GENERAL GSM RADIO

NETWORK OPTIMIZATION

Abstract

This document will provide with an

overview general GSM radio network
optimization areas; with regards to
analysis and troubleshooting.

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Table of Contents
1
2

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 4
RANDOM ACCESS............................................................................. 5
2.1

PERFORMANCE

2.2
2.3
3

REASONS FOR POOR RANDOM ACCESS

5
USED FORMULAS................................ ............................................5
ANALYSIS ......................................................................................6

P AGING AND LOCATION U PDATE ................................ .................... 8

3.1

REASONS FOR POOR PAGING AN LU

9
3.2
USED FORMULAS................................ ............................................9
3.3
ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 11
3.3.1
Paging ............................................................................. 12
3.3.2
Location Update................................................................ 14
3.4
TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................ ...... 15
3.4.1
General ............................................................................ 15
3.4.2
Unsuccessful Location Updating ........................................ 18

PERFORMANCE

CALL SE T-UP ................................................................ .................. 19

4.1

REASONS FOR POOR CALL SET -UP

19
4.2
USED FORMULAS................................ .......................................... 20
4.3
ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 20
4.3.1
Random Access problems ................................................. 21
4.3.2
Cell parameter settings and RN
21
4.4
TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................ ...... 22
4.4.1
General problems ............................................................. 22
4.4.2
Low signal strength ........................................................... 23
4.4.3
SDCCH and TCH congestion ............................................. 23
4.4.4
HW faults and other problems ............................................ 23

PERFORMANCE

features

DROPPED CALLS............................................................................ 24
5.1
REASONS FOR DROPPED CALLS ...................................................... 24
5.2
USED FORMULAS................................ .......................................... 25
5.3
ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 26
5.3.1
SDCCH Results ................................................................ 26
5.3.2
TCH Results ..................................................................... 27
5.4
TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................ ...... 29
5.4.1
Dropped Calls Due To Bad Quality ..................................... 29
5.4.2
Dropped Calls Due To Low Signal
30
5.4.3
Dropped Calls Due To Other
31

Strength
Reasons
6

SDCCH & TCH ................................................................................. 32

6.1
6.2
6.3

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REASONS FOR TRAFFIC C APACITY PROBLEMS.................................... 32

USED FORMULAS................................ .......................................... 32
ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 33

RADO NETWORK PERFORMANCE

6.3.1
SDCCH/TCH availability .................................................... 33
6.3.2
Cell size and location analysis ........................................... 34
6.3.3
Feature activation ............................................................. 34
6.4
TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................... 35
6.4.1
Congestion, general .......................................................... 35
6.4.2
SDCCH Congestion.......................................................... 35
6.4.3
TCH Congestion ............................................................... 38
7

INTERFERENCE .............................................................................. 40
7.1
REASONS FOR HIGH INTERFERENCE LEVELS ..................................... 41
7.2
USED FORMULAS ......................................................................... 41
7.3
ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 42
7.3.1
Bad frequency plan ........................................................... 43
7.3.2
External interference ................................ ......................... 44
7.3.3
Congestion ....................................................................... 44
7.3.4
Missing neighbour cell relations ......................................... 44
7.3.5
Wrong antenna type or bad
45
7.3.6
HW/SW Problems and site outages ................................... 45
7.3.7
Cell parameter settings and RN
45
7.4
TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................... 46
7.4.1
Uplink Interference............................................................ 46
7.4.2
Downlink Interference ....................................................... 47
7.4.3
External Interference................................ ......................... 48

antenna positions

features

HANDOVER ..................................................................................... 49
8.1

REASONS FOR POOR HANDOVER

49
8.2
USED FORMULAS ......................................................................... 50
8.3
ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 51
8.3.1
Neighbouring cell relation problems ................................... 51
8.3.2
Cell parameters settings and RN
features
51
8.3.3
Hardware problems. .......................................................... 52
8.3.4
Too many measurement
frequencies in the active BA list
52
8.3.5
Poor coverage and coverage holes .................................... 52
8.3.6
Congestion problems ........................................................ 52
8.3.7
High interference.............................................................. 53
8.3.8
Poor inter-MSC handover
performance
53
8.4
TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................... 53
8.4.1
Too few Handover attempts or no
handovers
53
8.4.2
Unsuccessful (lost) handovers ........................................... 54
8.4.3
Handover reversions ................................ ......................... 55
8.4.4
Ping-Pong Handovers ....................................................... 57
PER FORMANCE

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REFERENCES ................................ ................................................. 57

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Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview on general
GSM radio network performance areas.
General GSM radio network performance areas may be summarized
as:
Random Access
Paging and Location Update
Call set-up
Dropped Calls
SDCCH & TCH
Interference
Handover
Following chapter will review each of above areas with focus on
possible reasons for poor performance, formulas for STS monitoring,
performance analysis and troubleshooting.

