Ontap CK

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.
HCM
Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh
N TP
Mn: Mng my tnh
ThS. NGUYN CAO T
E-mail:dat@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Lu v thi cui k
thi
Dng trc nghim.

Ni dung chnh c trong cc chng hc.
Lu xem k ba chng 3, 4, 5.
Sinh vin c php em ti liu giy v my tnh b ti.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
2
Cc ni dung chnh 3 chng 3, 4, 5
Tng truyn ti (Transport layer)

Tng mng (Network layer)
Tng lin kt d liu (Datalink layer)

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
3
Cc ni dung chnh


2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
4
Giao thc v dch v tng truyn ti
Cung cp mt knh lin lc lun l

gia cc tin trnh ng dng trn
nhng my khc nhau
Cc giao thc truyn ti chy trn cc
my u cui
Pha gi: chia thng ip ca ng
dng thnh nhng on
(segment), y xung tng mng
Pha nhn: rp li cc on thnh
thng ip hon chnh, y ln
tng ng dng
cc giao thc tng truyn ti
Internet: TCP v UDP

2011
ng dng
truyn ti
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
ng dng
truyn ti
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
5
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
Giao thc truyn ti Internet

khng phc tp
Dch v n lc ti a, on
UDP c th:
B mt
c giao khng ng trt t
cho ng dng
Ti sao cn c UDP?
Khng-kt-ni:
Khng c bt tay gia ngi

gi v ngi nhn UDP.
mi on UDP c x l c
lp vi nhng on khc.

2011
[RFC 768]
Khng thit lp kt ni (gim

tr)
n gin: khng c cc
trng thi kt ni ngi
gi v ngi nhn
on mo u ca on nh
Khng c kim sot tc
nghn: UDP c th truyn i
vi tc ti a
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
6
UDP (tt)
thng c dng cho

cc ng dng a phng
tin trc tuyn
kh nng chu mt gi
di, ca
on UDP,
d thay i tc
nhng cch dng

UDP khc
DNS
SNMP
truyn ti tin cy qua
UDP: b sung tnh tin cy
tng ng dng
c ch kim sot li
thuc tng ng dng!

2011
bao gm c
mo u
32 bits
cng ngun #
cng ch #
di
tng kim tra
D liu
ng dng
(thng ip)
nh dng on UDP
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
7
Tng kim tra UDP (checksum)

Mc ch: pht hin li (vd: nhy bit) trong on d
liu c truyn ti
Ngi gi:
xem on ni dung d liu

nh l mt chui gm
nhng s nguyn 16-bit
tng kim tra (TKT): cng
(tng b 1) ca ni dung
ca on
ngi gi t gi tr tng
kim tra vo trng tng
kim tra- checksum UDP

2011
Ngi nhn:
tnh tng kim tra ca on

nhn c
kim tra xem TKT tnh c c
bng gi tr trong trng TKT
khng ?
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
8
V d TKT Internet
Ghi ch
Khi cng cc s, s nh (nu c) ca bt c th hng cao

nht cn phi c cng dn vo kt qu
V d: cng hai s nguyn 16-bit

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
cng dn
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
tng 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
tng kim tra 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
9
TCP: Tng qut
d liu truyn song cng
D liu di chuyn theo 2 hng

trong cng mt kt ni
Bt tay (trao i cc thng ip
iu khin), khi to trng thi
ca bn gi, bn nhn trc khi
trao i d liu.
application
reads data
TCP
send buffer
TCP
receive buffer
Khng c bin gii gia

th/ip.
To ng ng
1 bn gi, 1 bn nhn
lung byte tin cy, theo

th t
Bn gi s khng lm trn bn
nhn.
application
writes data
im-ti-im
lu lng c kim tra
socket
door
nh hng kt ni
[RFCs: 793, 1122, 1323, 2018, 2581]
Kim tra tc nghn TCP v

lu lng quyt nh
kch thc ca s.
b nh tm gi & nhn
socket
door
segment

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
10
Cu trc on TCP
32 bits
URG: d liu khn cp
(hu nh ko s dng)
ACK: ACK #
valid
PSH: y d liu
(hu nh ko s dng)
RST, SYN, FIN:
khi to K/N
(thit lp, kt thc)
tng kim tra
Internet
(nh trong UDP)
2011
cng ngun
cng ch
s th t
s xc nhn
di ko
UA P RS F
m.u dng
ca s nhn
tng kim tra
Urg data pnter
phn ph ( di thay i)
tnh theo
byte d liu
(khng theo s
on!)
s byte
ng/nhn sn
sng nhn
d liu
tng ng dng
( di thay i)
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
11
TCP STT v s ACK

