Tavi |

interpersonaluri mizidva: afilacia, mowoneba siyvaruli.

erTi saintereso kvleva ganaxorcieles Reed Larson-ma da misma

kolegebma. maT mozrdilebis da teneijerebis garkveul jgufs sTxoves erTi
kviris ganmavlobaSi mudmivad etarebinaT eleqtronuli peijeri. subieqtebs
unda daefiqsirebinaT Tu drois ama Tu im monakveTSi ras akeTebdnen da
visTan erTad iyvnen, iyvnen martoni Tu vinmesTan erTad. Sedegebi
aCvenebda, rom mozrdilebi am erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi martoni rCebodnen
mTeli drois 29,1% - xolo sxvebTan erTad iyvnen mTeli drois 70%. tenei-
jerebi drois 25,9% iyvnen marto da 74,1% - iyvnen sxvebTan erTad.
SesaZloa, am sakiTxs kvleva arc ki sWirdeboda. TiTqosda es
TavisTavad cxadia. adamianis tendencia iyos sxva adamianebTan,
miekuTvnebodes ama Tu im jgufs aisaxa definiciaSi, rom adamiani aris
socialuri cxoveli. rogorc adre aRvniSneT, es tendencia antikuri periodidanaa
cnobili. mravali aseuli welia filosofosebi, politikosebi, religiis liderebi da
mwerlebi miuTiTeben adamianebis jogurobaze, ixilaven sakiTxs kargia Tu
cudi sazogadoeba. maTgan gansxvavebiT socialur fsiqologias ainteresebs
mizezi - ainteresebs pasuxi kiTxvaze ratom?
garda amisa, adamianebs yovelTvis ainteresebdaT da ainteresebT Tu
ramdenad moswonT is sxvebs, ra faqtorebi gansazRvraven simpatia antipatiis
grZnobas, - ra gansazRvravs adamianebs Soris ufro Rrma, emocionaluri
damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas da mis SenarCunebas da a.S. es sakiTxebi
socialuri fsiqologiis intensiuri kvlevis sagani gaxda gansakuTrebiT meoce
saukunis 70-ani wlebidan. am TavSi Cven SevecdebiT gavaanalizoT
afiliaciis tendenciis arsi, faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen afilaciis
tendenciaze. Semdeg gavarCevT interpersonaluri mizidvis principebs,
gavarCevT im empiriul gamokvlevebs, romlebic miznad isaxaven im
faqtorebis dadgenas, romlebic gansazRvraven interpersonalur mowonebas.
mere SevexebiT interpersonaluri urTierTobis ufro specifikur formebs.

afiliacia

rogorc aRvniSneT, adamianebi miiswrafvian erTmaneTisaken, surT

miekuTvnebodnen amaTu im jgufs. adamianebis aseT erTad cxovrebisaken
miswrafebasebas uwodeben afiliaciis tendencias. afiliacia, rogorc socialuri
aqtiobis erTerTi forma, raTqmaunda socialuri fsiqologiis kvlevis
problematikaSi Semodis. socialuri fsiqologia cdilobs axsnas Tu ratom undaT
adamianebs erTad yofna? arsebobs am kiTxvaze pasuxis ori done: pirveli,

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afiliaciis tendenciis e.w. bazisuri axsna da meore, im specifikur faqtorebze
miTiTeba, romlebic gavlenas axdenen am tendenciaze.
afiliaciis tendenciis bazisuri axsna, faqtiurad warmoadgens cvladebis
im zogad klasze miTiTebas, romlebic gansazRvraven mas. aseT zogad
faqtorebad ganixilebian instiqtebi, Sinagani determinantebi da daswavla.
instiqtebi. afiliaciis tendenciis instinqtebiT axsna emyareba zogad
daSvebas, rom afiliacia, iseve rogorc nebismieri moTxovnileba Tandayolilia.
iseve rogorc WianWvelebi qmnian koloniebs, adamianebi cxovroben jgufe-
bad da es ara imitom, rom maTi azriT ase sjobia an ufro sasargebloa. iseve
rogorc bavSvi iwyebs wovas imis gaazrebis gareSe kargia es Tu cudi,
afiliacia xorcieldeba yovelgvari azrovnebisa da fiqris gareSe. erTi sityviT,
CaTvlilia, rom adamianebi ibadebian mravali genetikurad determinirebuli
maxasiaTeblebiT da maT Sorisaa erTad cxovrebis tendencia. socialur fsiqo-
logiaSi am midgomis erTerTi pioneria mak-dugali. mak-dugali jogurobas,
Tavisi Sesabamisi martivi sentimentiT Tvlis rom warmoadgens adamianis
erTerT instinqts, mis mier CamoTvlili 14 instinqtidan.
rom araferi vTqvaT imaze, rom instinqtis Teoriuli axsna, saerTod ar
warmoadgens mecnierul axsnas rom aseTi axsna tavtologiaa da a.S.
praqtikulad SeuZlebelia afiliaciis tendenciis instinqtiT axsnis hipoTezis eqspe
rimentuli Semowmeba. SeuZlebelia es rogorc eTikuri, ise teqnikuri
TvalsazrisiT. teqnikurad, es imas niSnavs, rom bavSvi dabadebidanve
aRvzardoT srul izolaciaSi da vnaxoT eqneba Tu ara afiliaciis tendencia, risi
ganxorcielebac principulad SeuZlebelia. afiliaciis instinqtebiT axsna
WeSmaritic rom iyos misi pirdapiri kvleva SeuZlebelia.
Tandayolili determinantebi. afiliaciis Tandayolili determinantebiT
axsna miuTiTebs imaze, rom is mizezobrivad ganpirobebulia Cvili bavSvis
TaviseburebiT. es midgoma ar uSvebs, rom afiliacia genetikuradaa ganpi-
robebuli, aramed Tvlis, rom is ganpirobebulia gansakuTrebuli ususurobiT.
bavSvi imdenad ususuri ibadeba, rom is mTlianad dedazea damokidebuli da
es ususurobis periodi sakmaod xangrZlivia. ase, rom mSoblis gareSe bavSvi
daiRupeba. ufro meti, bavSvis ususuroba imdenad moiTxovs dedis
yuradRebas rom am drois ganmavlobaSi dedaze sxvam unda izrunos. dedas
ar rCeba dro TavisTavze zrunvisaTvis. es midgoma uSvebs, rom
adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia 3joguroba4 aucileblobis gamo da ara
imitom, rom es instinqturad aqvs miRebuli. maS, Tandayolil determinantebSi
igulisxmeba bavSvis specifikuri sisuste. specifikuri ususuroba mizezobrivad
gansazRvravs afiliaciis tendencias.
daswavla anu afiliaciis tendenciis axsna daswavliT. es midgoma uSvebs,
rom adamiani iZens (swavlobs) afiliacias iseve rogorc is swavlobs Cveulebriv
bevr rames. adamiani bavSvobidanve swavlobs rom misi moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofileba damokidebulia sxvebze. bavSvi swavlobs garkveul Cvevebs,

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ayalibebs Tavis cxovrebas da swavlobs agreTve afiliacias, da amiT xdeba is
sxva adamianebis msgavsi.

afiliaciis tendenciis specifikuri mizezebi

instinqti, Sinagani daterminantebi da daswavla rogorc aRvniSneT,

warmoadgenen afiliaciis tendenciis bazisur axsnas, magram arafers amboben
im specifikur cvladebze, romlebic akontroleben afiliaciis tendencias. Tu
vityviT, rom cxoveli Wams imitom rom aqvs Tandayolili moTxovnileba, an
imitom rom iswavla Wama, raTqmaunda Cven swori viqnebiT, magram
verafers vigebT TviT Wamaze. magram Tu ganvixilavT Wamas 7 saaTiani
deprivaciis Semdeg, an Tu ganvsazRvravT sisxlis SemadgenlobaSi Saqris
dones, Cven viZleviT specifikur codnas SimSilisa da Wamis Sesaxeb da
SegviZlia gavakontroloT sakvebis raodenoba romelic unda miiRos cxovelma.
zogad da specifikur axsnas Soris aseTi gansxvaveba misaRebia afiliaciis
mimarTac. Tanamedrove socialuri fsiqologia umTavresad am sakiTxs exeba.
socialuri fsiqologia cdilobs gansazRvros faqtorebi, romlebic zrdian an
amcireben afiliaciis tendencias, cdilobs aRmoaCinos is specifikuri pirobebi,
romlebic iZlevian afiliaciis mizezebis da bunebis ufro Rrma gagebas.
fsiqologiis zogadi midgoma am sakiTxisadmi aris miiRos monacemebi
kontrolirebul situaciaSi. es imas niSnavs, rom eqsperimentul situaciaSi
axdenen erTi an meti faqtoris variacias, raTa gansazRvron Tu es faqtorebi
rogor moqmedeben afiliaciis tendenciaze.
SiSi da afiliacia. afiliaciis tendenciis sistematuri eqsperimentuli
gamokvleva mogvca Sexterma (Stanli Schachter). savsebiT samarTlianad, is
iwyebs miTiTebiT, rom raTa davadginoT pirobebi, romelSiac afiliaciis
tendencia Zlierdeba an mcirdeba, unda davakvirdeT imas Tu ra mosdiT
adamianebs, roca maT ara aqvT afiliaciis SesaZlebloba. Tu afiliacia aris
moTxovnileba, es moTxovnileba gamoikveTeba roca individi moklebulia
misi dakmayofilebis wyaros.
SemTxvevebis Seswavla, roca adamiani totalur izolaciaSi aRmoCnda -
zogierTi religiuri seqtis wevroba, mogzaurobisas, okeaneSi xomaldis
CaZirvis Semdeg SemTxveviT gadarCenili individis ukacriel kunZulze
moxvedra, izolaciis eqsperimentebis monawileebi - safiqrebelia rom
gviCveneben raRac amis msgavss. aseTi xangrZlivi izolaciis Sesaxeb
angariSebSi, memuarebSi da a.S. miTiTebulia, SiSis grZnobaze romelsac
Tan axlavs SfoTva. erTi sityviT xangrZlivi izolacia iwvevs Zlier SiSs da
SfoTvas. Sexterma Tavis kvlevebs safuZvlad daudo es faqti da scada
kontrolirebul situaciaSi ekvlia Tu ra damokidebuleba arsebobs SiSsa da
afiliaciis tendencias Soris. Tu izolacia iwvevs SiSs, SiSis arsebobam unda
mogvces afiliaciis survili. Sesabamisad Sexterma wamoayena hipoTeza