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1 Random Access
A Random Access burst is the first thing that will be sent when an MS
tries to access the network. The Random Access (RA) performance is
important for the accessibility performance and is linked to the BSIC
planning.

Reasons for poor random access

performance

Areas with possible problems with BSIC planning, too low ACCMIN,
wrong MAXTA, interference or bad link budgets. A very high number of
not approved Random Accesses on BSC level might also indicate
problems with software file congestion in the BSC or MSC.

1.1

Used Formulas

RAACCFA: Total Number of Failed Random Access Attempts.

RA_TOT: Total Number of Random Access Attempts.
CNROCNT: Total Number of Accepted Random Accesses.
RA_FAIL: Failed Random Accesses of Total RA Attempts.
RA_ANSWPAG: Answer to Paging of Total Random Accesses.
RA_SERVICE: Other Services Requested of Total Random Accesses.
RA_EMERG: Emergency Calls of Total Random Accesses.

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RA_CALLREE: Random Accesses with Cause Call

Reestablishments of Total Number of Accepted Random Accesses
RA_OTHER: All Other Cases of Total Random Accesses.
S_EST: Number of SDCCH Establishments of Total Number of
SDCCH Seizure Attempts when No SDCCH Congestion.

1.2

Analysis

A cell can interpret a handover burst (supposed for another cell) as a

Random Access burst, which causes the counter RAACCFA to be
stepped. A necessary condition for this to happen is that the cells have
BSIC and an ARFCN in common. The handover burst is sent by an MS
to the target cell on the new TCH and contains the BSIC for the cell. If
another cell in the vicinity uses the frequency as BCCH and have the
same BSIC, the problem can occur. The general system performance
will not be affected unless any congestion occurs due to this
unnecessary use of RACCH and AGCH (Access Granted channel).
Anyway, a lot of RA failures (RAACCFA) always mean co-channel
interference. A problematic cell has to be checked for neighbours with
identical BSIC and where BCCH for the problem cell is used as ARFCN.
If this neighbour is far away, the co-channel interference will usually not
cause any performance problems (although there are a lot of RAACCFA
detected).
High timing advance can also be a reason for RAACCFA to be stepped.
The parameter MAXTA should be checked in that case.

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employees if AMPS located close to the

problem area. These can cause interference
within distance of at least 100 m. Sometimes
filters can solve the interference AMPS sites.
MRR, CTR, MTR used to point out areas of
problems?
Frequency change tried?
Antenna down tilt tried? Before doing down
tilt it should be verified TEMS that the
interference occurs in the border area of the
cell, coverage from the cell that should be tilted
is unreasonably large.
Check that antenna directions are according
to the plan.
Poor coverage?

3.4.2

Low signal strength

Is the cell situated in a poor coverage area,
for example on the countryside?
Correlate with the analysis of dropped calls
and look especially for drops due to low signal
strength. Highlight in the report how many
percentages (approximately) of the call setup
failures that are due to poor coverage and
suggest areas for new sites.

3.4.3

SDCCH and TCH congestion

Check the SDCCH time congestion.
Especially cells close to a location area border
can be heavily loaded and need additional
SDCCH capacity to be able to set up calls. It
does not matter how many idle TCHs there are
in a cell if there at the same time is congestion
on the SDCCH.

3.4.4

HW faults and other problems

If a frequency change did not have the
expected effect or if the cov erage is far less
than the frequency planning tool shows it can
depend on one of the faults listed below. Some
possible faults are:
If a cell is not covering the area that it is
supposed to cover according to the frequency-

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planning tool it can depend on that the antenna

is connected to the wrong feeder.
The site can in reality be lower than in the
predictions in the frequency planning tool,
giving less coverage than planned.
There can be alarms indicating HW faults.
Software file congestion

Dropped Calls
The retainability performance evaluates the
systems ability to handle established
connections. Dropped calls are probably the
single most important quality item to control in
the system. The level of dropped calls in the
system is in high extent depending on the
initial RF planning, optimization and also the
system growth.