STT (sequence number):
s th t trong lung
byte ca byte u tin
trong on
ACKs:
l STT ca byte tip
theo m s nhn c
t my bn kia
ACK cng dn
Hi: lm sao x l nhng
on khng ng th t
p: TCP ko ch r
cng vic ca nh hin
thc
2011
My A
ng/dng
g
C
My B
my B xc
nhn vic
nhn C,
gi li C
my A xc
nhn vic
nhn C
kch bn telnet n gin
t/gian
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
12
Cc ni dung chnh


2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
13
Tng mng
Truyn on d liu t my
gi ti my nhn
My gi ng gi on thnh
gi tin
My nhn, pht gi tin ln
tng vn chuyn
Giao thc tng mng nm
trong mi my v b nh
tuyn
B nh tuyn kim tra trng
mo u trong mi gi IP i
qua n

2011
ng dng
truyn ti
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
mng
lin kt dl
lin kt dl
vt l
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
ng dng
truyn ti
mng
lin kt dl
vt l
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
14
Hai chc nng quan trng ca Tng mng
Chuyn tip: di chuyn cc gi tin t u vo ca b nh

tuyn ti u ra thch hp.
nh tuyn: xc nh ng i cho gi tin t ngun ti

ch.

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
15
Tng mng ca Internet

Tng truyn ti: TCP, UDP
Tng
Mng
giao thc IP
qui tc nh a ch
nh dng gi tin
qui tc x l gi tin
G/thc nh tuyn
chn ng i
RIP, OSPF, BGP
bng
chuyn tip
giao thc ICMP
bo co li
gi tn hiu ti bt
Tng lin kt
tng vt l

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
16
nh dng gi tin IPv4

phin bn
giao thc IP
di
mo u(bytes)
loi d liu
thi gian sng
32 bits
ver
head. type of
service
len
16-bit identifier
time to
live
upper
layer
tng di
gi tin (bytes)
length
flgs
fragment
offset
header
checksum
dng cho
phn on/
ghp on
32 bit a ch IP ngun
giao thc tng trn
32 bit a ch IP ch
Ty chn (nu c)
chi ph cho TCP?

20 byte ca TCP
20 byte ca IP
= 40 bytes + mo
u ca /dng
2011
d liu
( di bt k,
thng thng l mt
on TCP hoc UDP)
vd, tem thi

im, lu
ng i,
danh sch bt
s i qua.
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
17
Phn on & ghp on IP
Lin kt trong mng c kch

thc truyn ti ti a MTU l
kch thc ln nht c th ca
mt khung d liu lp lin kt.
cc loi lin kt khc nhau

s c MTU khc nhau
Gi tin IP ln c chia ra
(phn on)
mt gi tin tr thnh vi gi
tin
ch ghp on ti ch n
cui cng
cc bit trong mo u IP
c dng xc nh v
sp th t cc on

2011
D phn on:
vo: mt gi tin ln
ra: 3 gi nh hn
ghp on
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
18
Phn on & ghp on IP

V d
gi tin 4000 byte
MTU = 1500 bytes
1480 bytes trong

trng d liu
khong cch =
1480/8

2011
length ID fragflag
=4000 =x
=0
offset
=0
Mt gi tin ln b chia thnh

vi gi tin nh hn
length ID fragflag
=1500 =x
=1
offset
=0
length ID fragflag
=1500 =x
=1
offset
=185
length ID fragflag
=1040 =x
=0
offset
=370
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
19
nh a ch IP
a ch IP: 32-bit l k hiu

nh danh cho my, v mi
giao din ca b nh
tuyn.
giao din: lin kt gia
my/bt v lin kt vt l
B nh tuyn thng
thng c nhiu giao din
my tnh thng ch c 1
giao din.
a ch IP lin kt vi mi
giao din.
223.1.1.1
223.1.2.1
223.1.1.2
223.1.1.4
223.1.1.3
223.1.2.9
223.1.3.27
223.1.2.2
223.1.3.2
223.1.3.1
223.1.1.1 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

223
2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
20
Mng con (subnet)
a ch IP gm
Phn a ch mng (cc

bit bc cao)
phn my (cc bit bc
thp)
Mng con l g ?
giao din ca thit b vi

cng phn mng con
trong a ch IP
c th giao tip vi
nhau v mt vt l m
khng cn qua b nh
tuyn

2011
223.1.1.1
223.1.2.1
223.1.1.2
223.1.1.4
223.1.1.3
223.1.2.9
223.1.3.27
223.1.2.2
subnet
223.1.3.1
223.1.3.2
mng cha 3 mng con
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
21
Mt n mng con (subnet mask)

223.1.1.0/24
223.1.2.0/24
223.1.3.0/24
Subnet mask: /24

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
22
Phn loi gii thut nh tuyn

Thng tin tng qut hay phn
tn?
Tng qut:
tt c bt u c thng tin y
v hnh mng v chi ph
lin kt
g/thut trng thi kt ni