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Zlierma SiSma unda gamoiwvios afiliaciis ufro Zlieri tendencia vidre sustma
SiSma. gansxvavebuli doniT SeSinebulma adamianebma unda gamoavlinon
afiliaciis gansxvavebuli doneebi. Sexterma SesZlo am hipoTezis Semowmeba
kontrolirebul situaciaSi.
eqsperimentuli procedura - subieqtebi SeyavdaT laboratoriaSi sadac
Warbad iyo eleqtromowyobiloba. subieqtebs uxsnidnen, rom eqsperimenti
exeboda mexsierebaze eleqtroSokis gavlenis kvlevas. raTa SeeqmnaT SiSis
gansxvavebuli doneebi, eqsperimentatori axdenda Sokis gansxvavebul
interpretacias. SiSis maRali donis eqsperimentuli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad
eleqtroSoks aRwerdnen didi muqaris terminebSi. kerZod, subieqtebs
eubnebodnen, rom 3Soki iqneba mtkivneuli... ukiduresad mtkivneuli, magram
ar eqneba Semdgomi efeqti4. ganumartavdnen, rom kvlevis warmatebisaTvis
saWiroa intensiuri Sokis gamoyeneba da a.S.
dabali SiSis eqsperimentuli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad subieqtebs
eubnebodnen, rom Soki ar iqneba mtkivneuli, iqneba Zalian susti da a.S.
amis Semdeg, TiTqosda aparaturis mosamzadeblad saWiro iyo garkveuli
dro da am drois ganmavlobaSi, subieqtebs SeeZloT aerCiaT Tu sad
moisurvebdnen mocdas. arCevani TviTon subieqtebs unda gaekeTebinaT,
airCevdnen isini mocdas calke Tu sxvebTan erTad. Tu airCevdnen marto
mocdas mzad iyo oTaxi, sadac SeiZleboda mocda sakmaod komfortul
pirobebSi. Tu airCevdnen sxvebTan erTad mocdas saamisod mzad iyo meore
oTaxi. e.i. subieqtebs Txovdnen aerCiaT sxvebTan erTad undodaT mocda Tu
marto. eqsperimentis Sedegebi adasturebda hipoTezas. Zlieri SiSis dros
subieqtebi arCevdnen sxvebTan erTad yofnas.
garda amisa ikvlies ganusazRvrelobis gavlena afiliaciis tendenciaze.
hipoTezirebuli iyo rom adamianebs eqnebaT meti afiliaciis tendencia
ganusazRvrel situaciaSi. kvlevebi adasturebs am hipoTezasac.
ikvlies agreTve SfoTvis (SiSis msgavsi emocionaluri mdgomareoba, roca
SiSis obieqturi pirobebi ar arsebobs) gavlena afiliaciis tendenciaze. SfoTvis
eqsperimentuli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebuli iyo nevrotuli an
moraluri SfoTvis gamomwvevi situacia, romelic uxerxulobis grZnobas
gamoiwvevda subieqtebSi. hipoTezirebuli iyo, rom rac ufro maRali iqneboda
SfoTvis done, miT ufro Zlieri iqneboda marto yofnis tendencia. kvleviTi
monacemebi adasturebden hipoTezas (Sarnof & Zimbardo, 1961).
arsebobs SiSsa da afiliaciis tendencias Soris urTierTobis amxsneli ori
Teoria. (1) SiSis Semcirebis da (2) socialuri Sedarebis Teoria.
SiSis Semcirebis Teoria emyareba daswavlis ganmtkicebis Teorias.
ganmtkiceba ganixileba rogorc moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba. reaqcia
romelsac mohyveba moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba mtkicdeba (e.i.
daiswavleba). navaraudevia, rom SiSis grZnoba qmnis misi Semcirebis an
moxsnis tendencias da SeSinebul adamians imitom unda sxvasTan erTad

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yofna (afiliacia) rom es iwvevs SiSis Semcirebas. eqsperimentma daadastura
es hipoTezac. Sexteris mier SemoTavazebul situaciaSi, roca subieqtebs unda
moexdinaT marto mocdasa da sxvasTan erTad mocdas Soris arCevani,
instruqcias daemata erTi niuansi, sxvebTan erTad mocdis arCevis
SemTxvevaSi maT ekrZalebodaT eqsperimentSi CarTul sakiTxebze saubari.
e.i. maT SeeZloT saubari mxolod im sakiTxze, romelic eqsperiments ar
exeboda. amiTi varaudobdnen rom gaZneldeboda azrTa urTierTgaziarebiT
SiSis Semcireba. aseT situaciaSi moelodnen, rom afiliaciis tendencia
Semcirdeboda. Sedegebma daadastura molodinebi.
socialuri Sedarebis Teoria - Teoria emyareba mosazrebas, rom
adamians aqvT moTxovnileba icodes TavisTavi - misi unarebi Tvisebebi da
maT Soris emociebic. radgan ar arsebobs maTi gazomvis teqnikuri
saSualebebi, adamianebi amas axerxeben TavisTavis sxvasTan SedarebiT.
SeSinebul adamians CaTvlilia rom surs icodes Tavisi SiSis zusti
maxasiaTeblebi da amis gagebas Seecdeba Tavis massave mdgomareobaSi
myof individTan SedarebiT. am hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad eqsperimentul
pirobebs daemata axali niuansi. Zlieri SiSis eqsperimentul situaciaSi
subieqtebs romlebic irCevdnen sxvasTan erTad yofnas misces aseTi
alternativa, surdaT moecadaT Tavissave mdgomareobaSi myof individebTan
(e.i. romlebic monawileobas iRebdnen amave eqsperimentSi da iyvnen
mosacdel oTaxSi) Tu oTaxSi sadac iyvnen sxva individebi romlebsac am
eqsperimentTan raime Sexeba ar hqondaT. hipoTezis Tanaxmad, aseT
situaciaSi subieqtebs unda aerCiaT massave mdgomareobaSi myof
adamianebTan mocda. Sedegebma daadastura hipoTeza.

socialuri urTierTobis sikeTe

SiSisa da ganusazRvrelobis Semcireba ar aris erTaderTi mizezi Tu ratom

undaT adamianebs sxvebTan erTad yofna. socialur fsiqologiaSi aris im
sikeTis tipologiis cda, romelsac iReben individebi socialuri urTierTobebidan.
afiliaciis moTxovnebis saintereso analizi SemogvTavaza vaisma. man
CamoTvala eqvsi bazisuri 3socialuri urTierTobis Sedegi4 (Robert Weiss,
1974).
1. uSualo mWidro kavSiri aris uSiSroebisa da komfortis grZnoba,
romelsac uzrunvelyofs Cveni mWidro urTierTobebi. bavSvi mWidrodaa
kavSirSi mSobelTan. mozrdilebi aseT intimurobas ganicdian meuRlisadmi,
megobrebisadmi.
2. socialuri integracia aris gaziarebuli interesebis da atitudebis qona. es
xSirad uzrunvelyofilia urTierTobebiT megobrebTan, TanamSromlebTan,
erTi gundis wevrebTan, eklesiasTan, mezoblebTan da a.S. aseTi

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urTierTobebi miuTiTeben kompanionobaze da iZleva sociumisadmi
mikuTvnebis grZnobas.
3. Rirsebis dacva uzrunvelyofilia roca sxvebi mxars uWeren Cvens
grZnobas rom varT kompetenturni da mniSvnelobis mqone individebi.
4. sando kavSiris grZnoba gulisxmobs imis codnas, rom arseboben
adamianebi, romlebic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dagvexmarebian.
5. xelmZRvaneloba uzrunvelyofilia konsultantebis, maswavleblebis,
eqimebis, megobrebis da sxvaTa mier romlebsac mivmarTavT rCevisa da
informaciisaTvis.
6. mzrunvelobis SesaZlebloba aris maSin, rodesac pasuxismgebelni varT
sxva pirebis keTildReobisaTvis. sxvebisaTvis zrunva uzrunvelyofs Cvens
grZnobas, rom saWironi da mniSvnelovanni varT.
cnobilia socialuri urTierTobebis sikeTis gansxvavebuli tipologiac, sadac
xazgasma keTdeba pirovnuli urTierTobebis gansxvavebul funqciebze.
zogierTi mkvlevari dainteresebulia imiT, Tu ra wvlili Seaqvs interpersonalur
urTierTobebs fsiqikuri da fizikuri janmrTelobis saqmeSi, am aspeqtiT
dominirebulia socialuri mxardaWeris cneba. miuTiTeben socialuri
mxardaWeris gansxvavebul saxeebze: instrumentaluri mxardaWera, igu-
lisxmeba finansuri an sxva sikeTiT mxardaWera an momsaxureobiTi
daxmareba da informaciuli mxardaWera, saxelmZRvaneloebiT, rCevebiT da
sasargeblo informaciiT mxardaWera.
dedamiwaze mcxovreb miliardobiT adamianebidan TiToeuls
CvenTagans urTierToba aqvs mxolod Zalian mcire nawilTan. Cven tendencia
gvaqvs SevzRudoT im adamianebis raodenoba, romelTanac urTierToba
gvaqvs im codniT, rac gvaqv maT Sesaxeb mocemul momentSi. im mcire
nawilidan adamianebisa visac vxvdebiT Cven seleqcias vaxdenT Tu visTan
davamyaroT metnaklebad mWidro urTierToba. dgeba sakiTxi ris safuZvelze
vaxdenT SerCevas Tu vin unda vicodeT da visi ignorireba movaxdinoT?
socialur fsiqologiaSi es sakiTxi ganixileba interpersonaluri mizidvis
problematikaSi.

interpersonaluri mizidva

socialur fsiqologiur literaturaSi mizidva da mowoneba ganixilebian

TiTqmis rogorc sinonimuri cnebebi. mowonebaSi igulisxmeba pirveladi
pozitiuri emocionaluri damokidebuleba romelic SemdgomSi ufro Rrma
emocionalur damokidebulebaSi SeiZleba gadaizardos. erTi sityviT,
mowoneba (mizidva) warmoadgens atituds romelic gviyalibdeba sxva
adamianis Sesaxeb da aseTi atitudis CamoyalibebaSi ZiriTad rols afeqti
TamaSobs. e.i. interpersonaluri mizidva gulisxmobs interpersonalur
Sefasebas, romelic mowoneba-armowonebis ganzomilebaSi lokalizirdeba.

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socialuri percepciis ganxilvisas Cven vnaxeT, rom individis mier individis
aRqmaSi wamyvania saSemfaseblo ganzomileba, romelsac emocionaluri
elferi aqvs. rodesac vinmes an rames vafasebT am obieqtisadmi pozitiuri
grZnoba gadamwyvetia misi SefasebisaTvis.
mowoneba gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa interpersonalur
urTierTobaSi, radgan amiT ganisazRvreba individebis urTierTqmedeba.
mowoneba praqtikulad moqmedebs urTierTobis nebismier fazaze - Tu
ramdenad irCeven isini erTmaneTs, ramdenad axdenen gavlenas erTmaneTze
da a.S. rodesac individi xvdeba vinmes pirveli kiTxva romelsac is svams aris
Semdegi: momwons is me? movewone me mas?
nebismieri individi (Tqvenis CaTvliT) moswons zogierTs, ar moswons
zogierTs da zogierTi mis mimarT neitralur damokidebulebas iCens. dgeba
sakiTxi, ra gansazRvravs imas, Tu vin mogvewoneba da vin ara? unda
vivaraudoT, rom mowoneba efuZneba TviT im piris individualur
maxasiaTeblebs da qcevebs, visac afaseben (mag. misi xibli, goniereba da
a.S.). e.i. Cven vreagirebT im individebis garkveul aspeqtebze visac
vafasebT, Cveni Sefaseba am aspeqtebs efuZneba. magram aRmoCnda, rom
Cvens mowoneba armowonebaze gavlenas axdenen faqtorebi, romlebsac
araferi aqvT saerTo TviT individTan. xSirad, aRmoCnda, rom mowonebaze
gavlenas axdens Tu rogor interpretacias aZlevs Semfasebeli Sesafasebeli piris
individualur maxasiaTeblebs (mag. xibls da gonierebas). mowoneba
nawilobriv damokidebulia agreTve Semfasebel da Sesafasebel individebs
Soris msgavseba gansxvavebaze (mag. gansxvaveba demografiul
monacemebSi, rwmenebSi, atitudebSi da a.S.). bolos, mowonebaze gavlenas
axdens agreTve socialuri kontaqtebi, romlebSic urTierTqmedeben isini.
bolos, mowonebaze moqmedebs agreTve afiliaciis moTxovnileba Tu
ramdenadaa is Semfaseblis pirovnuli maxasiaTebeli.
interpersonaluri mizidvis kvlevebis mizania im faqtorebis identifikacia,
romlebic gansazRvraven interpersonalur Sefasebas.

