12845

, &

ASHRAE , 09 2012

.
..
moisidis@hol.gr

1.
, ,

.

vs

1872

.
,
(NFPA, FM) (International) ,
,
.
..
Sprinkler
1806.
200 ,
,
12845 , BS5306-part2 (Code
of practice for fire extinguishing installations and equipment in premises)
2

12845 - .

2. .

1806.
John Carey


.

12845 - .

1812. Royal
Theatre , Drury Lane, London. H .
.
1835. Factory Mutual (FM)
1864. Stewart Harrison 1 sprinkler.

.
1872. Phillip W. Prat Harrison
.
1874. Henry S. Parmalaee Prat
sprinklers.
1881. Parmalaee ..


.
4
12845 - .

1885. John Wormald 1 &

sprinklers Mutual Fire Insurance Corporation of
Manchester.

5
12845 - .

1890. Frederick Grinnell

&
sprinkler
,

.

1895.
National Fire Protection Association
(N.F.P.A)
1896. 1 NFPA13

1940. NFPA13

. :
(LH,OH,EH)

6
12845 - .

1953. CEA
(Comit Europen de Assurances)

1979. BS5306-part2
Code of practice for fire extinguishing
installations and equipment in premises)
1981.
(.) . 7

NFPA13 & NFPA 14 1972.
1986. ..
.... 2451/86 . BS5603
CEA .
7
12845 - .

 1980-1990
&
(APSAD-, LPC-, VdS-), 1980
.
1990. CEN (Comit Europen de
Normalisation)
- sprinklers
2004.
12845
(
, & ).
2009.
1 &2 12845 + 2
2009.
CEA CEA
4001 (Sprinkler Systems-Planning & Installations)
8
12845 - .

3.

3/81 (.) & (sprinklers)

2451/86 :


12259
.
All components shall be
Approved & CE marked

9
12845 - .

4. &

12845
671
12259
2451/86

AS-, &
.
E S

CEA 4001

AS planning & installation

NFPA 13
NFPA 13R
NFPA 14
NFPA 20
NFPA 22
NFPA 24

standard for the installation of AS

installation of AS in residential occupancies
standpipes & hose systems
fire pumps
water tanks
private fire service mains

FM DS2-0
FM DS8-1
FM DS8-9

installation guidelines for AS

commodity classification
storage of class 1,2,3,4&plastic
10

12845 - .

5. 12845 -

&
(water spray)
(deluge)
sprinklers 12259-1

d
K

3/8
57

1/2

3/4

80

115

( )
(ESFR, Large drop, Extended coverage )
11
12845 - .

6. 12845 &

&

Sprinkler

&

12
12845 - .

7. (Hazard Classification of Occupancies)

(LH)

(H)
1,2,3,4

(HHP)
1,2,3,4

(HHS)
I,II,III,IV

Annex

Annex C
Annex A

Annex A

Annex A

Annex G
12845 - .

(Aerosols 13
.)

 Annex A (LH,OH,HHP)

14
12845 - .

 Annex B,C,G ( HHS)

&

(%)

Annex B

Annex C

15
12845 - .

8.

- Wet pipe systems

(loop) (grid)

Dry pipe systems

> 70 C

& Alternate systems

Pre-action systems


16
12845 - .



10.000 m2 (LH) 12000 m2 (OH) 9000 m2 (HH) ,

&
,

( ) < 60 sec

45m

, = 45 m

45m

17
12845 - .

 : DENSITY OVER DEMAND AREA

(lpm/m2)

WET- (m2)

DRY- (m2)

(m2)

LH

2.25

84

OH1

21

OH-1

72

90

OH-2

144

180

216

270

360

HHP-1

OH-3

5.0

OH-4
HHP-1

7.5

260

325

HHP-2

10.0

260

325

HHP-3

12.5

260

325

HHP-4

, :

50m2
2,4m

4 HHS

12

(deluge) -

S
in-rack sprinklers

ST1

ST2, 3, 4, 5 & 6

4,0 m

3,5 m

3,0m

2,6m

II

2,1m

1,7m

1,2m

1,2m

18
12845 - .

f( & )

= 260 300 m2 ( & )

q = 7.5 30 lpm/m2 ( & )
&
( )

II

ST1

ST2 & ST4

ST3, ST5 &

ST6

7,6m

6,8m

5,7m

12,5 Lpm/m2

12,5 Lpm/m2

10 Lpm/m2

7,5m

6,0m

5,0m

17,5 Lpm/m2

17,5 Lpm/m2

12,5 Lpm/m2

7,2m

6,0m

3,2m

27,5 Lpm/m2

30 Lpm/m2

12,5 Lpm/m2

4,4m

4,4m

3,0m

30 Lpm/m2

30 Lpm/m2

17,5 Lpm/m2

ST1

(m2)

