of

ary

l1al

in

nd
nd
re
lite
1er

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ies
lis,
re
lis.
' on
ith
is
:ed

lnc

ual

ss
:ed

85.
9.

APPE N D ICES
____, c _ ___________

: - :.::....:,'-.- .:...:..,-..::.:..:.>
. .'-.-

_ .

-----,-7--_:-

Appendix 1

__

Appendix 1
CONVERSION TA BLES
" .-,

. " - ,... ' . " --...

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OLD AND SI UNITS

TEM PERATURE

Multiplication factors

RBC
PCV
Hb
MCV
MCH
MCHC
WEC
Platelets
Total serum
Protein
Albumin
Bicarbonate
Bilirubin
Calcium
Chloride
Cholesterol
Copper
Cortisol
Creatinine
Globulin
Glucose
Inorganic
phosphate
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Molybdenum
Potassium
Selenium
Sodium
Triglyceride
Urea nitrogen
Urea
Zinc

51

51

Old units

Old units
to 51 units

x106/mm3
%
g/dL
3
].1
].I].Ig
%
x103/mm3
x103/mm3

106
0.01
None
None
None
None
106
106

100
None
None
None
None
10-6
10-6

pg
g/dL
x109/L
x109/L

g/dL
g/dL
mEq/L
mg/dL
mg/dL
mEq/L
mg/dL
].Ig/dL
].Ig/dL
mg/dL
g/dL
mg/dL

10
10
None
1 7.1
0.25
None
0.0259
0.157
27.6
88.4
10
0.0555

0.1
0.1
None
0.0585
4.008
None
38.7
6.35
0.0362
0.0113
0.1
18.02

gil
gil
mmollL
].Imol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
].Imol/L
nmol/L
].ImollL
gil
mmollL

mg/dL
].Ig/dL
].Ig/dL
mg/dL
].Ig/dL
mEq/L
].Ig/dL
mEq/L
mg/dL
mg/dL
mg/dL
].Ig/dL

0.323
0.179
0.0483
0.411
0.104
None
0.126
None
0.0113
0.3570
0.1665
0.15

3.10
5.59
20.7
2.43
9.6
None
7.9
None
88.5
2.9
6.01
6.54

mmollL
].Imol/L
].Imol/L
mmollL
].ImollL
mmol/L
].Imol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
].ImollL

units
to old units
10-6

units

2
X101 /L
LlL
g/dL

fL

CO NVERSIONS

To convert grams per 100 mL into grains per US fluid ounce

To convert grams per 100 mL into grains per Imperial fluid
ounce
To convert grams into ounces aVOirdupois
To convert liters into US pints
To convert liters into Imperial pints
To convert kilograms into pounds

- multiply by 4.564
- multiply by 4.385
- multiply by 10 and
divide by 283
- multiply by 2.114
- multiply by 88 and
divide by 50
- multiply by 1000 and
divide by 454

Celcius (centigrade)

1100
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50

Fahrenheit

2300
212
203
194
185
176
167
158
149
140
131
122

45
44
43
42
41
40.5
40
39.5
39
38.5

113
111.2
109.4
107.6
105.8
104.9
104.0
103.1
102.2
10l.3

38
37.5
37
36.5
36
35.5
35
34
33
32
31
30

100.4
99.5
98.6
97.7
96.8
95.9
95
93.2
91.4
89.6
87.8
86

25
20
15
10
+5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20

77
68
59
50
41
32
23
14
+5
-4

To convert Fahrenheit into Celcius:

subtract 32, multiply the remainder by 5,
and divide the result by 9.
To convert Celcius into Fahrenheit:
multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32.

.....

App,nd ice<

MASS

LENGTH
USllm perial

Metric

1 kilogram (kg)

gram (g)
1 milligram (mg)

1 ton (2240 Ib)

1 hundredweight
(112 Ib) (cwt)
1 stone (14 Ib) (st)
1 pound
(avoirdupois) (lb)
1 ounce
(avoirdupois) (oz)
1 grain (gr)

15432 grains
or 35 .274 ounces
or 2.2046 pounds
= 15.432 grains
0.015432 grains

Metric
=
=

1016 kilograms
50.80 kilograms

6.35 kilograms
= 453:59 grams
=

28.35 grams

64.799 milligrams

CAPACITY

Metric

1 liter (L)
1 milliliter (mL)

=
=

=
=

3.785 liters

473.17 milliliters
= 29.573 milliliters
= 3.696 milliliters
= 0.061610
milliliters

1 gallon (160 fl oz)

(gal)
1 pint (pt)
1 fluid ounce (fl oz)
1 fluid dram (fl dr)
1 minim (min)

0.621 miles
39.370 inches
3.9370 inches
0.39370 inch
0.039370 inch
0.000039370 inch

US/Imperial

1 mile
1 yard
1 foot
l inch

=
=
=
=

1.609 kilometers
0.914 meters
30.48 centimeters
2.54 centimeters
or 25.40
millimeters

Pressure

Imperial
=

2.114 US pints = 1.7598 Imperial pints

16 .23 US minims 16.894 Imperial minims

US Liquid

1 gallon (128 fl oz)

(gall)
1 pint (pt)
1 fluid ounce (fl oz)
1 fluid dram (fl dr)
1 minim (min)

1 kilometer (km)
1 meter (m)
1 decimeter (dm)
1 centimeter (em)
1 millimeter (mm)
1 micrometer (flm)