siaxlove - rogorc mowonebis ganmsazRvreli

nacnoboba ufro xSirad iwyeba SemTxveviTi kontaqtebiT. SemTxveviTi

kontaqtebis seriebs mivyavarT nacnobobis Camoyalibebamde. fsiqologiurad
Cven vgrZnobT met komfortulobas nacnobi saxeebis garemocvaSi.
SemCneulia, rom infantebic ki pozitiurad reagireben ucxoze, misi
ramdenimejer danaxvis Semdeg. Tavidan ki ucxos danaxvaze infantebi
negatiuradad reagireben.
jer kidev 30-an wlebSi dadgenil iqna, rom garemos is aspeqtebi romlebic
zrdis (fizikuri manZili) ori individis regularuli Sexvedris Sanss, zrdis
albaTobas, rom isini TandaTan nacnobebi gaxdebian da moewonebaT

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erTmaneTi (Festinger,Schachter & Back,1950). mag. universitetSi auditoriaSi
erTmaneTis gverdiT jdomiT, an studenTa saerTo sacxovrebelSi erTad
yofniT, studentebi xdebian nacnobebi da yalibdeba mowonebiTi
damokidebuleba, miuxedavad imisa aqvT Tu ara msgavsi akademiuri
moswreba, socialuri foni an hobi.
siaxlovis faqtoris mniSvnelobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saintereso
kvleva ganaxorciela vaitma (W. H. Whyte, 1956). kvleva Catarda axal
aSenebul suburbanul dasaxlebaSi - sadac yvela saxli erTmaneTis msgavsi
iyo, mcxovreblebma saxlebi da mezoblebi airCies SemTxveviTi principiT.
dasaxlebaSi ar arsebobda 3ukeTesi4 zona da ufro iafi saxli. dasaxlebis
sxvadasxva nawili ar gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan. e.i. am qalaqis
mosaxleoba warmoadgenda adamianebis sakmaod did jgufs, romelic saxlebSi
SemTxveviTi principiT gaanawiles.
dakvirveba xdeboda imaze, Tu vin vis epatiJeboda, vin visTan daiwyebda
megobrobas - saerTo Sedegi iyo is, rom damegobrdnen is individebi,
romlebic erTmaneTTan axlos cxovrobdnen.
aseTive efeqti iyo miRebuli festinjeris da misi kolegebis kvlevaSi
(Festinger,Schachter & Back), romlebmac ikvlies megobrobis nimuSebis
Camoyalibeba mravalbinian saxlebSi. akvirdebodnen 70 orsarTulian saxlSi
ganawilebul macxovreblebs. saxli Seicavda 10 binas, 5 pirvel sarTulze da 5
meoreze. macxovreblebi SemTxveviTi principiT ikavebdnen binas. e.i.
TviTon ar irCevdnen arc binas da arc mezoblebs. yovel mobinadres dausves
kiTxva 3am saxlSi mcxovreb romel sam adamians xedav socialurad ufro
xSirad4? aqac Sedegebi aCvenebdnen, rom ufro mWidro urTierToba
yalibdeboda im adamianebs Soris, romlebic fizikurad erTmaneTTan ufro
axlos cxovrobdnen. dgeba sakiTxi ratom?
gameorebuli eqspoziciis efeqti. varaudoben, rom fizikuri siaxlove
gavlenas axdens mowonebaze gameorebuli eqspoziciis gamo. anu sivrciTi
ganlagebis gamo zogierTi adamiani ufro xSirad xvdeba erTmaneTs da
ganicdebian, rogorc maTi regularuli yoveldRiuri rutinis nawili. Tu rogor
SeiZleba ganmeorebulma eqspoziciam gavlena moaxdinos mowonebaze
SesaniSnavi gamokvleva SemogvTavaza zaionkma (Zajonc,1968). erTerT
kvlevaSi subieqtebs aCvenebdnen ekranze Turqul sityvebs (igulisxmeba rom
subieqtebma ar ician Turquli). sityvebis eqspoziciisas ramdenime sityva
meordeboda, sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro xSirad. amis Semdeg subieqtebs
sTxovdnen moeZebnaT sityvebis mniSvneloba. aRmoCnda rom arsebobda
Zlieri tendencia mieweraT pozitiuri mniSvneloba xSirad gameorebuli sityve-
bisaTvis (igive dadasturda rodesac Turquli sityvebis nacvlad eqsperimentSi
uazro sityvebi iyo gamoyenebuli). am efeqts zaionki uwodebs gameorebuli
eqspoziciis efeqts. xSiri eqspozicia iwvevs nacnobobis gancdas, rasac
mihyavs individi mowonebamde.

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 meore kvlevaSi zaionki subieqts uCvenebs adamianebis pasportul suraTs
da sTxovs Sefasebas Tu ramdenad moswondaT TiToeuli suraTSi aRbeWdili
da rogor fiqrobdnen, ramdenad moewonebodaT is adamiani, romlis suraTsac
aTvaliereben. amasTan eqsperimentis ganmavlobaSi subieqtebi zogierT
suraTs xedavdnen erTxel an orjer, xolo zogierTs uCvenebdnen ocjer an
metjer. Sedegebi aCvenebdnen, rom aqac nacnobobas (xSir eqspozicias)
qonda igive efeqti. rac ufro xSirad xedavda subieqti suraTs, miT ufro
moswonda is da afiqsirebda, rom moewoneboda is individi, romelic suraTze
iyo gamoxatuli.
bolos unda aRiniSnos agreTve fridmanis, karlsmitis da soumis
eqsperimenti, romelic adamianebis uSualo nacnobobis efeqts exeba.
subieqturi wyvilebi, laboratoriul situaciaSi, xvdebian erTmaneTs samjer,
eqvsjer an Tormetjer. subieqtebi manamde ar icnobdnen erTmaneTs da ar iyo
dagegmili maTi winaswari saubrebi. Sexvedrebis seriebis Semdeg subieqtebs
sTxovdnen eTqvaT ramdenad moswonda yovel maTgans meore subieqti.
Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom rac ufro xSiri iyo Sexvedrebi, miT ufro
moswondaT erTmaneTi (Freedman, Karlsmith & Soumy, 1967)
sargeblianoba - siaxlovis efeqtis umartivesi axsnaa is, rom adamianebi
romlebic axlos arian erTmaneTisagan, ufro asargebleben erTmaneTs, vidre
isini romlebic Sors arian. individs ar SeiZleba moswondes an megobari iyos
misi visac ar icnobs, an megobari iyos misi visac iSviaTad xvdeba.
adamianebi megobrebad irCeven imas, visac kargad icnoben. sxvaTa Soris
mtersac am principiT irCevs adamiani. damokidebuleba rogorc pozitiuri ise
negatiuri, Cveulebriv imaTTan gvaqvs, visac sistematurad xvdebiT, visac
vicnobT. erTi saintereso niuansia SemCneuli siaxlovesa da mowonebas Soris
damokidebulebaSi, kerZod rom siaxlove upirveles yovlisa ufro pozitiur
urTierTobas uyris safuZvels vidre negatiurs.
gagrZelebuli urTierTqmedeba. rodesac individma icis, rom moxvdeba
garkveul situaciaSi, is cdilobs daarwmunos TavisTavi, rom es iqneba
sasiamovno an yovel SemTxvevaSi, arc ise arasasiamovno iqneba. aseve,
individs, romelic momavalSi vinmesTan urTierTobas moelis, tendencia aqvs
gaazviados misi pozitiuri Tvisebebi da moaxdinos negatiuri Tvisebebis
ignorireba, yovel SemTxvevaSi Seamciros misi negatiuri Tvisebebis xarisxi.
erTi sityviT, adamianebi cdiloben daarwmunon TavianTi Tavi, rom
urTierTobebi sasiamovno iqneba. cxadia, roca individi winaswar gadawyvets,
rom individi kargia, mas ufro moewoneba es individi roca Sexvdeba mas
momavalSi. Tu is individi karis mezobelia, individi interesiT moelis masTan
kontaqtebs da surs rom es kontaqtebi sasiamovno iyos. e.i. adamianebi
motivirebulni arian pozitiurad aRiqvan is individi, romelTanac Semdeg
urTierTobebs moelis (mezobeli, an universitetis pirvelkurselebi erTmaneTis
percepciaSi). es kargad damtkicda mTel rig kvlevebSi.

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 sxva adamianebTan mosalodnel urTierTqmedebas aqvs meore efeqtic.
garda imisa, rom sasiamovno pirovnebas moelis, aseT situaciaSi adamians
tendencia aqvs TviTonac sasiamovno STabeWdileba datovos da Sesabamisad
iqceva. pirvel Sexvedrebze, icis ra rom Sexvedrebi xSiri iqneba, individi
cdilobs iyos momxiblavi, Tavs aridebs konfliqts, mxars uWers megobrulobas.
amrigad, roca individebi moelian momaval xangrZliv urTierTobebs, metia
albaToba rom gaxdnen megobrebi. amas xels uwyobs rogorc percepciuli
darRveva, ise mcdeloba datovos sxvaze kargi STabeWdileba.
winaswarmetyvelebadoba. siaxlovis efeqtis gansxvavebuli axsna
mdgomareobs imaSi, Tu ramdenad SegviZlia individis qcevis
winaswarmetyveleba. dasaSvebia, rom rac ufro xSirad vxvdebiT individs,
miT ufro kargad vecnobiT mas da ukeTesad SegviZlia winaswarmetyveleba
imisa, Tu amaTu im situaciaSi rogor moiqceva is. roca Cven SegviZlia imis
winaswarmetyveleba, Tu rogor moiqceva an rogor ireagirebs Cvens qcevaze
sxva, miT ufro naklebadaa mosalodneli, rom iqneba momabezrebeli, da
piriqiT, Cvenc viqnebiT naklebad momabezrebeli misTvis. bolosdabolos,
individebi swavloben Tu rogor moiqcnen raTa Tavidan aicilon
usiamovnebani da amdenad ar iZlevian usiamovnebebis mizezs ganzraxvis
gareSe. es tendencia aadvilebs megobrobas.
gamonaklisebi siaxlovis pozitiur efeqtebSi. aRmoCnda, rom xSiri
kontaqti yovelTvis ar gvaZlevs mowonebas. Tu individi pirvel SexvedraSi
uaryofiT STabeWdilebas tovebs, momdevno Sexvedrebi ver gazrdis
mowonebas. sawyisi Sefasebis da mowonebas Soris urTierTobas exeba frid-
manisa da siumis (1967) kvlevebi. eqsperimentSi, asistents laboratoriaSi
Semoyavs sami subieqti, sadac maT xvdeba kidev erTi subieqti romelic
faqtiurad aris eqsperimentatoris Tanamonawile. erTi sityviT oTxive - sami
namdvili da erTi cru subieqti ucdis eqsperimentatoris mosvlas. sanam
eqsperimentatori gamoCndeba cru subieqti axorcielebs garkveul aqtiobebs,
romelic subieqtebs eCvenebaT an rogorc sasiamovno, an rogorc ara sasi-
amovno. pirvel SemTxvevaSi cru cdispiri asistents ekiTxeba Tu sad aris
eqsperimentatori, rom is wuxs imaze, aris Tu ara yvelaferi wesrigSi. asistenti
uxsnis, rom profesori cotaTi dakavebulia da male mova. cru cdispiri
madlobas uxdis asistents da agrZelebs mocdas. saubari mimdinareobs
sakmaod zrdilobian tonSi, cru subieqti amJRavnebs interes da zrunvas da ara
gabrazebas, amis Semdeg Semodis eqsperimentatori da iwyeba kvleva.
meore, arasasiamovno STabeWdilebis situaciaSi urTierToba diametrulad
gansxvavebulia. cru subieqti iwyebs laparaks sakmaod gaRizianebuli toniT,
moiTxovs sakmaod uxeSad, uTxran bolosdabolos sad aris eqsperimentatori,
ratom droze ar movida. rom didi xania icdis da ar apirebs drois xarjvas am
suleluri eqsperimentisaTvis. rodesac asistenti cdilobs auxsnas mdgomareoba,
is iyenebs sakmaod damamcirebel epiTetebs, awyvetinebs mas laparaks da