4.1

Reasons for dropped calls

Possible reasons for a high rate of dropped
calls could be:
TCH Congestion
Parameter Settings
HW problems
Interference
Poor signal strength
Missing cell relations and/or missing
measurement frequencies
The reasons for dropped calls can, according
to STS, be:
- Low signal strength
- Bad quality
- Sudden loss of connection (only TCH)
- Excessive timing advance
- Other

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4.2

Used Formulas
S_DR- C: Dropped SDCCH Connections of
Total Number of SDCCH Connections.
S_DR_ERLM: Erlang Minutes per Dropped
SDCCH Connection.
S_DR_SS: Dropped SDCCH Connections
due to Low Signal Strength of Total Number
of Dropped SDCCH Connections.
S_DR_BQ: Dropped SDCCH Connections
due to Bad Quality of Total Number of
Dropped SDCCH Connections.
S_DR_TA: Dropped SDCCH Connections
due to Excessive Timing Advance of Total
Number of Dropped SDCCH Connections.
S_DR_OTH: Dropped SDCCH Connections
due to Other Reasons than Low Signal
Strength, Bad Quality or Excessive Timing
Advance of Total Number of Dropped
SDCCH Connections.
T_TRAF: Average TCH Traffic Level.
T_CONGT: TCH Time Congestion of Total
Measurement Interval.
T_AVAIL: Available TCHs (not blocked) of
Total Number of Defined TCHs.
T_DWN: Average Cell downtime for active
cells
H_SUC: Successful Handovers of Total
Number of Handover Attempts.
T_DR-S: Dropped TCH Connections of Total
Number of Calls Terminated in the Cell.
T_DR_ERLM: Erlang Minutes per Dropped
TCH Connection.
T_DR_SS_DL: Dropped TCH Connections
due to Low Signal Strength on Downlink of
Total Number of Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_SS_UL: Dropped TCH Connections
due to Low Signal Strength on Uplink of Total
Number of Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_SS_BL: Dropped TCH Connections
due to Low Signal Strength on both links of
Total Number of Dropped TCH Connections.

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T_DR_SUD: Suddenly lost connections of

Total Number of Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_BQ_DL: Dropped TCH Connections
at Bad Quality on Downlink of Total Number
of Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_BQ_UL: Dropped TCH Connections
at Bad Quality on Uplink of Total Number of
Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_BQ_BL: Dropped TCH Connections at
Bad Quality on both links of Total Number of
Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_TA: Dropped TCH Connections due to
Excessive Timing Advance of Total Number
of Dropped TCH Connections.
T_DR_OTH: Dropped Calls due to Other
Reasons than Low Signal Strength, Bad
Quality or Excessive Timing Advance of
Total Number of Dropped TCH Connections.

4.3
4.3.1

Analysis
SDCCH Results
If a high drop rate on SDCCH has been
noticed the following actions is
recommended in order to proceed and solve
the problems.
Improvements for dropped calls on TCH will
improve the drop call rate on SDCCH. I.e.
recommend to trouble shoot the TCH drop
calls first if there is poor performance on both
TCH and SDCCH.
The drop call rate on SDCCH can be
improved if the congestion on TCH is
decreased. Recommend to use the feature
assignment to worse cell or increase the
capacity on TCH.
The reasons for low SS drops could be too
few sites, wrong output power, shadowing,
no indoor coverage or network equipment
failure.

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The reasons for dropped calls due to bad

quality on the uplink or downlink are related
to internal or external interference and
trouble shooting is needed to find the
interferers. The situation could be temporary
improved by means of applicable features.
Recommend features that are not activated
or recommend alternative parameter setting.
The reasons for drops on to high timing
advance is related to the site location i.e.
close to open water, desert or hilly terrain
and the setting of MAXTA and TALIM.
Setting MAXTA to 63 and TALIM to 62 could
solve the problem and/or tilt the antennas,
reduce antenna height, change antenna or
reduce output power.
Miscellaneous problems could for example
be mobile errors which can occur when old
mobiles may cause dropped calls if certain
radio network features are used. Another
reasons could be that the MS is damaged
and not working properly.