Phn tn:
bt bit hng xm kt ni vt l
ti n, chi ph ti h
qu trnh tnh ton, trao i

thng tin vi hng xm c lp
i lp li
g/thut vc t khong cch

2011
Tnh hay ng?

Tnh:
tuyn ng chm thay
i theo t/gian
ng:
tuyn ng thay i
nhanh hn
cp nht theo chu k

phn nh li s thay i
trong chi ph ng lin kt
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
23
Gii thut Dijkstra: V d

Bc
0
1
2
3
4
5
N'
u
ux
uxy
uxyv
uxyvw
uxyvwz
D(v),p(v) D(w),p(w)
2,u
5,u
2,u
4,x
2,u
3,y
3,y
D(x),p(x)
1,u
D(y),p(y)
2,x
D(z),p(z)
4,y
4,y
4,y
5
u
2
1

2011
2
x
3 1
1
2
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
24
Gii thut Dijkstra: v d (2)

Kt qu cy ng i ngn nht t u:
u
Kt qu bng chuyn tip ti u:
ch
z
x
lin kt
v
x
(u,v)
(u,x)
(u,x)
(u,x)
(u,x)

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
25
Gii thut Vc t-Khong cch
Dx(y) = chi ph thp nht t x ti y

node x bit chi ph ti mi hng xm v: c(x,v)
node x duy tr vc t khong cch
Dx = [Dx(y): y N ]
node x cng duy tr cc vc t khong cch ca hng xm
Cho mi hng xm v, x duy tr

Dv = [Dv(y): y N ]

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
26
Gii thut Vc t-Khong cch (t.t)

Phng trnh Bellman-Ford (lp trnh ng)
Xc nh
dx(y) := ch ph ca tuyn ng r nht t x ti y
Khi
dx(y) = min {c(x,v) + dv(y) }
v
vi min c ly trn tt c hng xm v ca x

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
27
nh tuyn trong Internet - RIP

Gii thut vc t khong cch
c tch hp trong bn phn phi BSD-UNIX 1982
n v o khong cch: s hop (max = 15 hop)
(hop - thit b mng m gi tin i qua)
T bt A ti mng con:
u
v
A

2011
w
x
ch
u
v
w
x
y
z
hops
1
2
2
3
3
2
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
28
S qung b trong RIP
cc vc-t k/cch: trao i gia nhng hng xm mi

30 s thng qua Thng ip Phn hi (cn gi l
qung b).
mi qung b: l danh sch ln ti 25 mng ch
trong h thng t tr.

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
29
nh tuyn trong Internet - OSPF
open: m, min ph (tng t m ngun m)

s dng gii thut Trng thi-Lin kt
ph bin gi tin LS
bn mng nm mi node
s dng gii thut Dijkstra tnh tuyn ng
Gi qung b OSPF cha mt mc cho mi bt hng xm

cc qung b c ph bin ra ton AS (bng cch gi trn
- flooding)
thng ip trong OSPF c truyn trc tip trong IP (thay v TCP

hoc UDP)

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
30
Nhng c im c bit ca OSPF
Bo mt: tt c thng ip OSPF u c xc thc (

phng nga ph hoi)
Cho php nhiu tuyn ng cng chi ph (RIP ch c 1)
i vi mi lin kt, nhiu n v chi ph c tnh
Tch hp h tr truyn n v truyn nhiu ch
OSPF phn tng trong nhng vng ln.

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
31
OSPF phn tng

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
32
Cc ni dung chnh


2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
33
Tng lin kt d liu

Truyn nhn d liu tin cy v hiu qu gia hai
node trn mt lin kt trc tip.

Cc dch v tng lin kt d liu
Pht
hin v sa li.
Chia s mt knh truyn qung b: a truy cp.
nh a ch tng lin kt.
Truyn ti d liu tin cy, kim sot lu lng.

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
34
Tng lin kt d liu c hin thc u?

Trong mi my tnh
Tng lin kt c hin
thc card mng (network

interface card)
Gn vo ng bus ca h
thng
T hp bao gm phn
cng, phn mm v
firmware
lc my tnh
ng dng
tr.ti
mng
lin kt
lin kt
vt l
b nh
cpu
b
iu khin
bus
my
(vd, PCI)
s tr. ti
vt l
card mng

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
35
Ethernet
Cng ngh thng tr ca mng cc b:
Cng ngh LAN u tin c dng rng ri
R tin ($20 cho mi NIC)
Theo kp nhp tng tc: 10 Mbps 10 Gbps

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
36
Cu trc khung Ethernet

Cu trc khung ethernet
Phn khi u
7 byte vi mu 10101010 theo sau bi 1 byte vi
mu 10101011
S dng ng b ha tc ng h ca ngi
gi vi ngi nhn.