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a.S. am dros Semodis eqsperimentatori da iwyeba kvleva. am incidents
hqonda garkveuli efeqti. aRmoCnda, rom subieqtebs hqondaT tendencia
moswondeT sasiamovno cru subieqti da ar moswondeT arasasiamovno
subieqti.
amis Semdeg subieqtebi xvdebodnen amave cru subieqts samjer, an
eqvsjer, an Tormetjer. bolos cdispirebs sTxovdnen mieTiTebinaT Tu
ramdenad moswondaT is. rogorc moelodnen, rac ufro xSiri iyo sasiamovno
subieqtTan Sexvedra, miT ufro moswondaT is subieqtebs; da piriqiT,
arasasiamovno subieqtebis Sefasebaze gavlenas ar axdenda Sexvedrebis
sixSire. imaT, romlebic cru subieqtebs Tormetjer xvdebodnen ufro ar
moswondaT is, imaTTan SedarebiT, romlebic eqvsjer an samjer xvdeboda.
e.i. nacnoboba (xSiri eqspozicia) iZleoda mowonebis gazrdas imis mimarT,
romlic Tavidan neitralurad iyo Sefasebulni, magram ar hqonda araviTari
efeqti, roca Tavidan cru subieqtis mimarT armowonebas ganicdidnen. es
xdeba maSin, roca sxva danarCeni pirobebi ucvlelia. SesaZlebelia ufro
eqstensiur kontaqtebs moeca mowonebis gazrda am arasasiamovno cru
cdispiris mimarTac, magram im SemTxvevaSi Tu raRacnairad pirobebi
Seicvleba.
garda amisa, miuTiTeben, rom Tu sawyisi Sefaseba aris saSualod
negatiuri, gazrdil nacnobobas eqneba garkveuli efeqti. zaionkis zemoT
miTiTebul eqsperimentSi, zogierTi sawyisi Sefaseba iyo negatiuris mxareze
da dadasturda nacnobobis efeqti. amrigad, Cans, rom negatiur sawyis
Sefasebas aqvs nacnobobis efeqtis darRvevis tendencia.
rogorc prejudisebis ganxilvisas mivuTiTeT, xSir kontaqtebs SeuZlia
prejudisebis Semcireba an moxsna, magram amisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli
pirobebis dacva, razedac Cven dawvrilebiT vilaparakeT da aq ar gavi-
meorebT.
amrigad, kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom xSir kontaqtebs aqvT
dadebiTi efeqti. siaxloves mivyavarT mowonebamde. pirvel rigSi, siaxlove
adamianebs damegobrebis saSualebas aZlevs. bolosdabolos megobars
irCeven iqedan visac icnoben. garda amisa siaxlove gulisxmobs gagrZelebul
urTierTobas da zrdis sxvisi qcevis winaswarmetyvelebis SesaZleblobas.

emocionaluri mdgomareoba rogorc mowonebis ganmsazRvreli

Cven ganvicdiT da gamovxatavT emociebs Cvens yoveldRiur

cxovrebaSi. pozitiuri da negatiuri movlenebi Cvens cxovrebaSi gavlenas
axdens Cvens zogad guneba-ganwyobaze, anu afeqtur mdgomareobaze.
Cveulebrivi termini afeqti gamoiyeneba raTa miuTiToT emociebze da
grZnobebze. ori mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli afeqtisa aris intensioba
(emociis siZliere) da mimarTuleba (emocia aris pozitiuri Tu negatiuri).

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afeqtis pozitiur-negatiuri ganzomileba qmnis kontinuums, romlis erT boloSi
lokalizirdeba ukiduresad pozitiuri, xolo meore boloSi ukiduresad negatiuri
afeqturi mdgomareoba, neitraluris gavliT. CaTvililia, rom afeqturi
mdgomareoba gavlenas axdens Cvens percepciaze, kogniciaze, motivaciaze,
gadawyvetilebis miRebaze da interpersonalur Sefasebaze.
musika, emociebi da mowoneba. musika sakmaod gavrcelebulia Cven
sazogadebriv cxovrebaSi da amasTan is SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros individis
kontrols. amdenad SeiZleba misi garedan kontrolireba. antropologma jeims
Saferma Semoiara asze meti Ramis kabare da SeamCnia, rom sevdiani
(minoruli) musikis foni asocirebuli iyo alkoholis naklebi raodenobiT
miRebasTan. aqedan gamomdinare dasves sakiTxi, musikas, rogorc emociis
gamomwvev stimuls, aseve aqvs Tu ara gavlena interpersonalur qcevaze?
mei da hamiltonma (May & Hamilton,1980) ikvlies emociebsa da
mizidvas Soris urTierToba musikis gamoyenebiT. mkvlevarebma jer ikvlies
Tu romeli stilis musika moswondaT kolejis student gogonebs. dadginda, rom
maT rok-musika gacilebiT ufro moswondaT vidre klasikuri musika. amis
Semdeg, gogona studentebs sTxovdnen ucxo mamakacis suraTebis Sefasebas
mowonebis skalaze. Sefasebis periodSi rogorc foni ismoda an rok-musikis
hangebi, an klasikuri musikis hangebi, an Sefaseba xdeboda yovelgvari
musikaluri fonis gareSe. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom gogonebi met mowonebas
gamoxatavdnen am suraTebis Sefasebisas roca Sefaseba rok-musikis
mosmenis fonze mimdinareobda. naklebi iyo mowonebis xarisxi klasikuri
musikis fonis pirobebSi, da ufro naklebi iyo, roca Sefaseba musikaluri fonis
gareSe xdeboda. garda amisa zogierTi mamakacis suraTi rok-musikis fonze
ufro mimzidvelad fasdeboda, vidre klasikuri musikis fonze. amdenad,
CaiTvala, rom musika moqmedebda individis guneba-ganwyobaze (afeqtur
mdgomareobaze) guneba-ganwyoba ki interpersonalur Sefasebaze.
emociis sxva wyaroebis efeqti. kvleviTi monacemebi konsistenturad
miuTiTeben, rom movlenebi romlebic iwveven pozitiur grZnobebs zrdian
interpersonalur mowonebas, xolo negatiuri movlenebi amcireben mas. mona-
cemebi miRebuli iqna iseTi pirobebidan, rogoricaa maRali haeris
temperatura, arakomfortabeluri notio oTaxi, keTili-daboloebis winaaRmdeg
kritikuli filmebis yureba da a.S.
aseve kvlevebma aCvenes, rom depresiuli individebi CvenSi arakomfortul
grZnobas iwvevs da Cvenc naklebad mogvwons is.
ikvlies agreTve radioTi mosmenili kargi iaxali ambebi winaaRmdeg cudi
axali ambebis gavlena interpersonalur qcevaze. veitCma da grifitma (Veitch
& Griffitt, 1976) raTa SeemowmebinaT es hipoTeza subieqts kvlevis
dawyebis win radioTi moasmenines axali ambebi (subieqtebi faqtiurad
usmendnen winaswar momzadebul audio Canawers). aRmoCnda, rom kargi
axali ambebi iwvevda pozitiur emocionalur reaqcias da subieqtebi romlebic

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mas usmendnen Sedegad gamoxatavdnen met mowonebas ucxos mimarT.
cudi axali ambebis mosmenas qonda sawinaaRmdego efeqti. mcirdeboda
mowoneba.
mraval SemTxvevaSi, Cven SeiZleba ar vacnobierebdeT Cveni pozitiuri
an negatiuri grZnobebis wyaros, magram miuxedavad amisa isini
moqmedeben Cvens qcevaze gansakuTrebiT Sefasebaze. amrigad,
eqsperimentuli monacemebi konsistenturad miuTiTeben, rom pozitiur
grZnobebs mivyavarT pozitiur Sefasebamde da negatiur grZnobebs negatiur
Sefasebamde. dgeba sakiTxi am fenomenis meqanizmis Sesaxeb.
mowoneba, rogorc ganpirobebuli reaqcia. afeqtsa da Sefasebas Soris
urTierTobis axsna nacadia e.w. daswavlis Teoriis poziciebidan. kerZod,
nacadia misi axsna daswavlis ganmtkicebis modeliT. daswavlis Teoriis
poziciebidan afeqtma mowonebaze SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos ori gziT:
(1) e.w. pirdapiri efeqti - roca meore piri ambobs an akeTebs iseT rames,
romelic CvenSi iwvevs dadebiT an negatiur grZnobas (igrZno Tavi kargad an
cudad). aSkaraa, Cven mogvwons is individi, romelic gvagrZnobinebs
kargad, iwvevs dadebiT grZnobas da ar mogvewoneba is, romelic Tavs
gvagrZnobinebs cudad, iwvevs negatiur grZnobas. am dvSvebidan
gamomdinareobs, rom yoveli cvladi (vTqvaT gameorebuli eqspozicia)
romelsac mivyavarT mowonebis gazrdamde aris am cvladis mier gamowveuli
pozitiuri grZnobebis Sedegi. e.i. mowoneba warmoadgens am SemTxvevaSi
ganpirobebul reaqcias.
(2) grZnobebsa da mowonebas Soris urTierTobis ganmtkicebis modeliT
axsnas aqvs damatebiTi nagulisxmevi azri, romelic asociaciuri efeqtis
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. Cven vreagirebT ara marto im individebze, romelic
CvenSi iwvevs garkveul grZnobebs, aramed vreagirebT im individebze,
romlebic ubralod asocirebulni arian aseT grZnobebTan. sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, roca individi ubralod, Tundac SemTxveviT aris situaciaSi, roca
Tqveni grZnoba iyo pozitiuri an negatiuri (da romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli
am pirTan), Tqveni Sefaseba am individisa iqmneba am emocionalur fonze.
esaa is meqanizmi Tu ratom axdens gavlenas musika, siTbo, kino, radio-
svtelevizio axali ambebi da sxva Sefasebaze. es faqtorebi aRgviZraven
dadebiT an uaryofiT grZnobebs; es grZnobebi asocirebuli xdeba
individebTan, romlebic SemTxveviT SeiZleba iyvnen asocirebuli am
situaciasTan; Sesabamisad Cven gviCndeba tendencia mogvwondes an ar
mogvwondes es individi.