4.3.2

TCH Results
If a high drop rate on TCH has been noticed
the following actions is recommended in
order to proceed and solve the problems.
High drop rate due to high outage time or
low availability. Inform the operation and
maintenance department about the problems
or check the reasons for the downtime.
Check also the alarm list or BTS error log.
Another way is also to check the resolution
time for the different alarm categories. Many
problems with dropped calls are often related
to insufficient O&M routines and not to radio
problems.

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Dropped TCH due to bad quality are often

due to interference problems and/or low
signal strength in areas where there is no
dominant server. The reason could also be
missing neighbour relations so that the
mobile is not connected to the strongest
server and therefore perceives bad quality.
The interfered cell should be investigated in
order to find the source for the interference.
In most cases the interference is internal but
can also originate from external sources
such as other networks, radio stations,
microwave links etc. The interference could
also be reduced by means of applicable
features such as frequency hopping,
assignment to better cell, DTX, MS/BTS
power control etc. Recommend applicable
features or alternative parameter setting if
founded incorrect.
Dropped TCH due to low signal strength
are in most cases related to coverage gaps
but can also be a result of missing neighbour
relations, hidden antennas, wrong antenna
type (to low gain), antenna or feeder
problems, incorrect power settings, etc. The
reason can also be unforeseen subscriber
behaviour i.e. the subscribers use their
mobiles indoor, in elevators, parking lots etc.
This can also be indicated if there is a high
percentage of suddenly lost connections.
Dropped TCH due to excessive timing
advance should in normal cases not occur in
the network. The reasons for timing advance
drops are site location (close to open water,
desert or hilly terrain) and the setting of
MAXTA and TALIM. Setting MAXTA to 63
and TALIM to 62 could solve the problem. Or
reduce the coverage by down tilting the
antennas, reduce antenna height, change
antenna or reduce output power. If the site is
located close to open water etc. the
extended range feature could be considered.
TCH drops due to other reasons than low
SS, bad quality, excessive timing advance
could for example be because of BTS HW
problems, transmission problems, service
affecting maintenance work, uplink
interference problems (external or internal),
mobile station problems etc.

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4.4

Troubleshooting
The trouble shooting of dropped calls is
divided into three areas, dropped calls due to
bad quality, low SS and other reasons.

4.4.1

Dropped Calls Due To Bad Quality

If the cell suffers from dropped calls due to
bad quality the first step is to check that the
parameters QLIMDL and QLIMUL are set to
correct values. SAUDI 55
Additional data should be collected in order
to make correct conclusions.
Check if there are any normal disconnections
at bad quality in the cell, this could give
indications on that there really is a bad
quality problem in the cell.
Run MRR on the cell and check the average
RXQUAL value in the cell.
Display C/I and C/A predictions in planning
tool. Check if the cell is located in any
interference area. Remember that there
might be interference in the cell even if it is
not displayed in the planning tool. Check idle
channel measurements (ICM) for the cell to
see if there exists uplink interference in the
cell.
Check the handover statistics on a neighbour
relation level for the cell. See if there is any
neighbour relation with a high number of bad
quality handovers. This information might
give you the location for the bad quality area
in the cell.
Frequency Allocation Support (FAS) can be
used in order to find the interfered frequency.
This can be useful especially for frequency
hopping systems. FAS gives however only
the uplink information.
Perform TEMS drive tests in the suspected
area. Try to locate the interferer, one way for
C/I problems is to halt the affected cell and
perform a frequency scanning in order to
locate the interfering cell.

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See if it is possible to change frequency or

reduce the signal strength of the interferer.
For example down tilting the antenna. Check
the antenna diagram in order to see the
effect of different tilt angels. A second
alternative is to change the frequency or
increase the signal strength in the interfered
cell. Check if there is any missing neighbour
relations causing low SS and by that bad
quality drops.

