaundice, and Infant respiratory distress syndrome due to immaturity of
the lungs. Complications of extreme prematurity may include intracranial
hemorrhage, chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or retinopathy of
prematurity. An infant may spend a day of observation in a NICU or may
spend many months there.
The NICU environment provides challenges as well as benefits. Stressors
for the infants can include continual light, a high level of noise, separation
from their mothers, reduced physical contact, painful procedures, and
interference with the opportunity to breastfeed.
Equipment
Incubator
An incubator (or isolette) is an apparatus used to maintain environmental
conditions suitable for a neonate (newborn baby). It is used in preterm
births or for some ill full-term babies.
Possible functions of a neonatal incubator are:

Oxygenation, through oxygen supplementation by head hood or nasal

cannula, or even continuous (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation. Infant
respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of death in preterm
infants,

and

the

main

treatments

are

CPAP,

in

addition

to

administering pulmonary surfactant and stabilizing the blood sugar, blood

salts, and blood pressure.
Administration of medications.
Maintaining fluid balance by providing fluid and keeping a high air
humidity to prevent too great a loss from skin and respiratory evaporation.
A transport incubator is an incubator in a transportable form, and is used
when a sick or premature baby is moved, e.g., from one hospital to another,
as from a community hospital to a larger medical facility with a proper
neonatal intensive-care unit. It usually has a miniature ventilator, cardiorespiratory monitor, IV pump, pulse oximeter, and oxygen supply built into
its frame.
Common diagnosis and pathologies in the NICU include:
Anemia,

Apnea,

Bradycardia,

Bronchopulmonary

dysplasia (BPD),

Hydrocephalus, Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), Jaundice, Necrotizing

enterocolitis (NEC),
leukomalacia (PVL),

Patent
Infant

ductus

arteriosus (PDA),

respiratory

distress

Periventricular
syndrome (RDS),

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), Sepsis, Transient tachypnea of the

newborn (TTN).

3. About Us

Kharghar Medicity Multispeciality Hospital has placed the

enormous & prominent place in the healthcare sector at the
prestigious location of Navi Mumbai locality Kharghar. We
serves our best efficiency in the multispecialty healthcare services
which significantly specialized in the super specialty services
which offers high end procedures in Neurology , Neurosurgery ,
Urology , Joint replacement , knee replacement surgeries and
many more.
We crucially provides following facilities likely :
Super Specialty Services
Cashless Facility
24 hours Services
Emergency services
Website : http://www.khargharmedicityhospital.com/