afiliaciis moTxovnileba

rogorc aRvniSneT, drois umetes nawils Cven vxarjavT sxva

adamianebTan erTad. iseTi aqtiobebi, rogoricaa axali megobrebis SeZena,

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iyo megobrebTan, SesZlo grZnobebi gaunawilo sxvebs, Cvens
sazogadoebaSi mniSvnelovnadaa Sefasebuli. CaTvlilia, rom megobrebis yola
aris Sinaganad pozitiuri. amasTan, isic simarTlea, rom individebi
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan afiliaciis moTxovnilebaSi. zogierTi
adamiani drois umetes nawilSi marto yofnas arCevs, maSin roca zogierTebi
Zalian socialurebi arian. aseTi pirovnuli gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovan
faqtoradaa CaTvlili interpersonaluri urTierTobis anticipaciisaTvis.
afiliaciis moTxovnileba rogorc pirovnuli Tviseba. miureis Semdeg,
afiliaciis moTxovnileba mravali kuTxiT gaizoma. kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom
maRali afiliaciis moTxovnebis mqone mamakacebi SedarebiT TviT-darwmu-
nebulebi arian, aqvT tendencia meti isaubron mimzidvel qalebTan dabali
afiliaciis moTxovnilebis mqone individebTan SedarebiT. kolejis studentebs,
romelTa afiliaciis moTxovnileba maRalia, tendencia aqvT yavdeT meti
megobrebi vidre im studentebs, romlebsac es maCveneblebi dabali aqvT.
afiliaciis moTxovnileba gaazrebuli iqna, ramdenadme, rogorc
megobrobis motivcia. daSvebulia, rom zogierTi ufro Zlieraa motivirebuli,
vidre sxvebi, Tbili interpersonaluri urTierTobebisaTvis. saSualo skolis
megobrobis motivaciis maRali maCveneblebis mqone moswavleebma,
megobrobis motivaciis dabali maCveneblebis mqone moswavleebTan
SedarebiT, icodnen ufro meti megobrebis Sesaxeb, yavdaT ufro myari
megobrebi da maswavleblebi maT afasebdnen rogorc megobrulebs,
afeqturebs, TanamSromlurebs, bednierebs da rom isini arian ufro popu-
larulebi.
individebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan ara marto afiliaciis da
megobrobis motivaciis mixedviT, aramed TavianTi socialuri unarebiTac.
aRmoCnda, garkveul rols TamaSobs agreTve dabadebis rigi. pirveli
dabadebuli, umcros da-ZmebTan SedarebiT aris ufro meti socialuri unaris.
imaT, visac hyavs sawinaaRmdego sqesis ufrosi siblingi, aRmoCnda rom
sawinaaRmdego sqesis wevrebTan aqvT meti damajerebeli urTierTqmedeba.
mas Semdeg rac urTierToba Camoyalibebulia, maRali afiliaciis
moTxovnebis mqone studentebi aRmoCnda, rom kmayofilebi arian roca
urTierToba progresirdeba. afiliaciis dabali donis mqone studentebs ki
tendencia hqondaT am situaciaSi yofiliyvnen ukmayofilo, gansakuTrebiT Tu
maT aqvT damoukideblobis moTxovnileba. aseTi gansxvavebuli afiliaciis
moTxovnilebis mqone individebi urTierTqmedebis Sedegad gasagebia rom
Secbunebulebi darCebian erTmaneTiT. erTs siamovnebs mWidro
urTierToba, meores swored urTierTobis damyarebiT SeiZleba ubeduri
darCes.

faqtorebi, romlebic gansazRvraven ufro Rrma emocionaluri urTierTobis

Camoyalibebas

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 roca ori individi xvdeba erTmaneTs, siaxlovis gamo CamouyalibdaT
erTmaneTis mimarT dadebiTi grZnobebi, da Tu TiToeuls aqvs afiliaciis
maRali moTxovnileba, unda movelodeT rom daiwyeba urTierTqmedeba.
ganviTardeba Tu ara aqedan ufro Rrma emocionaluri damokidebuleba,
megobroba, ukve damokidebulia sxva faqtorebze, kerZod urTierTobaSi
myofi individebis fizikur mimzidvelobaze, maT msgavsebaze garkveul
pirovnul maxasiaTeblebSi da imaze, Tu ramdenad avlenen isini urTierT
pozitiur Sefasebas (reciprikuloba pozitiur SefasebaSi).
fizikuri mimzidveloba. pirveli STabeWdileba umTavresad emyareba
garegnobas. roca vinmes vxvdebiT pirvelad, Cven maSinve vamCnevT iseT
maxasiaTeblebs, rogoricaa rasa, simaRle, wona, Cacmuloba, saxe, Tmis feri
da a.S. Cven midrekili varT garkveuli rwmenebi da prejudisebi gvqondes
Camoyalibebuli aseT faqtorebze warsuli gamocdilebis da stereotipebis
safuZvelze.
erTerTi faqtori, romelic met-naklebad Seswavlilia, aris fizikuri
mimzidveloba.
mimzidvelobis efeqti. mamakacisa da qalis urTierTobisas oriveze
moqmedebs partnioris mimzidveloba. SemTxveviTi ar aris,rom komerciul
video-servisis filmebSi ufro xSirad arCeven mimzidvel mamakacebs da
qalebs - da amas garkveuli azri aqvs - orive sqesis individisaTvis.
aRmoCnda, agreTve, rom qalebi aseve pozitiurad reagireben maRali statusis
mamakacebzec.
aRmoCnda, rom arsebobs individualuri gansxvaveba mimzidvelobisadmi
mniSvnelobis miniWebaSi. mag. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom tradiciuli seqs-
tipis mamakacebi da qalebi ufro pozitiurad reagireben fizikur
mimzidvelobaze vidre hermofroditebi.
arsebobs zogadi daSveba, rom mimzidveli adamianebi agreTve floben
mTel rig sxva pozitiur Tvisebebs. rogorc qalebi ise mamakacebi aRniSnaven,
rom mimzidveli adamianebi arian ufro sainteresoebi, socialurebi,
damoukideblebi, seqsualurad Tbilebi. naklebad mimzidveli adamianebi
varaudoben rom arian deviantebi mravalnairad, arian fsiqopaTologiurebi,
politikurad radikalistebi, homoseqsualistebi. fizikurad mimzidveli
mamakacebi Sefasebulni arian rogorc ufro mamakacurebi da mimzidveli
gogonebi rogorc ufro qalurebi nakleb mimzidvelebTan SedarebiT.
rwmena, romelic exeba mimzidvel da aramimzidvel individebs,
arsebiTad miaCniaT, rom emyareba kulturul gadaxrebs da amdenad ar aris
dakavSirebuli im faqtiur Tvisebebze, romelic individs gaaCnia. miuxedavad
amisa, arsebobs zogierTi qceviseuli da pirovnuli gansxvavebebi, romelic
dakavSirebulia garegnobasTan. mag. aRmoCnda, rom mimzidveli
mamakacebi da qalebi kargad urTierToben sawinaaRmdego sqesis

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individebTan. mimzidvel mamakacebs meti socialuri urTierToba aqvT
qalebTan da naklebi sxva mamakacebTan. isini arian ra mimzidvelebi,
naklebad aqvT uaryofis SiSi. mimzidveli qalebi, sxvebTan ar urTierToben
ufro mets vidre aramimzidvelebi da isini naklebad TviTdajerebulebi da
naklebad mimdobni arian vidre mamakacebi. mimzidveli adamianebi ufro
moelian warmatebas socialur situaciaSi da aRweven kidec sinamdvileSi.
korelaciuri kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom mimzidveloba pozitiur korelaciaSia
ganaTlebaSi miRwevasTan, SemosavalTan, profesionalur prestiJTan da
fsiqikur sijansaResTan. aRmoCnda, rom vinc mimzidvelia met dros xarjavs
sarkeSi Tavis Tavis daTvalierebaSi.
logikuria movelodeT, rom mimzidvel individebs ufro maRali TviT-
pativiscema eqnebaT vidre aramimzidvelebs, magram am or maxasiaTebels
Soris kavSiri faqtiurad Zalian susti aRmoCnda da amasTan kvlevebi ar iZleva
konsistentur monacemebs. erTerTi axsna amisa aris is, rom mimzidveli
individebi iReben imden ganmtkicebas rom nakleb Sefasebas aZleven
miRebul qaTinaurebs. aramimzidvelebi ki, ganmtkicebas romelsac isini
iReben, Tvlian, rom aris namdvili da damsaxurebuli. es mosazreba
dadasturebuli iqna saintereso eqsperimentiT (Major, Carrington & Carneval,
1984). eqsperimentSi jer gakeTda damamTavrebeli kursis studentebis
ranJireba mimzidvel da aramimzidvelebad, Semdag maT sTxoves daeweraT
mokle ese, romelsac mere Seafasebdnen sxva studentebi. Semfasebel
studentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba ecqiraT imisaTvis Tu rogor werdnen
subieqtebi eses. faqtiurad, yvela subieqti iRebda pozitiur Sefasebas
sawinaaRmdego sqesis Semfaseblisagan. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom
mimzidveli studentebi ufro miawerdnen pozitiur Sefasebas TavianTi Sromis
xarisxs Tu fiqrobdnen, rom Semfaseblebi maT ar uyurebdnen maSin, roca
aramimzidveli subieqtebi grZnobdnen, rom pozitiuri Sefaseba dakavSirebuli
iyo Sromis xarisxTan, Tu icodnen, rom Semfaseblebi maT uyurebdnen.
avtorebi aCveneben, rom naklebad mimzidveli adamianebi mcire
ganmtkicebasac aniWeben sakmao wonas, maSin roca mimzidveli individebi
ganmtkicebas ufro nakleb Sefasebas aZleven. avtorebis azriT swored amitom
ar aris mimzidveloba da TviT-Sefasebas Soris myar urTierTkavSirSi.
ra mniSvnelobas vdebT fizikur mimzidvelobaSi? Tumca adamianebs
ar aqvT problemebi imis gadawyvetaSi Tu vin aris mimzidveli da vin ara,
Zneli aRmoCnda im cvladebis zusti Camoyalibeba, romlebic
pasuxismgeblebi iqnebian mimzidvelobis Sesafaseblad.
zogadad aRmoCnda, rom qalebi pozitiurad reagireben mamakacis
garkveul fizikur maxasiaTeblebze: Txeli fexebi, viwro weli, farTe mxarbeWi,
patara dundulebi. iyo mosazreba, rom maRali individi CaTvlili iqneboda
rogorc romantikuli partniori, magram kolejis studenti gogonebi faqtiurad
upiratesobas aZleven saSualo simaRlis mamakacebs.

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 mamakacebs ki aRmoCnda rom moswonT gogonebi saSualo mkerdiT,
saSealo zomis fexebiT da dundulebiT. orive sqesisTvis simsuqne aRiqmeba
rogorc aramimzidveli. esenia is fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebsac
sxvadasxva kvlevebSi dadgenil iqna rom miaweren mimzidvel mamakacebs
da qalebs.
gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom saboloo jamSi mimzidveli figura da saxe
bevrad ar gansxvavdeba 3saSualosagan4. adamianebi mimzidvelad Tvlian
figuras, fexebs, cxvirs da a.S. romelic arc Zalian pataraa da arc Zalian didi.
langluam da rogmanma sakmaod sainteresod aCvenes es (Judith Langlois &
Lori Roggman, 1994). maT kompiuterSi Seiyvanes kolejis 32 studentis saxe
da maTi erTmaneTze dadebiT gamoiyvanes maTi saSualo ariTmetikuli.
studentebma aseTi gasaSualebuli saxe Seafases rogorc ufro mimzidveli vidre
individualuri saxeebis 92%. ase rom avtorebis azriT saSualo garegnoba
sakmaod mimzidvelad fasdeba.
garda fizikuri agebulebisa aRmoCnda rom mimzidvelobisaTvis garkveuli
mniSvneloba aqvs zogierT qcevas. mag. kvlevebi adastureben, rom Rimili
Cveulebriv mimzidvelia rogorc qalebisaTvis, ise mamakacebisaTvis, magram
mwuxarebis gamometyveleba aramimzidvelad fasdeba. video-sapaemano
situaciaSi qalebi upiratesobas aZlevdnen eqspresiul mamakacebs, maSin roca
mamakacebi negatiurad reagireben eqspresiul, eqstravertul qalebze.
garda fizikuri garegnobisa da stilisa, individis saxelmac SeiZleba
imoqmedos mimzidvelobis aRqmaze. erT kvlevaSi Tanabrad mimzidveli
qalis fotosuraTi Sefasebuli iqna rogorc ufro mimzidveli roca misi saxeli iyo
Lkathy, Jennifer an Christine vidre roca saxeli Uethel, Harriet an Gertrude.
arsebobs mimzidvelobis aRqmis situaciuri determinantebi. mag.
mamakacebi, romlebmac is isaa naxes filmi 3Carlis angelozebi4 ucxo qalebs
afasebdnen rogorc naklebad mimzidvelebs, vidre sakontrolo jgufis mama-
kacebi.
mimzidvelobaSi msgavsebis mniSvneloba. dadasturebulia zogadi
tendencia, rom adamianebi partniorad irCeven Tavisive msgavsi
mimzidvelobis individebs. es tendencia gavlenas axdens SemTxveviT
Sexvedrebze, qorwinebaze. daqorwinebuli wyvili, miuxedavad asakisa da
qorwinebis xangrZlivobisa arian msgavsebi mimzidvelobaSi. statistikuri
monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom gansxvavebuli mimzidvelobis wyvilebis ojaxi
ufro xSirad irRveva vidre msgavsi mimzidvelobisa. ufro gasaocari
aRmoCnda is faqti, rom erTi da igive sqesis megobrebic amJRavneben
tendencias mimzidvelobaSi emsgavsebodnen erTmaneTs. Tumca aRmoCnda,
rom es ufro damaxasiaTebelia mamakacebisaTvis vidre qalebisaTvis.
atitudebSi msgavseba da mowoneba. atitudebSi msgavseba rom
dakavSirebulia mowonebasTan kargad gamoCnda niukombis brwyinvaled
dagegmil gamokvlevaSi. kvleva Catarda miCiganis universitetSi. man