4.546 liters

568.25 milliliters
= 28.412 milliliters
= 3.5515 milliliters
= 0.059192
milliliters

1 kiloPascal (kPa)
1 kiloPascal (kPa)
1 kilo Pascal (kPa)
1

atmosphere
I mm Hg

=
=
=

10.197 em H20
7.50 mm Hg
0.145 pounds
square inch (PSI)
760 mm Hg
1.359 em H20
0.133 kPa
0.0193 PSI

Appendices

Serum constituents (US u n its)

Cattle

Sheep

Sodium (mEq/L)

132-152

145-152

140-150

132-146

Potassium (mE/qL)

3.9-5.8

3.9-5.4

4.7-7.1

3.0-5.0

Chloride (mEq/L)

95-110

95-103

94-103

98-110

Swine

Horses

Electrolytes

Osmolality (mOsmol/kg)

270-306

270-290

Acid:base status

7.35-7.50

7.32-7.50

7.32-7.46

34-45

38-45

38-46

Bicarbonate (mEq/L)

20-30

21-28

18-27

23-32

Total carbon dioxide (mEq/L)

20-30

20-28

1 7-26

22-31

Anion gap (mEq/L)

14-26

12-24

10-25

10-25

Calcium, total (mg/dL)

9.7-12.4

11.5-13.0

7.1-11.6

11.2-13.6

Calcium, ionized (mg/dL)

4.8-6.2

5.7-6.5

3.5-5.8

5.6-6.5

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

5.6-6.5

5.0-7.3

5.3-9.6

3.1-5.6

Magnesium (mg/dL)

1.8-2.3

2.2-2.8

1 .1-1 .5

2.2-2.8

57-162

166-222

pH (venous)
PC02 (venous) (mm of Hg)

Minerals

Iron (pg/dL)
Iron hinding capacity (pg/dL)

110-350

73-140

91-199

270-557

270-390

Renal function

Urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

6.0-27

8.0-20

10-30

10-24

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.0-2.0

1.2-1.9

1.0-2.7

0.9-1 .9

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0. 01-0.5

0.1-0.5

0-10

1 .0-2 .0

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.04-0.44

Bile acids (pg/mL)

<50

Liver function

0-0.27

0-0.3

<9

0-0.4
4-8

Metabolites

Ammonia (pg/dL)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Free fatty acids (mg/L)
Glucose (mg/dL)

13-110
65-220
< 30
45-75

43-103

28-48

46-180

85-150

75-115

30-100
50-80

Ketones
Acetoacetate (mg/dL)

0-1 .1

0 .24-0 .36

0.24-0.36

Acetone (mg/dL)

0-10

0-10

0-10

-hydroxybutyrate (mg/dL)

5.9-13.9

4.7-6.7

0.55-0.80

Lactate (mg/dL)

5-20

9-12

10-16

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

0-14

4-44

Hormones

Cortisol (pg/dL)
Thyroxine (T4) (pg/dL)

0.47-0.75

1 .40-3.10

2.6-3.3

4.2-8.6

1.3-2.9
See Table 29.8

Triiodothyronine (T3) (ng/dL)

See Table 29.8

Enzymes

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (units/L)

11-40

22-38

31-58

3-23

0-500

70-390

120-400

140-4003

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (units/L)

78-132

60-280

32-84

220-600

Creatine kinase (units/L)

35-280

Alkaline phosphatase (units/L)

Amylase (units/L)

75-150
145-380

GOT see AST

GPT see ALT
'Y-glutamyl transferase (units/L)

6.1-17.4

20-52

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (units/L)

9.4-21.9

0.5-8.0

10-60

4-44
5-18

Appendix 2

Serum constituents (US units) (cont'e/)

Cattle

Sheep

Lactate dehydrogenase (units/L)

692-1445

240-440

380-630

160-410

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (units/L)

4.3-15.3

5.8-28

1.0-5.8

1 . 9-5.8

Total protein (g/dL)

5.7-8.1

6.0-7.9

3.5-6.0

6.0-7.7

Albumin (g/dL)

2.1-3.6

2.4-3.0

1.9-2.4

2.9-3.8

Cattle

Sheep

Swine

Horses

Sodium (mmoIlL)

132-152

145-152

140-150

132-146

Potassium (mmoI/L)

3.9-5.8

3 .9-5 .4

4.7-7.1

3.0-5.0

Chloride (mmoI/L)

95-110

95-103

94-103

98-110

Swine

Horses

Protein

Serum constituents (International u nits, 51)

Electrolytes

Osmolality (mmol/kg)

270-306

270-290

Acid:base status

7.35-7.50

7.32-7.50

7.32-7.46

PC0 2 (venous) (mm of Hg)

34-45

38-45

38-46

Bicarbonate (mEq/L)

20-30

21-28

18-27

23-32

To tal carbon dioxide (mEq/L)

20-30

20-28

17-26

22-31

2.43-3.10

2.88-3.20

1.78-2.90

2.80-3.44

pH (venous)

Minerals

Calcium, total (mmollL)

1.2-1 .6

1 .4-1.6

0.9-1 .4

1 .4-1 .7

Phosphoms (mmoI/L)

1 .08-2.76

1.62-2.36

1.30-3.55

0. 70-1 .68

Magnesium (mmoI/L)

0.78-1.60

0. 74-1 .20

Calcium, ionized (mmoIlL)