ST4

260 m2

260 m2

ST2

ST3

ST5 & ST6

260 - 300 m2

260 - 300 m2

(. ESFR)

in-rack sprinklers

2-

(Aisle)
19

12845 - .

 in-rack sprinklers =

f( & )

, min.DN100 > 50
p=2,0 bar

q=113.2 lpm ( 1/2)

w

: 3, w 2.4 m
6, 2.4< w 1.2 m
9, w < 1.2 m

w :
(Aisle width)

in-rack sprinklers , :

Smax
2,8m

20
12845 - .

 sprinklers 12259-1

(Lpm / bar 0.5)

Q = KP

CEA 4001
1
FM DS8-9
sprinkler
160
NFPA13
q > 13.9 lpm/m2

2
, (S) 13,5 m ,
in-rack sprinklers, CMSA (Control Mode Specific Application) , :
3/4 ESFR , 200 & 240 375 460 Lpm

1 ESFR , 320 & 360 430 600 Lpm

CEA 4001
21

12845 - .

 CMSA
(Control Mode Specific Application) - NFPA 13 & FM DS 8-9

Response Time Index

RTI 50 (Fast) - RTI 80 (standard)

Required Delivery Density

Actual Delivery Density


0

Lim

RTI

, t(0),


,

12845 - .

22

 FM

45 ft 13.5 m
Sprinklers ESFR 25, K=360 @ 3.5bar, = 675 Lpm
, , ( )

2
2 min.
23
12845 - .

-
(Pre-calculated systems)

Sprinkler

Design point

1-2
2-3
pmax.
3-4 (design area)

4
Most unfavorable
Design area

2
6

(Fully calculated systems)

Design point

Most favorable Design

area

1-4 (unfavorable design area)

1-5 (favorable design area)
24

12845 - .

Qnom

6
Unfavourable
Area

Vmin = Qmax * T

Qmax

T = 30min. LH
60min. OH
90min. HH

1
favourable
Area

Qmax
Qnom.
(Most
unfavorable area).
H Qmax

(Most favorable area).

2
Sprinkler. NFPA13,
(.-hoses, -hydrants).
, , sprinklers.

25
12845 - .

booster

,
(, )
( LH & OH1)

2-

& ( 1)

& ( 2)

& ( 1)

&

( LH&OH1)

2
1


1 & 1

& ( 2)

(Sprinklers & ., )

26
12845 - .

 &

60 min.

sprinklers
4 C

2 : 1 & 1
Qp = 100% Qr
3 : 1 & 2
Qp 50% Qr
Jockey
: Qp < 1 sprinkler

+1 , 1

27

12845 - .

60min

28
12845 - .

pipe schedule

2451 & 12845

NFPA 13

BEST SELLER

29
12845 - .

 Density Over Demand Area

Q = KP

P = (Q/K)2

30
12845 - .

K=80
qs1=12m2**5Lpm/m2=60 lpm

1.
(m2)

Ps1 = (Qs/K)2 = 0.57 bar

2.
d (Lpm/m2)

DN 25, C=120

3.
Q=A*d (Lpm)

L=3m , 1 90o, 1

4. sprinklers
N (.)

Leq=5.27m
P1-2 = 0.09 bar

5. sprinkler
s=Q / N (m2)
6. 4
(4s) (m2)
7.
dm d(4s)=Q(4s) / (4s) d (Lpm/m2)

S1

Ps2=Ps1+P1-2
Pmin ,
sprinkler

p min

LH

8. sprinkler
qs=As * dm q min (lpm)
qs=KPmin

q min

0,70

57

48,0

OH

0,35

80

48,0

HH

0,50

80

57,0

115

82,0

bar

=0.57+0.11=0.66 bar

qs2=KP2 = 65 lpm

lpm

S2

Q=60+65=125 Lpm
31

12845 - .

85 Lpm

78 Lpm

65 Lpm

60 Lpm

A
QA=288 Lpm
PA=1.3 bar
2
320 lpm

B
QB=320 Lpm

3
340 lpm

Q=340 Lpm

b=QA/PA = 253
PB=PA+PA-B = 1.6 bar QB=KbPB=2531.6=320 lpm
P=P+P- = 1.8 bar

Q=KbP=2531.8=340 lpm

Qt=288+320+340=948 lpm
32
12845 - .

Table 16

- LH, OH

140%
70%

Qnom / Pmax & Qmax / Pmin .

0,5 bar

Figure 7

,
2 :
Qnom Pnom
Qmax Pmin

33
12845 - .

9. &

EPANET 2.0
public domain software that may be freely copied and
distributed.
www.epa.gov
Software That Models the Hydraulic and Water Quality
Behavior of Water Distribution Piping Systems

34
12845 - .


sprinkler
16

cv

sp3
h=10m

=80

6
9
10

L=6m
105,3mm
C=120

35
12845 - .

36
12845 - .

26 2451/86 ,
.
12845
,

.

.
..
moisidis@hol.gr

37