4.4.2

Dropped Calls Due To Low Signal

Strength
If the cell suffers from TCH drop due to low
signal strength the first step is to check the
power setting, power balance and neighbour
relations in the affected cell. Check for
example on a map with site positions or in
the cell-planning tool for any obviously
missing neighbour relations. Check also the
amount of normal disconnections at low SS
for the cell.
Check the alarms on the RBS to verify that
there is no VSWR alarm causing the
reduction in output power.
MRR can be used for checking the timing
advance and RXLEV distribution in the cell.
This can give an indication if the subscribers
are close to the base station or in the
outskirts of the cell. If most of the subscribers
are on low TA values the low SS drops might
be lack of indoor coverage or if most of the
subscribers are on high TA values the
problem might be a missing site or neighbour
relation. By checking RXLEV for the cell
indication and compare with coverage plots
in planning tool indications of obstacles
covering the antenna, feeder problems or
other reasons for low SS might be found.
Use the handover statistics on a neighbour
relation level to get an indication on where in
the cell the problem might be. Check also if
any of the target neighbours suffers from
severe congestion.

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If there are a lot of suddenly lost connections

in the cell this could indicate that there is a
tunnel, underground parking lot, high indoor
usage etc. Try to find the most likely position
in the cell where this kind of drops might
occur.
Check in planning tool to see if any coverage
gaps or areas with low coverage can be
found in the cell. Verify that the different
clutter values make sense in the planning
tool. Is the site position OK? Is the antenna
azimuth correct, is it shooting to the correct
location, road, building etc.
Perform drive tests in the cell and check for
missing neighbours, swapped antennas etc.
Perform the drive test close to the site and
try to see if it is line of sight or of the
antennas are hidden by any obstacles. Make
a site visit and check the antennas if
necessary.
If the low signal strength is not related to any
faults or missing configuration probably a
new site or improved indoor coverage is
needed and the problem should be passed
on to the cell planning department.

4.4.3

Dropped Calls Due To Other

Reasons
If the cell suffers from dropped calls besides
the reasons low SS, bad quality and
excessive timing advance the dropped calls
will be counted as other reasons. That is that
the counters for SS, quality and timing
advance are not incremented and only the
CNDROP, TFNDROP or THNDROP are
stepped.
This could for example be the case in cells
with uplink interference.
Check if ICM is indicating uplink interference
in the cell.
Other possible reasons could be problems
with the mobile stations of BTS HW
problems, transmission problems, and
service affecting maintenance work.

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Check with the operation and maintenance

department or check the applicable alarm
logs if there have been any HW problems,
transmission problems, and service affecting
maintenance work during the time period.
The average cell downtime and TCH and
SDCCH availability should also be checked.
If mobile station problems are suspected in
the network this needs to be raised with the
Customer and his customer care department
to investigate the problem further.

SDCCH & TCH

Congestion on SDCCH makes it impossible to
set up a call unless the feature immediate
assignment on TCH or adaptive configuration
of logical channels is used. Congestion on
TCH makes it impossible to set up a call
unless features such as Assignment to Worse
Cell or Cell Load Sharing are used. TCH
congestion also means that handover from
another cell is impossible to perform.

5.1

Reasons for traffic capacity

problems
Possible reasons for traffic capacity problems
are:
High number of blocked devices
HW problems.
Poor dimensioning of SDCCH and TCH
Features impacting the traffic behaviour
Traffic distribution between 900 and 1800
cells
Traffic distribution between micro- and macro
cells

5.2

Used Formulas
RA_OTHER: Random Accesses with Cause
All Other Cases, e. g. Location Updating,

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Detach, Attach, etc. of Total Number of

Accepted Random Accesses.
S_TRAF: Average SDCCH Traffic Level.
S_CNGT: SDCCH Time Congestion of Total
Measurement Interval.
S_MHT: SDCCH Mean Holding Time.
S_AV_NR: Average Number of Available
SDCCHs.
S_AVAIL: Available (not blocked) SDCCHs of
Total Number of Defined SDCCHs.
S_DR: Dropped SDCCH Connections of Total
Number of SDCCH Connections.
T_AS_SUC: Successful TCH Assignments of
Total Number of Assignment Attempts.
T_TRAF: Average TCH Traffic Level.
TF_CNGT_U: TCH/F Time Congestion in
under laid Sub cell of Total Measurement
Interval.
T_MHT: TCH Mean Holding Time.
T_AV_NR: Average Number of Available
TCHs.
T_AVAIL: Available TCHs (not blocked) of
Total Nu mber of Defined TCHs.
T_DR_ERLM: Erlang Minutes per Dropped
TCH Connection.