0.74-1 .10

0.90-1.26

Iron (pmoI/L)

10-29

30-40

Iron binding capacity (pmoIlL)

20-63

13-25
48-100

45-73

Renal function

Urea nitrogen (mmollL)

Creatinine (pmoIlL)

2.0-7.5

3.0-10.0

3.0-8.5

3.5-7.0

67-175

70-105

90-240

110-170

0.17-8.55

1 .71-8.55

0-17.1

Liver function

Total bilimbin (pmollL)

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin (pmoIlL)
Bile acids (pmollL)

0.7-7.54
<120

0-4.61

0-5 . 1

<25

7.1-35
0-6.8
10-20

Metabolites

7.6-63.4

Ammonia (pmoI/L)
Cholesterol (mmoI/L)

1.0-5.6

1.05-1.50

3.05-3.10

1 .20-4.6

Glucose (mmoIlL)

2.5 - 4.2

2.8-4.4

4.7-8.3

4.2-6.4

0.0-0.11

0.026-0.034

Ketones
Acetoacetate (mmoIlL)
Acetone (mmoIlL)
- hydroxybutyrate (mmoI/L)
Lactate (mmoI/L)
Triglyceride (mmoIlL)

0-1.7

0.023-0.035

0-1.7

0-1.7

0.35-0.47

0.47-0 .63

0.052-0.076

0.6-2.2

1 .0-1.3

1 . 1-1 .8

0-0.2

0. 1-0.5

Hormones

Cortisol (nmoIlL)

13-21

Thyroxine (T4) (nmoI/L)

54-110

42-82

76-88

36-81
See Table 29.8
See Table 29.8

Triiodo thyronine (T3) (nmoI/L)

Enzymes

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (units/L)

Alkaline phosphatase (units/L)

11-40

22-38

31-58

3-23

0-500

70-390

120-400

140-4003

78-132

60-280

32-84

220-600

75-150

Amylase (units/L)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (units/L)

2049

Appendix 3

Horses

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval

Route

Carprofen

0.7-1.4

24

IV

Casein (iodinated)

0.01

24

PO

Cefamandole

10-30

4-8

IV, IM

Cefazolin sodium

10-20

6-8

IV

Cefoperazone sodium

30-50

6-8

IV, IM

Cefotaxime sodium

20-30

6-8

IV

Cefoxitin sodium

20

4-6

IV

Cefopodoxime prolexitil

10-12

8-12

PO (foals)

Ceftiofur sodium

2.2-5
10 (foals)

12-24
6

IV, IM
IV (slow)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

250 TD

SD

IMM

1 .1-2.2

24

IM, IV

Ceftiofur crystalline
free acid

6.6

SD or 7 days

SC into
posterior
aspect of ear

Ceftiofur hydrochloride

125 TD
500 TD
(dry cow)

24
SD

IMM
IMM

Cefuroxime

250 TD

12

IMM

Cephacetrile sodium

250

SD

IMM

Drug

Ceftriaxone sodium

25-50

(h)

12

IV, IM

Cephalexin

25-33

PO

Cephalothin sodium

10-30

IM, IV

55

SC

Cephapirin sodium

20-30
50

8-12
8-12

IM, IV
PO

200 TD

12

IMM

300, TD

SD

IMM

1-3 g

8-12

PO

Cephaparin benzathine
Charcoal (activated)

1-3 g

8-12

PO

Chloral hydrate

20-200
40-100

SD
6-12

IV
PO

Chloramphenicol palmitate

25-50

6-8

PO

NR

Chloramphenicol
sodium succinate

20-60

6-8

IV, IM

NR

Chlorpromazine
hydrochloride

SD

IM

0.22-1 .0
(cattle)
0.6-4.4 (sheep
and goats)

SD

IM

SD

IM

6-10
10-20

24
24

IM, IV
PO

2500-5000 iu,
TD (cattle)
10,000 iu, TD
(cattle)
250-1000 iu,
TD

SD

IV

SD

IM

SD

IV, IM

8-16
100

8
8

IV
PO

0.5, TD (cattle)
0.06-0.13, TD
(goats and
sheep)

SD

IM

NR
Chlortetracycline
Chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG)

1000-3000
IU, TD

SD

IM, IV, SC

Cimetidine hydrochloride

6.6
18

4-6
8

IV
PO

Cisapride

0.1
0.5-1.0

8-12
8-12

IV
PO

Clenbuterol

0.000812
0.0032
(0.8-3.2 }Ig/kg)
0.0008
12

PO

IV

Cloquinol

0.02

12-24

PO

Cloprostenol sodium

0.1, TD

SD

IM

Appendix 3

Horses

Dose
(mglkg)

Drug

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Interval
(h)

Route

Dimophebumine
hydrochloride

Dinoprost
tromethamine

0.002-0.01

SD

1M

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

1 .0-1.5 g,
TD (cattle)
150-250, TD
(sheep)

SD

1M

SD

1M

25 TD (cattle,
estrus
induction)
25 TD (cattle,
abortifacient)
8 TD (ewe,
estrus induction)
8 TD (doe,
estrus induction
10-15 TD
(ewe,
abortifacient)
5-10 TD (doe,
abortifacient)

10-12 days

1M

SD

1M

days 5 and
1 1 of cycle
days 4 and
1 1 of cycle

1M
1M

1M
<60 days
pregnancy
entire
pregnancy

1M
1M

Dioctyl sodium
sulfosuccinate (DSS)

10-20

48 (limit
2 doses)

PO

Diphenhydramine
hydrochloride

0.25-1

6-8

N, IM

0.5-1.0

6-8

N, IM

Diprenorphine

0.03 (horses)
0.015
(donkeys)

SD

0.03 (cattle)
0.015 (sheep)

SD

Dipyrone

11-22

SD, 8

N, IM

50

SD

IM, N, SC

Dobutamine hydrochloride

1-10 flg

Infusion per
min

2-10 flg

Infusion
per min.