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specialuri kiTxvariT gazoma abiturient biWebis atitudebi. e.i. winaswar gaigo
universitetSi SemomsvlelTa atitudebi. mkvlevari miznad isaxavda gaerkvia
SeiZleboda Tu ara am monacemebis (atitudebis) safuZvelze imis
winaswarmetyveleba Tu vin visTan imegobrebda. e.i. atitudebSi msgavseba
migviyvanda Tu ara mowonebamde. rogorc zemod aRvniSneT, mowonebis
erTerT determinants siaxlove warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi siaxloves
gansazRvravda studenTa saerTo sacxovrebelSi maTi lokalizacia, rac
SesaZlebeli iyo rom gansazRvravda Tu vin vis gaicnobda da a.S. amdenad,
Tavidan atitudSi msgavseba ar iyo kavSirSi interpersonaluri mowonebis
sawyis gamoxatvasTan, radgan studentebma ar icodnen erTmaneTis atitudebi
sanam ar daamyarebdnen urTierTobas erTmaneTTan. atitudebSi msgavsebis
efeqti gamovlindeboda garkveuli droiTi xangrZlivobis Semdeg, mas Semdeg
rac gaicnobdnen erTmaneTs. Sedegebi adasturebda hipoTezas. atitudebSi
msgavseba garkveulad asocirebuli iyo mowonebasTan (Newcomb, T.M.
1956)
rogorc vxedavT, atitudSi msgavsebasa da mowonebas Soris sakmaod
mWidro kavSiri dadasturda, magram korelaciidan verafers davaskvniT
mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirze. niukombis gamokvleva gamoricxavs, rom
mowoneba SeiZleba iyos atitudebSi msgavsebis mizezi. magram am
kvlevidan verc imas vityviT danamdvilebiT, rom atitudSi msgavseba
gansazRvravs mowonebas, radgan arsebobs e.w. mesame cvladis problema.
SeiZleba mowonebasa da atitudebSi msgavsebas Soris korelacia raRac sxva
faqtorma gansazRvros. raTa gamoericxaT mesame cvladis problema, saWiro
iyo eqsperimentuli gamokvleva. marTlac daigegma eqsperimenti sadac
atitudebSi msgavsebis manipulireba xdeboda rogorc damoukidebeli cvladis
da mowoneba Sefasda, rogorc damokidebuli cvladi, sxva danarCeni pirobebi
ki mudmivi rCeboda (Byrne, D. 1961). kvlevam daadastura, rom atitudebi
SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc mowonebis erTerTi mizezi.
Cveulebriv, interpersonaluri urTierTobisas adamianebi saubroben
gansxvavebul sakiTxebze, gamoxataven TavianT damokidebulebas
gansxvavebuli sagnebisa da movlenebis mimarT, Tavisufladad gamoxataven
TavianT azrs, ra moswonT da ra ara. aseTi komunikaciiT individebi igeben
erTmaneTis atitudebis Sesaxeb. am urTierTobaSi adamianebi pozitiurad
reagireben im individebze, romlebsac msgavsi Tvalsazrisi aqvT, moswonT is
da surT masTan yofna. negatiur damokidebulebebs amJRavneben im
individisadmi, romlebic gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss avlenen.
am fenomens aqvs mTeli rigi praqtikuli gamosavali. kerZod, atitudebSi
msgavsebasa da mowonebas Soris urTierToba xsnis im faqts, Tu ratom aqvT
adamianebs tendencia ifiqron, rom umravlesoba adamianebisa maT
eTenxmebian, gansakuTrebiT isini vinc moswonT. roca individs moswons
vinme ara atituduri maxasiaTeblebis safuZvelze (vTqvaT fizikuri

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mimzidvelobisa an zogadi qarizmis gamo), aRmoCnda, rom es individi
aRiqmeba rogorc msgavsi atitudebSic. Cans, rom sxvebis zedapirul
maxasiaTeblebze pozitiur reaqcias xSirad mivyavarT mcdar rwmenamde,
rom gvaqvs msgavsi Rirebulebebi da atitudebi.

ratom mogvwons msgavsi sxva?. Teoretikosebi TiTqosda

Tanxmdebian, rom atitudebSi msgavseba aris pozitiuri imitom rom is individs
aZlevs sakuTari Sefasebis sisworis gancdas. Sesabamisad, atitudebSi
msgavseba warmoSobs pozitiur afeqts da gansxvavebuli atitudebi negatiur
afeqts. rogorc zemod aRvniSneT, afeqtebi gavlenas axdenen mowonebaze.
roca individi xedavs, rom sxvas igive Sefasebebi da rwmenebi aqvs rac mas,
es codna uzrunvelyofs mas monacemebiT, rom is sworia. Sefasebis aseTi
dadastureba ukve aris pozitiuri afeqtis gamomwvevi da adamians moswons is
vinc masSi pozitiur afeqtebs iwvevs. dauTanxmeblobas aqvs sawinaaRmdego
efeqti. is garwmunebT rom Tqven cdebiT, es iwvevs negatiur emociebs da
Sedegad ar mogwonT individi, romelic aseT arakomfortul grZnobas iwvevs.
am tendencias aqvs nagulisxmevi azri, rom adamianebs aqvT tendencia
eZebon da miiRon is informacia, romelic ganamtkicebs mis rwmenebs.
atitudebSi msgavsebis efeqtis meore axsna momdinareobs balansis
Teoriidan. haideri, niukombi, festinjeri - varaudoben, rom adamians aqvs
bunebrivi midrekileba moaxdinos Tavisi mowoneba-armowonebis
organizacia simetriulad, rac Sedegad gvaZlevs balanss. balansirebuli
mdgomareobaa, roca or individs moswons erTmaneTi da eTanxmebian
erTmaneTs imaSi razec msjeloben. roca or individs moswons erTmaneTi da
ver Tanxmdebian raRac sakiTxSi situacia disbalansuria. es mdgomareoba
arasasiamovnoa da TiToeul maTgans amotivirebs rame iRonos (vTqvaT
Secvalos atitudi mocemul sakiTxze, an Secvalos damokidebuleba meore
individTan), raTa aRadginos balansi. roca or individs ar moswonT
erTmaneTi - maSin TiToeuli indeferentulia meore individis atitudebis
mimarT.
interpersonaluri urTierToba, raTqmaunda, ar amoiwureba msgavseba-
mowonebis fenomeniT. Cven yovelTvis ar uarvyofT imas, vinc gansxvavebul
Tvalsazriss gamoxatavs. marTalia, Cven gvsurs Cveni rwmenebis
dadastureba, magram Cven gvaqvs sxva moTxovnilebebic. amitom xSirad
SeiZleba dainteresebulic ki viyoT aramsgavs ucxosTan urTierTobiT raTa
miviRoT axali informacia, ganvicadoT raRac unikaluri, specialuri da ara is,
rac yvelasaTvis saerToa. garda amisa, marTalia, vuSvebT, rom vinc ar
gveTanxmeba mas ar movwonvarT, magram es muqara SeiZleba moixsnas
Tu Cven viciT, rom is sxva vinc ar aris Cveni msgavsi ar apirebs Cvens
uaryofas, rom is Riaa gansxvavebul Tvalsazrisze diskusiisaTvis.

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 msgavseba sxva maxasiaTeblebSi. atitudebSi msgavsebasa da
mowonebas Soris urTierTobis sakiTxebze, socialuri fsiqologebi TiTqmis
erTsulovnad Tanxmdebian. rasac ver vityviT pirovnebis sxva
maxasiaTeblebsa da mowonebas Soris urTierTobaze. arada nakvlevia sakmao
raodenobis pirovnul-qceviseuli maxasiaTeblebi, maTi gavlena mowonebaze.
pirvel rigSi miuTiTeben zogierT pirovnul maxasiaTeblebze, romelic
yvelas moswons, miuxedavad msgavsebis xarisxisa. mag. aRmoCnda, rom
SedarebiT dominantur individs ufro aniWeben upiratesobas vidre submisiurs
- rogorc dominanturi ise submisiuri individebi. aseve aRmoCnda, rom rogorc
qalebs ise mamakacebs ufro moswonT konkurentuli individebi. orive sqesis
individebs ufro moewonebaT is ucxo, romelsac aqvs TavisTavis gaxsnis
tendencia.
mraval maxasiaTeblebSi, adamianebs tendencia aqvT SearCion
TavianTive msgavsi megobari. mag. aRmoCnda, rom heteroseqsualuri
mamakacebi ukiduresad negatiurad reagireben homoseqsualurebze,
miuxedavad sxva maxasiaTeblebas da atitudebSi msgavsebisa. albaT imitom,
rom seqsualuri orientaciebi Sefasebulia rogorc didi mniSvnelobis. kvlevebi
gvarwmuneben, rom kolejis studenti gogonebi studentTa saerTo
sacxovreblebSi oTaxis megobrad irCeven socialuri foniT da RirebulebebSi
msgavsebis principiT. megobrebi emsgavsebian erTmaneTs emociis saxis
gamometyvelebiT gamocnobis unarSi. rva wlis asakis Semdeg miuTiTeben,
rom arsebobs Zlieri tendencia SearCion kompanioni sakuTari asakisa.
umaRlesi skolis studentebis saukeTeso megobrebs Soris albaTurze gacilebiT
metia msgavseba asakSi, sqesSi, religiaSi da rasaSi. aRmoCnda, rom mraval
pirovnul maxasiaTeblebSi (hermafrodituli - winaaRmdeg tradiciuli seqs
rolisa, mamakaceba - qalurobis xarisxi, kognituri stili) msgavseba ufro
upiratesoba miniWebulia vidre gansxvaveba. saerTod miuTiTeben, rom sxva
maxasiaTeblebSi msgavsebis efeqti ufro sustia vidre atitudebSi msgavsebis
efeqti. amasTan aRiniSna pirovnuli msgavsebis zrda rogorc interpersonalur
urTierTqmedebis Sedegi.
kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben agreTve, rom Cven mogvwons is
individi, romlebic iseve iqcevian rogorc Cven. mag. kolejis studentebi,
sportul TamaSebSi, partniorad irCeven individs, romelic TamaSSi iseve
iqceva rogorc TviTon. kvleviT dadasturda agreTve, rom individebi romlebic
msgavsni arian TavianTi intimuri informaciis gaxsnaSi - an daxurvaSi,
erTmaneTisken miizidebian - ufro moswonT erTmaneTi. aRmoCnda rom
Cven mogvwons is, romelic Cveni qcevis imitacias axdens, akeTebs igive
arCevans da iRebs igive gadawyvetilebas rogorc Cven. umaRlesi skolis
studentebSi megobrebs tendencia aqvT msgavsni iyvnen devintur qcevebSi
(mag. narkotikebis miRebaSi). gogonebisaTvis mniSvneloba aqvs