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
37
Cu trc khung Ethernet (tt)

a ch: 6 bytes
nu NIC nhn c khung vi ng a ch MAC ca n hoc l a
ch pht tn rng (vd gi tin ARP), n s y d liu trong khung
ln giao thc tng mng
ngoi ra, NIC b khung
Loi: xc nh giao thc tng cao hn (hu ht l IP nhng
thnh thong c nhng g/t khc, vd, Novell IPX, AppleTalk)

CRC: kim tra ti ngi nhn, nu c li, khung s b b

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
38
Ethernet: khng tin cy,khng kt ni

khng kt ni: khng c bt tay gia cc NIC gi v nhn
khng tin cy: NIC nhn khng gi ACK hoc l NACK cho
NIC gi
Lung gi tin truyn ti tng mng c th c ch gin on (cc gi

tin b mt)
Cc ch gin on c th c lp y nu ng dng dng TCP
Giao thc gii quyt a truy cp ca Ethernet

CSMA/CD

2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
39
Gii thut CSMA/CD Ethernet

1. NIC nhn c gi tin t
tng mng, to ra khung
2. Nu NIC thy knh truyn
ri, bt u truyn khung.
Nu NIC thy knh bn,
i n khi knh ri, sau
truyn
3. Nu NIC gi ton b khung
i m khng pht hin ra
s truyn ti no khc, NIC
hon thnh vic gi khung!

2011
4. Nu NIC pht hin s

truyn ti khc trong khi
ang truyn: hy b v
gi tn hiu nghn
5. Sau khi hy b vic gi
sau ln ng th m,
NIC chn K ngu nhin t
{0,1,2,,2m-1}. NIC ch
K512 t/gian bit, quay li
bc 2.
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
40
CSMA/CD Ethernet (tt)

Tn hiu tc nghn: m bo rng
tt c cc ngi gi khc bit v
s ng ; 48 bits
T/g bit: .1 microsec cho mng
Ethernet 10 Mbps;
vi K=1023, thi gian ch vo
khong 50 msec
Xem/tng tc vi vi m
Java trn Web AWL:
rt khuyn khch !

2011
Thoi lui hm m:
Mc tiu: thay i thi gian ch
truyn li cho ph hp vi ti
hin ti
ti nng: thi gian ch ngu
nhin s di hn
ng u tin: chn K t
{0,1}; tr l K 512 t/g bit
ng ln 2: chn K t
{0,1,2,3}
sau va chm ln 10, chn K t
{0,1,2,3,4,,1023}
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
41
Chun Ethernet 802.3: Tng Lin Kt v Vt L
nhiu chun Ethernet khc nhau
giao thc MAC v nh dng khung ph bin

vn tc khc nhau: 2 Mbps, 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1Gbps, 10G bps
mi trng vt l khc nhau: cp quang, cp TH
ng dng
truyn ti
mng
lin kt
vt l
giao thc MAC

v nh dng khung
100BASE-TX
100BASE-T2
100BASE-FX
100BASE-T4
100BASE-SX
100BASE-BX
tng vt l dy
ng (cp xon)
2011
tng vt l si quang
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
42
Tm tt


2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN
n tp
43

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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

Dng trc nghim.

Sinh vin c php em ti liu giy v my tnh b ti.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Cc ni dung chnh 3 chng 3, 4, 5

Tng truyn ti (Transport layer)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Tng truyn ti (Transport layer)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Giao thc v dch v tng truyn ti

Cung cp mt knh lin lc lun l

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

UDP: User Datagram Protocol

Giao thc truyn ti Internet

Khng c bt tay gia ngi

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Khng thit lp kt ni (gim

thng c dng cho

nhng cch dng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

tng kim tra

Tng kim tra UDP (checksum)

xem on ni dung d liu

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

tnh tng kim tra ca on

Khi cng cc s, s nh (nu c) ca bt c th hng cao

V d: cng hai s nguyn 16-bit

TCP: Tng qut

d liu truyn song cng

D liu di chuyn theo 2 hng

Khng c bin gii gia

lung byte tin cy, theo

lu lng c kim tra

[RFCs: 793, 1122, 1323, 2018, 2581]

Kim tra tc nghn TCP v

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

tng kim tra

Urg data pnter

TCP STT v s ACK

kch bn telnet n gin

Tng truyn ti (Transport layer)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Hai chc nng quan trng ca Tng mng

Chuyn tip: di chuyn cc gi tin t u vo ca b nh

nh tuyn: xc nh ng i cho gi tin t ngun ti

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Tng mng ca Internet

giao thc ICMP

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

nh dng gi tin IPv4

giao thc tng trn

chi ph cho TCP?

vd, tem thi

Phn on & ghp on IP

Lin kt trong mng c kch

cc loi lin kt khc nhau

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Phn on & ghp on IP

1480 bytes trong

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Mt gi tin ln b chia thnh

a ch IP: 32-bit l k hiu