0.2

SD

IM, SC

5-10

SD

Docusate

see

Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

Domperidone

0.2
1.1

SD, 12
24

N
PO

Dopamine hydrochloride

1-10 flg

Infusion
per min.

Doramectin
Doxapram hydrochlOride

0.02-1

SD

Doxycycline

10

12

PO (do not
use N)

Doxylamine succinate

0.55

1M, Sc, N
(slow)

0.5

12

PO, IM, SC

Edetate calcium disodium

(EDTA)

75

24

N (slow,
dilute)

67

12

N (slow)

Edrophonium chloride

0.5-1

SD

0.5-1.0

SD

Enrofloxacin

5
7.5

12
24

PO
PO

7.5-12.5
2.5-5.0

SD
24

SC
SC

Ephedrine sulfate

0.7

12

PO

Epinephrine (1:1000)
(1:10 000)

0.01 mL
0.1-0.2

SD
SD

IM, SC
1M, SC

0.01-0.02 mL
0.1-0.2 mL

SD
SD

IM, SC
N

Erythromycin base

0.1
(for ileus)

infusion
per hour

2.2-15

12-24

1M

Erythromycin estolate,
ethylsuccinate

25-37.5

6-12

PO

4-44

12-24

1M

300 TD

12

IMM

2055

App,nd"..

Horses

Dose
(mg/kg)

Drug

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Interoal
(h)

Route

Erythromycin

Dose
(mg/kg)

Interval
(h)

Route

600 m (dry
cows)
300 m
(lactating
cows)

SD

IMM

12

IMM

4-10

SD, 24

1M

Estradiol

10-15 TD
(estrus
induction)
1

SD

1M

SD

1M

Estrone sulfate

0.04

12

1M

Famotidine

1 .S-3.3
0.2-0.4

S
6-S

PO
N

Febantel

SD

PO

5-10

SD

PO

Fenbendazole

5 (usual)
10
50

SD
SD
SD, 24

PO
PO
PO

5-10

SD

PO

Fenoterol

2-4

6-12

IH

Fenprostalene

0.001

SD

1M

0.002

SD

SC

Ferrous sulfate

10-20

24

PO

10-30

24

PO

Fentanyl (transdermal)

2 x 20 mg patch per 400 kg

20
40

4S
SD

1M
1M

1.1-2.2

12-24

IM, N

5 TD

12

1M, SC

5
10 (calves)

12
24

1M
PO

Florfenicol
Fluconazole

24

PO

Flumazenil

0.001-0.004

SD

N (slow)

Flumethasone

0.002-0.00S

SD

1M, IV, IA

Flunixin meglumine

0.25-1.0

6-24

IV, 1M, PO

Fluoroprednisolone acetate

0.01-0.04

SD

1M

Fluprostenol

0.55 J.lg

SD

1M

Fluticasone

2-4 )lg/kg

6-12

IH

Folic acid

40-75 TD

SD

1M, PO

Folinic acid

50-100 m

SD, 24

PO

Follicle stimulating
hormone

10-50 m

SD

IV, 1M, SC

Framycetin sulfate
Frusemide

see

Furosemide

Furazolidone

PO

10 (calves)

24

PO

Furosemide

0.25-3

SD

N, IM

0.5-4

12-24

1M

SD

0.5 then 0.1 to

effect (cattle)
0.4 (sheep)

SD

SD

2.2-6.6
100-150 m

12-24
12

1M
IMM

lS0 mL TD
(cattle)
90 mL m
(sheep)

12

PO

12

PO

Gallamine triethiodide

then
increments
of 0.2
2.2
6.6

Gentamicin sulfate
Glauber's salts

see

S
24

N, IM
N, IM

sodium sulfate

Glycerol

Glycerol guaiacolate
ether see Guaifenesin

110

SD

Glycopyrrolate

0.001-0.01

SD, 12-24

IV, 1M

Glycopyrronium bromide

see

Glycopyrrolate

Appendix 3

Horses

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

Glycosaminoglycan,
polysulfated

250 m
1

SD, 7 days
5 days

lA
1M

Drug

Gonadorelin

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

100 g m

SD

1M

Griseofulvin

10

24

PO

10-20

24

PO

Guaifenesin

110, give
first 1/3rd to
cause
recumbency

SD

66-130

SD

Haloxon

50-70

SD

PO

Hemoglobin (bovine,
polymerized)

10-30 mLlkg

SD

0.25-0.5

12-24

N, 1M

0.1-1

SD, 24

1M, N

1.2

SD

SC

0.15-0.3 u

36

SC

66

SD

1M

SD

1M

0.2

SD

SC, IM

Heparin

30-100

6-12

SC, N

Hetastarch

10-20 mL

SD

N slow

Hyaluronate sodium

10-50 m
1

SD
96

IA

Hydralazine

0.5-1.5

12

PO

Hydrochlorthiazide

0.5

24

PO

1M

Hydrocortisone
Hydroxyzine
hydrochloride or pamoate

0.5-1.0

12

1M, PO

Hyoscine (scopolamine
hydrobromide)