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msgavsebas iseT sakiTxebSi rogoricaa sigaretis moweva, alkoholis miReba,
gaTxovebamdeli seqsualuroba.
azrTa didi sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia moTxovnilebebSi msgavsebis
gavlenam mowonebaze. varaudoben, rom moTxovnilebebSi SeTavsebuloba
(msgavsi moTxovnilebebi) urTierTobaSi pozitiur faqtors warmoadgens.
amasTan, daSvebul iqna isic, rom moTxovnilebebis Semavseblobasac (opo-
ziciuri moTxovnilebebi) mivyavarT mowonebamde, radgan orive individi
erTmaneTSi poulobs ganmtkicebas. mag. individisaTvis romelic Tavis
bunebiT dominanturia idealuri wyvili (megobari an meuRle) iqneba
submisiuri individi. individs romelic motivirebulia laparakisaTvis moswons
is, vinc ufro motivirebulia mosmenisaTvis. rogori gonivrulic ar unda
gveCvenebodes Semavseblobis principi, kvlevebi ufro mxars uWeren
msgavsebis mniSvnelobas. kvlevebi adastureben, rom col-qmari, romlebic
amJRavnebdnen moTxovnilebebSi msgavsebas ufro urTierTSeguebuli
meuRleebi iyvnen vidre gansxvavebuli moTxovnilebebis mqoneebi.
mogvwons is visac movwonvarT. rogorc aRvniSneT, adamianebs
moswonT is vinc maT ajildovebs an asocirebulni arian sasiamovno
gancdebTan. bolosdabolos, gviyvars mSvenieri gogona an lamazi kaci,
imitom rom gvsiamovnebs misi yureba. keTili adamianebi yovelTvis ajil-
doveben sxvebs da amitom isini ufro moswonT. igive iTqmis adamianze,
romelic megobruli, patiosani, sando da Tbilia.
dajildovebis efeqti SeiZleba aixsnas daswavlis principebiT. Tu individi
gvajildovebs an Tu Cven vinawilebT dajildovebis gancdas masTan, maSin
gancdis pozitiuri aspeqtebi daukavSirdeba am individs. amdenad is xdeba
ufro pozitiuri da ufro mogvwons.
aRmoCnda, rom rodesac qali pozitiur damokidebulebas amJRavnebs
mamakacisadmi iseTi formebiT rogoricaa TvalebiT kontaqti, simpatiis
gamovlena, saubris wamowyeba - mamakacic mowonebiT damokidebulebas
gamoxatavs mis mimarT, maSinac ki, roca atitudebSi gansxvaveba aSkaraa.
kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom megobroba Zlierdeba urTierTpativiscemis,
urTierTinteresis, erTad yofnis an komunikaciis survilis verbaluri an
araverbaluri signalebiT. aRmoCnda, rom umetes adamianebs moswonT, roca
masze pozitiurad reagireben da ar moswonT, roca negatiur grZnobebs
gamoxataven. es efeqti ilustrirebuli iqna aronsonisa da linderis mier
(Aronson,E. & Linder, D. 1965).FeqsperimentSi subieqtebi monawileobdnen
interpersonaluri urTierTqmedebis seriebSi. eqsperimentSi CarTuli iyo
agreTve e.w. cru subieqti, romelic eqsperimentatoris miTiTebiT
moqmedebda. yoveli urTierTobis seriis Semdeg subieqtebs TiTqosda
SemTxveviT esmodaT eqsperimentatoris da cru subieqtis dialogi, romelSic
cru subieqti Tavis STabeWdilebas ayalibebda subieqtis Sesaxeb. imisda
mixedviT Tu ra saxis mosazrebas gamoTqvamda cru subieqti, iqmneboda

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sami eqsperimentuli situacia: (1) cru subieqti aRniSnavda, rom moewona
subieqti da am mosazrebas icavda bolomde; (2) cru subieqti iyo kritikuli. is
aRniSnavda rom ar moswonda subieqti da bolomde icavda Tavis negatiur
pozicias; (3) cru subieqti dialogis dasawyisSi uaryofiT Sefasebas aZlevda
subieqts, magram dialogis msvlelobaSi icvlida mosazrebas da dialogi
subieqtis dadebiTad SefasebiT mTavrdeboda. eqsperimentebis seriebis
damTavrebis Semdeg namdvil subieqtebs sTxovdnen cru subieqtis Sefasebas.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, subieqtebis mier cru subieqtis Sefaseba
warmoadgenda cru subieqtis mier maTi Sefasebis sapasuxo reaqcias.
eqsperimenti Seicavda agreTve erT saintereso variacias - situacia, romelSic
cru subieqti iwyebda subieqtis negatiuri SefasebiT da TandaTanobiT
gadadioda pozitiur Sefasebaze. e.i. zogierTi subieqti usmenda cru subieqtis
Sefasebas - romelsac moswonda subieqti Tavidanve da agrZelebda aseT
Sefasebas bolomde. zogierTi subieqti ki usmenda cru subieqts, romelsac
Tavidan ar moswonda subieqti magram amTavrebda imiT, rom moswonda
subieqti.
Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom orive situaciaSi subieqtebi
mowonebas gamoxatavdnen cru subieqtebis mimarT magram mowonebas
met xarisxSi gamoxatavdnen im cru subieqtis mimarT, romlebic Tavidan
kritikulni iyvnen da amTavrebdnen Sefasebas pozitiuriT, vidre isini romlebic
Tavidanve pozitiur Sefasebas aZlevdnen. avtorebis azriT es Sedegebi
aixsneba amiT, rom Tavdapirveli negatiuri Sefaseba subieqtebSi iwvevs
SfoTvas, romelic sakmaod mtkivneulad ganicdeba. roca Sefaseba
TandaTanobiT pozitiuri xdeba, es iwvevs am gaZlierebuli negatiuri grZnobis
moxsnas da amdenad aseTi pozitiuri Sefaseba ufro meti damajildovebeli
xdeba. erTi sityviT negatiuri Sefaseba zrdis pozitiuri Sefasebis
moTxovnilebas da saboloo pozitiuri Sefaseba ufro meti damajildovebeli
xdeba.
mas Semdeg rac urTierToba Camoyalibebulia, megobrisgan moveliT,
rom movwondeT, gvafasebdes pozitiurad, moiqces Cvens mimarT garkveuli
maneriT. molodinebi imaT mimarT, vinc ar mogvwons sawinaaRmdegoa. ra
moxdeba roca molodinebi ar marTldeba? erTerT kvlevaSi, romelic am
sakiTxis garkvevas isaxavda miznad, ganaxorcieles sawyisi mowonebis
manipulireba subieqtebisaTvis (kolejis studenti gogonebi) informaciis
miwodebiT rom eqsperimentSi CarTul sxva gogonebs hqondaT maTi
msgavsi an gansxvavebuli atitudebi. amis Semdeg TiToeul subieqts eZleoda
davaleba romelic sakmaod rTuli iyo da garkveul dros moiTxovda; zogierT
subieqts (romlebic iyvnen cru subieqtebi) hqonda gacilebiT ufro advili
davaleba. eqsperimentatori varaudobda, rom subieqtebi davalebis
Sesasruleblad daxmarebas sTxovdnen cru subieqtebs, roca isini
daamTavrebdnen TavianT advil davalebas. aseT situaciaSi cru subieqtebis

149
naxevari Tanxmdeboda daxmarebaze, xolo meore naxevari daxmarebaze
uars amboda. cvlilebebi mowonebaSi, romelic izomeboda urTierTobamde da
urTierTqmedebis Semdeg, miuTiTebda Tu ra xdeboda roca molodinebi
marTldeboda da roca ar marTldeboda. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom yvelaze didi
Secvla mowonebaSi iyo maSin, roca atitudebSi msgavsi cru subieqti uars
ambobda daxmarebaze (am SemTxvevaSi mowoneba mkveTrad
mcirdeboda). xolo roca subieqti moeloda uars daxmarebaze (gansxvavebuli
atitudebis mqone cru subieqti) misi daxmarebis survils zrdida mowonebas.
rogorc Cans, Cven moveliT, rom sxvebis sityvebi da saqcieli daemTxveva
Cvens grZnobebs maT Sesaxeb da mowoneba SeiZleba SesamCnevad
Seicvalos, roca es molodinebi ar marTldeba.
TviTSefaseba. rogorc mivuTiTeT Cven mogvwons is, visac Cven
movwonvarT da es efeqti avxseniT ganmtkicebis modeliT. gvsiamovnebs
Cvens mimarT gamoTqmuli keTilganwyobiTi komentarebi. magram cxadia
isic, rom es yovelTvis ase ar aris. rodesac vinme qaTinaurs ambobs Cvens
mimarT, naklebad mogvewoneba is individi, Tu mis motivebSi eWvi
Segvepara. Tu CavTvliT, rom qaTinaurs imitom ambobs rom Tavi
mogvawonos, an raRac sargebeli miiRos Cvengan, SeiZleba sapasuxo
mowonebiTi reaqcia ar gamoiwvios.
arsebobs kidev erTi faqtori, romelic gavlenas axdens imaze Tu ra efeqti
eqneba qaTinaurs. aRmoCnda, rom mniSvneloba aqvs imas Tu TviT Cveni
percepcia ramdenad emTxveva im sasiamovno qaTinaurebs, romelsac
Cvenze amboben. e.i. mniSvneloba aqvs TviTSefasebas. mag. Tu viciT, rom
arc musikaluri smena gvaqvs da arc xma da viRebT qaTinaurs ra
SesaniSnavad mRerixarTo, es situacia savsebiT gansxvavdeba imisagan, roca
momRerals eubnebian SesaniSnavad asruleb am simReraso. rodesac
qaTinauri ar emTxveva TviTSefasebas - efeqti gacilebiT naklebia.
meore mizezi qaTinauris negatiuri efeqtisa SeiZleba iyos Tu individi ra
mniSvnelobas miawers im Tvisebas razec Rebulobs qaTinaurs. mag. qaliSvili
albaT qaTinaurad ar miiRebs Tu vetyviT, ra mxarbeWiani xarTo. an biWs
rom vuTxraT ra qaliviT nazi xarTo. miiRebs Tu ara qaTinaurad am Sefasebas
individi damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra mniSvnelobas aniWebs is mocemul
Tvisebas. ar aris mosalodneli, rom qaliSvilma qalis mxarbeWianobas dade-
biTi mniSvneloba miaweros.

siyvaruli

aqamde Cven vixilavdiT sakiTxs Tu rogor yalibdeba interpersonaluri

urTierTobebi, ratom mogvwons zogierTi da ratom ara. ra gansazRvravs
simpatia-antipatias. rogor xdeba metnaklebad ufro Rrma urTierTobebis
Camoyalibeba. ganvixileT amasTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli socialur