5.3
5.3.1

Analysis
SDCCH/TCH availability
From the STS data it can be seen how much
of the hardware that is being used. Normally
the availability for SDCCH and TCH should be
100%. For the cells showing low availability,
check the BTS error log to make sure that
there are no problems with the hardware error
logs.

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5.3.2

Cell size and location analysis

Check where different high traffic cells are
located to verify if they are located in the same
areas. Look for cells with high traffic loads
surrounded by cells with low traffic loads.
Check the congestion (together with the
number of TRXs) in the small cells. The reason
to the low traffic loads could be that the cells
have been given too small dimensions. Check
if the coverage from the small cells could be
improved. A larger coverage area might
capture more traffic and off-load the
neighbouring cell.
Check if the large cell actually is too big and
consequently captures more traffic than it
should.

5.3.3

Feature activation
In this chapter it is described how short-term
actions can be taken to decrease congestion
and improve the capacity of the system.

5.3.3.1

SDCCH Congestion
Selecting the number of time slots in a cell that
are going to be used for signalling is a critical
part of network optimization. Increased use of
subscriber services such as Short Message
Service can make the demand for SDCCHs
more unpredictable.
The feature Immediate Assignment on TCH
can be used to lower the load on SDCCH.
Note, however, that the SDCCH first strategy
is recommended, i.e. an idle SDCCH is always
allocated and in case of SDCCH congestion,
the signalling is performed on a TCH instead.
If the optional feature "Adaptive Configuration
of Logical Channels" is available and activated
in the BSC, the system can automatically
assign SDCCHs. The way the feature should
be used depends on the channel dimensioning
strategy and therefore great care should be
taken when implementing this feature. No
recommended parameter values are given in
the User Descriptions.

5.3.3.2

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TCH Congestion
Make sure that the congestion is not caused
by hardware problems or link Make sure that

RADO NETWORK PERFORMANCE

the congestion is not caused by hardware

problems or link failures. If no problems can be
found, check if it is possible to add extra TRXs
to the cell or to add (micro) cells in the area.
It may also be possible to activate the feature
Cell Load Sharing and/or Assignment to Worst
Cell as short-term solutions.

5.4
5.4.1

Troubleshooting
Congestion, general
Check if the congestion can depend on a
short-term growth or a long-term growth:
Short term growth
If the high traffic related to an occasional
event, like sport event, fairs, conference, a
temporary solution might be considered.
Long term growth
If there is a long-term growth the network
capacity has to grow according to the demand.
Check if there is an expansion planned in the
near future for the TCH congested cells.
Check if the congestion is on SDCCH, TCH or
both.

5.4.2

SDCCH Congestion
The time congestion should be used instead of
congestion based on access attempts as there
is no way to estimate the number of access
attempts a single mobile does.

Increasing Traffic Demand

The increase in traffic could be related to an
occasional event or due to a long-term growth.
Check if short term traffic growth. Make trend
comparisons.
Check if combined SDCCH is used.
Check SDCCH dimensioning.

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Increase the number of SDCCH channels.

Note that an increase may lead to the need for
new transceivers.
If combined SDCCH is used, non-combined
channel configuration should be introduced.
Long Mean Holding Time
If the mean holding time is long, this generates
a higher traffic load.
Check SDCCH Mean Holding Time.
TCH Congestion
TCH congestion may cause the mobiles to
stay extra long time on the SDCCH before
being allocated TS on a TCH. Check if there
exists TCH congestion and if the SDCCH
mean holding time is above 7 seconds. For
immediate assignment the time is 2-2, 5
seconds.
Check TCH Congestion.
Check SDCCH Mean Holding Time.
Check if Assignment to Worse cell is used
and existing parameter setting.
Check if Cell Load Sharing is used.
Increase TCH capacity.
Use the features for traffic distribution such
as Cell Load Sharing and Assignment to
Worse Cell.
Low Availability
Check SDCCH Availability.
Check if the unavailable channels are
manual, control or automatically blocked.
Change & repair faulty equipment.
Review the O&M procedures.
Too Frequent Periodic Registration
Check Random Access distribution.
Check the timer T3212 in the BSC and the
parameters BTDM and GTDM in the MSC.
Decrease the number of periodic
registration.

20/05/2008 Page 36 of 58