0.3

SD

1mipenemcilastatin sodium

15-20

4-6

1midocarb diproprionate

2-4

24

1M

Imipramine

0.55-1.5

IM, N, PO

Insulin, protamine zinc

suspension

0.15 u

12

IM, SC

Interferon alfa -2a,

human recombinant

0.1-0.3 u

24

PO

Iodide sodium

20--40

24

PO

Todochlorhydroxyquin

20

24

PO

Ipratropium

2-3 g

4-6

IH

Iron cacodylate

SD

Iron dextran
Isoflupredone acetate

0.02

SD

1M

Isoniazid

5-20

24

PO

Isoproterenol

0.4

SD

N (slow)

Isoxsuprine hydrochloride

0.4-1 .2

12

PO

Itraconazole

12

PO

Ivermectin

0.2

SD

PO

Kaolin pectate

2-4 mL

12

PO

0.25-1 mL

PO

Ketamine hydrochloride
(after appropriate
premedication)

1.1

SD

2
4

SD
SD

N
1M

Ketoconazole

10-30

12-24

PO

Ketoprofen

2.2

12

1M, N

2--4

24

1M, N

0.3-0.7
(goats)

IM, N, Sc, PO

24

PO

5.5-11
3.3-8

SD
SD

PO
SC

Ketorolac tromethamine
Lactulose

120-300

12

PO

Lasalocid
Levamisole

8-11

24

PO

Appendices

Horses

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

Levothyroxine

0.02

24

PO

Lidocaine

1.3 mg/kg
Infusion
as bolus then
0.05 mg/kg/min

Lincomycin
hydrochloride

NR

Drug

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

5-10

12-24

1M

Loperamide

0.1-0.2

Lufeneron

5-20

24

PO

Luprostiol

7.5 TD

SD

1M

7.5-15 TD
(cattle)

SD

1M

Magnesium hydroxide

0.5 mL

PO

400-450 g,
TD (cattle)
10-30 g, TD
(sheep)

8-24

PO

8-24

PO

1000-2000

SD

PO

0.1
0.02

SD
SD (with
calcium
gluconate)

SC
N (slow)

1-3

SD

24

IM, N, SC

PO

Magnesium oxide
Magnesium sulfate

0.2-1.0
2.2-6 (for
ventricular
tachycardia)

24
1 min

PO
N boluses
every minute
until conversion
or total dose
of 60 mg/kg

50 mg/kg/h
for 1 h then
25 mg/kg/h
as CRI (for
presumed
neonatal
hypoxic
encephalopathy)
Mannitol

0.25-2.0

SD

N (slow)

Marbofloxacin
Mebendazole

8.8-20

SD, 24

PO

Meclofenamic acid

2.2

12-24

PO

Meloxicam

0.6

24

N, PO

0.5

SD, 24

IV SC, 1M

Meperidine

2-4
0.2-0.4

SD
SD

1M,
N (slow)

3-4

SD

1M, SC

Methadone hydrochloride

0.05-0.2

SD

N, IM

Methicillin

25

4-6

Methionine-DL

20-50

24

PO

50

24

PO

Methocarbamol

5-55
40-60

6
24

N
PO

110

SD

Methylene blue

NR

4.4-8.8

SD

Methylprednisolone or
methylprednisolone
sodium succinate

0.5-1 .0
0.5-1.0
10-20
(shock)

24
24
SD

PO
N
N

Methylprednisolone
acetate

0.5

SD, as
necessary

1M

Metoclopramide

0.02-0.25

6-8

IV

0.1-1.0

6-12

IV 1M

Metronidazole

15-25

20-25

12

N, IM, PO,
PR
IV 1M, PO,
PR

Appendix 3

Horses

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval

Mezlocillin

25-75

Midazolam hydrochloride

0.011-0.044

SD

Mineral oil

10 mL

SD, 8

PO

Minocycline

12

PO

Misoprostol

1-4 !J.g

12-24

PO

Drug

(h)

Route

Monensin
Morantel tartrate

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

8 mL

SD

PO

24

PO

8-10

SD

PO

l-lO TD
(sheep
and goats)

SD

1M

0.4

SD

SC, PO

Morphine sulfate

0.2-0.8

SD

1M, N
(slow)

Moxalactam

50

1M, N

Moxidectin

0.4

SD

PO

Nafcillin

10

1M

Naloxone

0.01-0.02

SD

Naproxen

5-10

12-24

PO

Neomycin

2-6
4.4

6-12
8-12

PO
N

3-6
88

6-12
8

PO
SC

Neostigmine

0.004-0.02

SD, 6

SC

0.02

SD

SC

Netilmicin

8-12

N, 1M
7.5

SD

PO

10-15

SD

SC

Netobimin
Niclosamide

100

SD

PO

Nitazidine

6.6

PO

Nitazoxanide

25 for days
1-5, then
50 for
days 6-28

24

PO

Nitrofurantoin

2.5-5

PO

Nitroglycerin

15 TD
(topical over
each
digital
artelY)

24

topical

Norepinephrine

0.01

SD

1M

Novobiocin

400 TD
(dry cow)
150 TD
Oactating
cow)

SD

1MM

24

1MM

250 0001 000 000

SD

IU

Nitroxynil

Nystatin
Omeprazole

1-4

24

PO

Oxacillin

25-50

8-12

1M, N

Oxfendazole

10

SD

PO

2.5

SD

PO

Oxibendazole

10

SD

PO

10-20

SD

PO

10-15

SD

PO

Oxymorphone

0.01-0.02

SD

1M, N

Oxytetracycline

3.3-6.6
30-40 (foals)

