UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS. UNIVERSITEITSEKSAMENS UNISA Ise PRT4701 January/February 2014 PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY IV (THEORY) Durston 3 Hours. 100 Marks EXAMINERS FIRST MR E NAUDE SECOND, MR NP BOKORO EXTERNAL DR JL MUNDA Programmable pocket calculator 1s permissible Closed book examination This examination question paper remains the property of the University of South Africa and may not be removed from the examination venue This examination question paper consists of 4 pages including this “cover’ page Answer all the questions2 PRT4701 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 PLEASE NOTE: IF YOU HAVE THE OPINION THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED FOR YOU TO ANSWER A PARTICULAR QUESTION, MAKE A REALISTIC ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. QUESTION 1: TRUE OF FALSE Number on your answer paper 1 1 till 1 10 and state whether the following 1s true or false Please note that a nght answer is worth 2 points but a wrong answer will cause 1 pomt to be DEDUCTED from your points Rather leave the answer than guessing 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Assuming the positive phase sequence, a three phase unbalanced delta load will have the following voltages and currents per phase Vab & le Vee & by ANG Vea & le The current flowing through the A phase ina three phase star connected load without a neutral Is given by Van/Za Where Van = Vav/(Square root of 3) The reactive power Q 1s dependent on a-B, which is the phase angle between voltage and current If >a, Q would be negative Dunng node equations, the required number of symmetrical node equations 's one less than the number of nodes The Zpys can be determined by first finding Yous and then inverting it, but this 1s convenient for large scale systems In simplifying assumptions usually made in industry based fault studies, load impedances are much larger than those of network components and so they can be neglected in system modeling According to Fortescue’s theorem, three unbalanced phasors of a three phase system can be resolved into three balanced systems of phasors The balanced sets of components are positive-sequence components consisting of three phasors equal in magnitude, Most aenal transmission lines have at least two overhead conductors called ground wires, which is grounded at the first and last tower of the line In a cylindrical - rotor machine subtransient and negative sequence reactance are equal Impedances of circurt elements to currents of different sequences are not necessanly equal [TURN OVER} (20)3 PRT4701 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 QUESTION2: 21 22 23 24 Discuss shortly the five simplifying assumptions usually made in industry- based fault studies (10) A 300kV generator with X"s = 02 pu 1s connected to a bus through a circutt breaker A Connected through circuit breakers B, C and D to the same bus are three synchronous motors rated 200KVA, 11kV, 1,0 power factor, 90% efficiency with the same X"y as the generator The motors are operating at full load, unity power factor and rated voltage with the load equally divided between the machines (a) Find the symmetneal short circuit current in amperes which must be interrupted by breakers A and B for a three phase fault at pomt X where point X is between the breaker B and the motor (Use a base of 300kKVA, and 11kV) (11) (b) Repeat (a) above if the three phase fault occurs on the bus itself 2) (c) Repeat (b) above if the three phase fault occurs between the generator and its breaker A (2) (4) Give the maximum currents to be interrupted by beakers A and B (2) ‘Two generators A and B feeds parallel into a network with three buses 1, 2 and 3 respectively Generator A 1s connected to bus 1 and generator B is, connected to bus 3 The impedance between bus 1 and 2 1s 02 pu, the Impedance between bus 2 and bus 3 1s 04 p u and the impedance between 1 and 3 1s |05 pu Assume that no current 1s flowing prior to the fault and that the Profault voltage at bus 2 1s 10L0” pu Use the bus impedance matnx to calculate {a) Draw the Thevenin network for generator A (4) {b) The voltages in pu at buses 1 and 3 for a three phase fault on bus 2 (11) {c) The subtransient current in p u from generator 1 and in line 1-2 (2) A generator is connected to an YNd1 transformer feeding a transmission line The following data apply to the generator Generator 100MVA, 11kV, Transformer JOOMVA, 132kV, X = 9% =02pu Xo=0 15 pu The currents flowing in the transmission lines are In = 184. 82 8° Ip =276L-41 4° Io = 1841. 180° Determine the generator terminal voltages inp u (Use 100MVA and 11kV as base units) (16) [60] [TURN OVER]4 PRT4701, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 QUESTION 3: Each of the machines connected to the two high voltage buses shown in the single diagram below Is rated 100MVA 11kV q P ORG eer DL The reactances of the machines are Xa = X= Xe = 20% Xo= 4% Each three phase transformer is rated 100MVA and 132 Y/11 A kV with leakage reactance of 8% On the base of 100MVA and 132kV the reactances of the transmission line are Xi =X; X= 50% 5% 31 Sketch the positive, negative and zero sequence network of the diagram with the emf's short circuited 32 Find the 2 x 2 bus impedance matnx for each of the three sequence networks 33. Sketch the Z,., equivalent network for a double line to ground fault on bus 1 Exclude the mutual impedances) 34 Ifo prefault current is flowing in the network, find the subtransient current in Amperes to ground for a double line to ground fault on lines B and C at bus 1 35 Repeat 3 4 above for a fault on bus 2 36 When the fault 1s at bus 2, determine the current in phase b of machine 2 if the lines are named so that V,"" leads V,"") by 30° [20] TOTAL 100 © Unisa 2013