TRIFLEXWindows

Chapter 8

Mi

in-plane bending moment, inch-pounds

Mo

out-plane bending, inch-pounds

stress intensification factor

As can be seen from the equation, the longitudinal stress due to the combined pressure
and weight stresses shall be less than or equal to the Sh .
For full-size outlet connections:
Z=

OD 4 - ID 4

32 OD

For reduced outlet branch connections:

2

Z e = r m ts
where:
Z

section modulus, in3

Ze

effective section modulus of reduced branch, in3

rm

the mean radius of the branch, inches

ts

effective wall thickness of branch (the smaller of th and it b), inches

th

nominal wall thickness of main pipe, inches

tb

nominal wall thickness of branch, inches

OD

the nominal outside diameter of the pipe, inches

ID

inside diameter of pipe OD - 2t, inches

Expansion Stress Range

The extent of the expansion stress range induced is computed in the Thermal Analysis
processed by TRIFLEX. This stress range must satisfy the condition:
where:
SE=

i M t2 + M 2i + M 2o
SA
Z

47

TRIFLEXWindows

Chapter 8

S A = f (1 .25 SC + 0.25 S H )
Sc
=
basic material allowable stress at minimum (cold) temperature
from the Allowable Stress Tables, psi
Sh
=
basic material allowable stress at maximum (hot) temperature from
the Allowable Stress Tables, psi
An alternative formula is:

SE=

i M 2t + M 2i + M 2o
S A+ f ( S h - S L )
Z

where:
Mi

in-plane bending moment, inch-pounds

Mo

out-plane bending, inch-pounds

Mt

torsional moment, inch-pounds

which will be used when the liberal method is requested. If Occasional Loads have been
requested, a third Output Report will be generated.
The third Output Report contains the following information:
Occasional Stresses
Occasional Stresses for each direction requested are computed in the Weight Factor
Analyses.
MB
S O = 0.75i

Z
where:
M B = M 2GF(X) + M 2GF(Y)+ M 2GF(Z)
The moments at each piping location from each Weight Factor Analysis are combined in
the following manner:
M GF(X) = ( M 2t + M 2i + M 2o )
M GF(Y)= ( M 2t + M i2 + M 2o )

48