12-24
SD

N (slow)
N

5-20
300-400 TD

12-24
12

N, IM
1MM

Oxytocin

0.05-0.1
(induction
of foaling)
0.01-0.02
(retained

SD

1M

1-1.5

1M

1-1.5

1M

0.05-0 . 1
(retained
placenta)
0.025-0.05
(milk let down)

SD

Oxydozanide

2059

__

Appendices

Horses

Drug

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

0.04-0.066

SD

IV

Pancuronium

Pantoprazole

1.5

24

IV or PO

Paromomycin

100

24

PO

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

0.04 then
O.OOS (cattle)
0. 025 then
0.005 (sheep)

SD

IV

SD

IV

Penicillamine

3-4

PO

52

24

PO

Penicillin G, benzathine

10 00040 000 iu

4S-72

1M

44 000-66 000 iu

4S-72

1M, SC

Penicillin G, procaine

20 00050 000 iu

12-24

1M

10 000-60 000 iu

12-24

1M, SC

Penicillin G, sodium or
potassium

10 00050 000 iu

6-S

IV, 1M

Penicillin V, potassium

66 000110 000

6-S

PO

Pentazocine

0.33

SD

IV, 1M, SC

Pentobarbital

SD
2-20
(to effect)
120-200 FOR SD
EUTHANASIA

IV

30 (to effect)

SD

IV

IV

120-200 FOR
EUTHANASIA

SD

IV

10

24

PO

4
10-20 (loading
dose) then
5-10

24
24-4S

IV
PO

0.5-2.5

SD, S

IV (slow), 1M

50 ID

12-24

1MM

22-44

24

PO

Pentobarbitone

see

pentobarbital

Pentosan sulfate
Pentoxyfylline

250 (ID)

7 days

IA

7 days

1M

12

PO

Pergolide

0.002-0.01

24

PO

Perphenazine

0.3-0.5

12

PO

Phenobarbitol

5-25
10

SD, S
S

IV
PO

Phenothiazine

55

SD

PO

Phenoxybenzamine
hydrochloride

0.6
0.6-1 .2

6-S
12

IV
PO

Phenylbutazone

2-4 .4

12-24

PO, IV

Phenylephrine
hydrochloride

0.02- 0.04

SD

IV (over 10 min)

Phenytoin sodium

SD
5-10
then 1-5
4-S
(for seizures) 12
10-12 (for
rhabdomyolysis)
12
10-22 (for
arrhythmias)

IV
IV, 1M, PO
PO

Physostigmine

0.1-0.6

SD

1M, IV

Phytonadione (vitamin Kl)

0.5-2.5

SD, 4-6

IV (slow)

Piperazine

110-200

SD

PO

Pipercillin

15-50

6-12

IV, IM

Pirbuterol

0.001-0.002

12-24

1H

20

12

PO

Pethidine see meperidine

IV (slow), 1M

Pirlimycin
Pivampicillin sodium
Poloxalene

Appendix 3

Horses

Drug

Polysulfated
glycosaminoglycan

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Route

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval

1
0.5

96
96

IA

(h)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

6000

SD

IM

Polymixin B

6000

SD

Ponazuril

5-10

24

PO

Potassium bromide

20-40

24

PO

Potassium iodide

4-40

24

PO

1 .5

24

Potentiated sulfonamide (see sulfonamide/trimethoprim)

Pralidoxime chloride

20-50

4-6

25-50

SD, 6

N (slow)

Praziquantel

10

SD

PO

10-15

SD

PO

Prednisolone

0.2-4.4

12-24

IM, PO

1-4

SD, 24

Prednisolone sodium
succinate

0.25-1.0

SD

Primidone

10-20

6-12

PO

Procainamide

0.5 to total
dose of 4

10 min

Progesterone

0.3-0.6

24

IM

Promazine

0.25-1
1-2

SD
SD

N
PO

Propafenone

0.5-1.0

SD

Propantheline bromide

0.014

SD

Propofol

2.4
Infusion
(induction)
0.3
(maintenance)

Propranolol

0.03-0.3
0.4-0.8

110-225 mL
TD (cattle)
110 mL TD
(sheep)

24

PO

24

PO

0.2

SD

25

SD

PO

1-3

SD

N, IM

50

Over
4 hours
6

PO

12
8

N
PO

Propylene glycol

Protamine sulfate

,1

Prostaglandin F2u.

0.02

SD

1M

Pysyllium mucilloid

500

12-24

PO

Pyrantel pamoate

6.6

SD

PO

Pyrantel tartrate

2.6

SD

PO

Pyrilanline maleate

0.8-1.3

6-12

N, IM, SC

Pyrimethamine

1-2

24

PO

Quinidine, gluconate

22

2-4

PO

0.5-2.2

N
10 min until
conversion
to sinus
rhythm or
suppression
of arrhythmia

Ranitidine hydrochloride

6.6
1.5

6-12
6-12

PO
N

Reserpine

2-5

24

PO

Rifampin

5-10

12

PO

Romifidine

0.04-1.0

SD

N, IM

Salmeterol

0.0005-0.001

6-12

IH

Scopolamine
hydrobromide

See hyoscine

210 loading
dose then
180

50

PO

2061

Appendices

Horses

Dose
(mglkg)

Drug

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Interval
(h)

Route

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval
(h)

Route

See text (p. 1735-1736)

Selenium

60 g in 300 mL water N and SC every 24 h for

adult cattle

Sodium acid phosphate

Sodium chloride
(hypertonic, 7.0%)

4 mL

SD

4 mL

SD

Sodium sulfate

1-2

SD, 24

PO

1-2

SD

PO

Sodium thiosulfate

30-40

SD

660 (cyanide
poisoning)
1 (copper
poisoning)

SD

24

PO

Spectinomycin

20

1M

20

12-24

N, IM, SC

Stanozolol

0.55

168

1M

SD

1M

Stilbestrol

0.3

SD

1M

Streptomycin

11

12

IM, SC

11

12

1M, SC

Succinylcholine chloride

0.09-0.11

Sd

Sucralfate

10-20

6-12

PO
88-110
30-50 (calves)

12-24
8

N
PO

55-110
55 then 28

24
24

PO
N

100-200
loading dose
then 50-100

SD

24

15

12-24

Sulfachlorpvridazine
Sulfadimethoxine

55

24

Sulfadimidine

15

12-24

1M, N (slow)

20

24

SC, 1M, IV, IP

Sulfonamidcltrimethorprim

15-30

12-24

PO, IV, 1M

15-30
15-30
(pre-ruminan t
calves)

12-24
12-24

IM, N
PO

Suxamethonium chloride

0.1

SD

0.02

SD

Terbutaline sulfate

0.02-0.06
0.002

6-12
SD

PO
N

Tetanus antitoxin

3 iu (tetanus
prophylaxis)
100 iu
(treatment
of tetanus)

SD

IM, N, SC

72-120

1M, IV, SC

Sulfadoxine/trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxypyridazine

Tctracylcine

see

1M, SC, N

oxytetracycline hydrochloride

Theophylline

8-12

8-12

PO

Thiabendazole

44

SD

PO

50-100

SD

PO

Thiamine hydrochloride

0.5-5

SD

N, IM, PO

5-50

12

IV, 1M

(vitamin B1)
Thiamylal sodium

2-4

SD

N (to effect)

4.4-8.8

SD

Thiopental

4-10

SD

8-16

SD

2.4-4.8 g, TD
(cattle)
240-480, TD
(sheep)

SD

PO

Thiophanate

Thyroxine L

0.01

24

PO

Ticarcillin (with or without

clavulanate)

50

6-8

N, IM

Tiletamine hydrochloride
with zolazepam
hydrochloride

1.6-2.2

SD

Appendix 3

Horses

Ruminants <cattle, sheep, goats)

Dose
(mglkg)

Interval

Tobramycin

1-2

Tocopherol acetate
(vitamin E)

10-15 iu

24

PO

Tolazoline

SD

N slowly

Triamcinolone acetonide

0.1-0.2
6-18 TD

SD
SD

1M, SC

Trichlorphon

35-40

SD

PO

Trilostane

0.4-1 .0

24

PO

Tripelenamine hydrochloride

6-12

Tubocurarine chloride

0.3 then
0.05

SD

Drug

Route

(h)

Tilmicosin

4-8

Verapamil
Veruconium bromide

Route

10

72

SC

SD

SC

SD

1M

12

8-10 weeks

PO

1M

1.1

6-12

IV, 1M

0.06
0.01
0.04
0.01

SD, to
effect
SD, to
effect

2.5

SD

SC

17

24

1M

0.04 then 0.01

(sheep)

SD to effect

IA

Tulathromycin
NR

Interval
(h)

140-200 TD

Triclabendazole

Tylosin

Dose
(mglkg)

0.02-0.04

Trenbolone acetate

Vancomycin

6-12

0.025-0.5

SD

N (slow)

0.1 then
0.02

SD, to
effect

Vitamin Bl see thiamine

then
(cattle)
then
(sheep)

See text

Vitamin C see ascorbic acid

Vitamin E see tocopherol acetate
6-10 iu

24

PO

0.02 then
slowly
increasing to
effect

24

PO

Xylazine hydrochloride

0.1-1.1

SD

IV, 1M

0.05-0.15

SD

IV, 1M

Yohimbine hydrochloride

0.075

SD

0.125

SD

36-72 TD

SD

SC

Vitamin E micellated
(water soluble)
Vitamin Kl see phytonadione
Warfarin sodium

Zeranol

Sources: Bishop Y. The Veterinary Formulary, 5th edn. London: The Pharmaceutica I Press, 2001 . Plumb DC. Veterinary Drug Handbook,
2005 (accessed online through ww.VIN.com), and other sources.

'-

Appendices

Appendix 4
DRUG DOSES AND INTERVALS FOR PIGS
Suggested drug doses and intervals for pigs, and concentrations of medicaments in feed. Dosages listed are general recommendations
and may not be optimal or efficacious in all instances and may need to be adjusted depending on the disease, its severity, patient factors
such as age or diet, and because of regulatory considerations regarding milk and meat withholding times in food animals.
Manufacturer's recommendations should be checked before administering any drug and the effect on withholding time of varying from
the manufacturer's recommendation regarding dosing should be considered. Local regulations regarding use of drugs in animals that
may be used for human food should be consulted.

Doses are given in milligrams per kilogram body weight (mg/kg) unless otherwise stated (g gram, iu international units) . Drugs
given as total doses are denoted byTD. Dosing interval is given in hours, unless otherwise stated, or unless given as a single dose (SD) .
The route of administration is indicated as: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), oral (PO), subcutaneous (SC), or intraperitoneal (IP) .
One ton 1016 kg.
=

Pigs

Drug

Acepromazine maleate

Dose (mglkg) or
(Concentration
in feed or water)

0.03-0.5
6-8

Interval

(h)

Route

IV; IM, PO

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)

10

SD
SD
4

Albendazole

5-10

SD

PO

Amoxicillin trihydrate

6.6-22
6.6-22

IM
PO

Ampicillin sodium

6-8

8-24
12-24
8

Acetazolamide

IM, N, SC
PO

IM, SC

Ampicillin trihydrate

4.4-22

8-24

IM

Amprolium hydrochloride

25-65

PO

Apramycin sulfate

10-20
(150 g/ton)

12-24
24

Arsanilate, sodium

(700 mg per 4 L drinking water for 7 days)

PO

Aspirin see Acetylsalicylic acid

Atropine sulfate

0.02-0.04

SD

IM

Azaperone

1-2

SD

IM

Bacitracin zinc
Bacitracin methylene disalicylate
Baquiloprim/sulfadimidine

(10-50 g/ton)
(250 g/ton)
10

24

IM

Bismuth subsalicylate

2-5 mL, TD (piglets) (900)

0.2-0.5

6-12
24

PO

Bromhexine hydrochloride
Calcium gluconate

150-250

SD

IV; IM, Sc, IP

Carbadox
Ceftiofur sodium

(50 g/ton)
3-5

24

IM

Ceftiofur hydrochloride

3-5

24-158

IM

Chloramphenicol palmitate

NR

Chloramphenicol sodium succinate

NR

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride

0.6-3.3

SD

N, IM

Chlortetracycline

10-20
(50-100 g/ton)
300, TD

24

PO

12

PO

0.18, TD
3.5

SD
SD

0.06 (1-10, TD)

SD, 24

IM
N
IM

Dexamethasone 21-isonicotinate

0.02-0.1
0.55-5.5
17
(334-500 g/ton)

SD, 96
SD

IM

Diazepam

SD

PO

Cimetidine hydrochloride
Cloprostenol sodium
Dantrolene sodium
Dexamethasone

IM, PO

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate

see Dexamethasone

Dichlorvos

IM

Appendix 4

Pigs

Drug

's
s

Interval
(h)

Route

10-25

24

PO

15 TD then 10 TD
(estrus induction)
5-10 TD (abortifacient)
10-25 TD (induce
parturition)

separate doses
by 12 hours
SD
SD

1M
1M
1M

Diprenorphine

0.03

SD

Dipyrone
Doxapram hydrochloride

50

SD

1M, IV, SC

SD
8

Doxylamine succinate

5-10
0.5

Edrophonium chloride

0.5-1.0

SD

Enrofloxacin

2.5

SD

1M

0.01-0.02 mL
0.1-0.2
2.2-22
5
3
(10-80 g/ton)

SD
SD

1M, SC
N
1M

Dimetridazole
Dinoprost tromethamine

3.
n

it

;s
).
).

Dose (mglkg) or
Concentration
in feed

Epinephrine
(1 :1000)
(1:10 000)
Erythromycin estolate, ethylsuccinate
Fenbendazole

24
SD
24

PO, IM, SC

PO
PO

0.5-2
1.1-2.2

24

PO

Flunixin meglumine

8-12

IV, 1M, SC

Follicle stimulating hormone

1000-1500 iu TD

Furazolidone

5-20 (piglets)

SD
24

1M
PO

Gallamine triethiodide

4 then 0.8 to effect

2.2
5.0

SD

Gentamicin sulfate

N
PO, IM
PO, 1M

Griseofulvin

20

Guaifenesin

44-88
(12 g/ton)

Ferrous sulfate

Hygromycin B

24
SD
24

PO

SD

N
1M
1M / PO

Iron dextran

100-200, TD (piglet)

SD

Ivermectin

0.3
1.8-11.8 g/ton

SD

Kaolin pectate
Ketamine hydrochloride (after
appropriate premedication)

0.2 mL

PO

11

SD

1M

Levamisole

8
0.8 g/kg

SD

PO

Lincomycin hydrochloride

11
2-10
(40-200 g/ton)

24
24

1M
PO

Luprostiol

7.5 TD

SD

1M

Mannitol

1-3
2

SD

Marbofloxacin

24

N
1M, IV, SC

Mineral oil

2-8

SD

PO

Morphine sulfate

0.2-0.9

SD

1M

Moxidectin
Neomycin sulfate
Neostigmine

0.4
7-12
0.06

SD

SC, PO

12
SD

PO
1M

Oxibendazole

15
3-4.5

SD

PO

SD

PO

Oxymorphone

0.075 (with ketamine

and xylazine)

SD

Oxytetracycline

2-10 / 10-30

12-24 / 12-24

1M, SC / PO

Oxytocin

0.1-0.2 (agalactia)
(2-10 iu)

3-4

1M

Oxfendazole