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fsiqologiuri procesebi. magram faqtia rom xSirad adamianebs Soris
urTierToba scildeba am ubralo nacnobobis da mowoneba armowonebis
farglebs, myardeba sakmaod Rrma xSirad gaugebari emocionaluri urTierTo-
ba. erTi sityviT Cndeba siyvarulis SesaZlebloba.
ra aris siyvaruli? aris is mowonebis ufro intensiuri forma Tu raRac
Tvisebrivad axal grZnobasTan gvaqvs saqme?
miuxedavad imisa, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi poetebs, filosofosebs,
mecnierebs yovelTvis ainteresebda es sakiTxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
damakmayofilebeli pasuxi am kiTxvaze jer kidev ar arsebobs. adamianebi
aRmerTeben siyvaruls, cocxloben da Tavs wiraven misTvis, magram misi
mecnieruli axsna (SesaZlebelia sabednierod) ar arsebobs. ufro meti, siyvaruli
daerqva sakmaod gansxvavebul adamianur urTierTobas rogoricaa urTierToba
Seyvarebulebs Soris, col qmars Soris, mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris da axlo
megobrebs Soris. erTi sityviT siyvarulis mecnieruli Seswavla jer kidev
Sorsaa srulyofisagan. da es gasagebicaa. movlenis mecnieruli axsna niSnavs
misi kauzaluri principiT axsnas. e.i. saWiroa dadgindes siyvarulis mizezi. es
moiTxovs laboratoriul pirobebSi eqsperimentul Seswavlas, rac siyvarulis mi-
marT principSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. mecnieruli Seswavla moiTxovs
Sesaswavli movlenis formalizirebas. siyvarulis formalizireba, misi
manipulireba yovel SemTxvevaSi jerjerobiT miuwvdomeli aRmoCnda.
ukanasknel xanebSi socialurma fsiqologiam scada am emocionaluri
mdgomareobis Seswavla. Cven SevecdebiT aRvweroT da davalagoT Tu ra
aris cnobili imaze Tu ras niSnavs erTi individis mier meoris Seyvareba.
gamomdinare sakiTxis aseTi sirTulidan socialur fsiqologiaSi arsebobs
gansxvavebuli midgomebi siyvarulis formebis kategorizaciisa da
aRwerisadmi.
sawinaaRmdego sqesis wevrebs Soris urTierTobisas dgeba dro, roca
vsvamT kiTxvas gvaqvs Tu ara saqme siyvarulTan. radgan sul mcire
arsebobs ori gansxvavebuli saxe siyvarulisa - romantiuli siyvaruli da
megobroba - siyvaruli (companionate love), saWiroa maTi ganxilva, Tu ra
igulisxmeba TiToeul maTganSi.

romantiuli siyvaruli

sakiTxisadmi mecnieruli midgoma moiTxovs movlenis gansazRvras da

mis gazomvas. socialur fsiqologiaSi arsebobs agresiis, altruizmis,
prejidusebis da sxva gasazomi skalebi. magram rogor gavzomoT siyvaruli?
dadga sakiTxi siyvarulis mizezebis Sesaxeb. socialuri mecnierebebis
warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris fsiqologebi gvTavazoben gansxvavebul
mizezebs. Cven gavarCevT fsiqologebis mier SemoTavazebul mosazrebebs.
robert sternbergi gvTavazobs siyvarulis e.w. samkuTxovan Teorias

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(Sternberg, R. J. 1988). Teoria gamoyofs sam bazisur komponents:
intimuroba, vneba, gadawyvetileba\valdebuleba (anu erTguleba). avtoris
azriT siyvaruli SeiZleba emyarebodes pirvel rigSi romelime erT am
komponents, an ori komponentis kombinacias, an samives. avtoris azriT es
gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi saSualebas gvaZlevs davadginoT siyvarulis
Svidi SesaZlebeli tipi, romelic idealSi (srulyofili siyvaruli) Seicavs samive
bazisur komponents Tanabari proporciiT. es sami bazisuri komponenti
Semdeg maxasiaTeblebs gulisxmobs.
intimuroba - siaxlove, romelsac grZnoben partniorebi.
vneba - seqsualuri motivi da seqsualuri aRZvra, romelic asocirebulia
gawyvilebiT urTierTobasTan.
gadawyvetileba\valdebuleba - kognituri elementi, romelic moicavs
gadawyvetilebas rom vinmes uyvars viRaca da avaldebulebs SeinarCunos es
urTierToba.
am sami bazisuri komponentebis kombinaciiT steinbergi gamoyofs Svidi
saxis siyvaruls:
1. mowoneba - romelic Seicavs mxolod intimurobas (megobroba vnebis
an valdebulebis gareSe).
2. romantikuli siyvaruli - Seicavs intimurobas da vnebas (individebi
fizikurad da emocionalurad miizidebian erTmaneTisaken, magram
valdebulebebis gareSe).
3. megobroba-siyvaruli - Seicavs intimurobas da valdebulebebs
(xangrZlivi valdebuleba - megobroba, rogoricaa qorwineba, romelSic vneba
gafermkrTalebulia).
4. Zlieri gataceba - Seicavs mxolod vnebas (vnebiani, mozRvavebuli
siyvaruli intimurobis an valdebulebebis gareSe).
5. ganusjeli siyvaruli - Seicavs vnebas da valdebulebas (valdebuleba
romelic emyareba vnebas, magram drois gareSe raTa Camoyalibdes
intimuroba - zedapiruli urTierToba rogorc qarborbala aSikoba).
6. Camqrali (Empty) siyvaruli - Seicavs mxolod gadawyveti-
leba\valdebulebas intimurobisa da vnebis gareSe. valdebuleba grZeldeba
inerciiT.
.
7. srulyofili siyvaruli - Seicavs samive komponents - intimurobas,
vnebas da gadawyvetileba\valdebulebas - ideali, romlis miRwevac swadiaT.
siyvaruli ganixileba rogorc emocionaluri mdgomareoba. emociebi ki
warioadgenen erTis mxriv fsiqologiurad agznebul mdgomareobas da meores
mxriv es fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba gansxvavebul emocionalur elfers iRebs -
imisda mixedviT Tu ra iarliys mivawerT mas. aseTi midgoma cnobilia
emociis orfaqtoriani Teoriis saxelwodebiT.

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 emociis orfaqtoriani Teoriis Tanaxmad, agznebam, ra wyarodanac ar
unda momdinareobdes unda gazardos vneba,. Tu raime xelisSemSleli
pirobebi ar arsebobs imisaTvis rom Tavisi agznebis nawili miakuTnos
romantikul stimuls. d. datonma da a. aronma, raTa ekvlia es problema,
studentebs sTxoves eqsperimentSi mieRoT monawileoba. mas Semdeg, rac
subieqtebis mimzidvel partniorebTan gacnoba Sesdga, subieqtebis nawils
uTxres rom isini miiRebdnen sakmao siZlieris eleqtroSoks. eqsperimentis
dawyebamde eqsperimentatorma subieqtebs dauriga mokle kiTxvari, 3raTa
mieRo informacia maT amJamindel grZnobebze da reaqciebze, radgan
swored es faqtorebi gansazRvravden eqsperimentis warmatebas4.
eqsperimentis bolos am kiTxvaridan unda gaecaT pasuxi kiTxvaze,
3ramdenad undodaT maT moewviaT paemanze da ekocnaT partniorisaTvis4.
Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom SeSinebuli, 3agznebuli4 subieqtebi
pasuxebSi amJRavnebdnen ufro Zlier ltolvas partniorebisaken.
igive dadasturda velis kvlevebSi. maT mimzidvel gogonebs sTxoves
biWebisagan aeRoT interviu, romlebmac es esaa gadakveTes md. kapilano
(britaneTis kolumbiaSi) saxifaTo dakiduli xidiT, romlis sigrZe daaxloebiT
137 metri iyo, xolo simaRle 80 metri (rogorc aRweridan Cans, dakidebul
xidze gadasvla arc Tu ise sasiamovno iyo). gogonebi biWebs sTxovdnen
anketis Sevsebas. amis Semdeg gogonebi sTavazobdnen maT TavianT
safosto baraTs telefonis nomriT, im mizniT, rom Tu moisurvebdnen kvlevis
Sedegebis da arsis gacnobas daerekaT da miiRebdnen pasuxs. biWebis
umravlesobam gamoarTva gogonebs savizito baraTi da maT Soris TiTqmis
50%-ma marTlac dareka. igive procedura Catarda biWebTan, romlebmac
mdinare gadakveTes sxva adgilas Cveulebrivi myari xidis gavliT, romelic
araviTar emociebs ar iwvevda. aRmoCnda, rom maT Soris da im
SemTxvevaSic, roca dakidebuli xidis gavlis Semdeg biWebs intervius
sTxovdnen biWebi da ara gogonebi, TiTqmis iSviaTi iyo SemTxveva
darekvisa raTa gaegoT eqsperimentis Sedegebi. maS, fiziologiuri agzneba
aZlierebda romantiul reaqcias. igive dadasturda sxva kvlevebSi, mag. Zlieri
fizikuri varjiSis Semdeg da a.S.
rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad sirTuleebisa da sakiTxis specifikurobisa,
mainc naTelia operacionalisturi midgoma problemisadmi. aris mcdeloba
gansazRvron is faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen adamianebisaTvis am
Zalian saintereso da macduri elferis mqone fenomenze.
da mainc ras warmoadgens vnebiani siyvaruli? socialuri fsiqologiis
Tanamedrove Teoriuli da kvleviTi interesebis umravlesoba exeba swored
vnebian siyvaruls. vnebian siyvaruls axasiaTeben rogorc intensiur, zogjer
dauZlevel emocionalur mdgomareobas, roca individi gamudmebiT fiqrobs
partniorze, surs rac SeiZleba meti dro dahyos masTan da xSirad ararealisturia
mis SefasebaSi. misTvis damaxasiaTeblad Tvlian rom kontaqtebi sxva

153
megobrebTan ufro iSviaTad xdeba, da mTeli yuradReba fokusirebulia, erT,
yvelaze mniSvnelovan individze. xazs usvamen agreTve vnebiani siyvarulis
im Taviseburebas, rom is ganicdeba rogorc iseTi, romelic kontrols ar
eqvemdebareba da arawinaswarmetyvelebadia.
Tanamedrove metnaklebad miRebuli TvalsazrisiT vnebiani
siyvarulisaTvis aucilebel pirobad miCneulia:
1. pirvel rigSi vnebiani siyvaruli unda Camoyalibdes kulturaSi. kultura
aswavlis axalgazrdebs Tu ras warmoadgens vnebiani siyvaruli rogorc
mxatvruli literaturis saSualebiT, ise realuri cxovrebis aRweriT. CaTvlilia,
rom idea siyvarulis Sesaxeb evropaSi warmoiSva Sua saukuneebSi da es
gaazrebuli iyo rogorc wmida da saRvTo emocia, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli
seqsualur survilTan. dasavluri kulturis garemoSi momavali Taoba izrdeba
moTxrobebsa da simRerebSi siyvarulis Sesaxeb riTac kargad arian
momzadebuli ganicadon is TavianT cxovrebaSi.
2. vnebiani siyvarulis meore piroba aris siyvarulis Sesabamisi obieqtis
arseboba. umravlesobisaTvis es niSnavs fizikurad mimzidveli
sawinaaRmdego sqesis piris arsebobas, romelic daaxloebiT imave asakisaa,
mamakaci ufro maRali qalze da ar unda iyos Rrmad CarTuli sxva
urTierTobebSi.

3. mesame piroba, romelic miaCniaT kritikulad, aris intensiuri sibrmave.

igulisxmeba is faqti, rom yoveli emocionaluri aRZvris interpretacia SeiZleba
rogorc siyvarulis. aRmoCnda, rom rasac Cven emocionaluri aRZvris iarliys
vaZlevT SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos garegan maniSneblebze. rogorc adre
mivuTiTeT SeiZleba moxdes emocionaluri aRZvris interferencia. amasTan,
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT aRZvris gansxvavebuli tipebi, gavlenas axdenen
romantikul grZnobebze da seqsualur interesebze. eqsperimentebSi, romlebic
fokusirebulni iyvnen SiSze, erotikul aRZvraze, dabrkolebebze - e.i. am
maxasiaTeblebiT gamowveuli aRzneba - gavlenas axdenda seqsualur
interesebze. miaCniaT, rom roca mSoblebi cdilobdnen xeli SeuSalon Svilis
urTierTobas partniorTan, CaSalon maTi urTierToba, iwvevs Svilis gabraze-
bas, rac Tavis mxriv Sedegad iZleva siyvarulis grZnobis gazrdas.
amrigad, vnebiani siyvarulis pirobebSi ganixilaven: kulturul fons,
romelSic individi swavlobs siyvarulis Sesaxeb da moelis rom masac
SeemTxveva es; sawinaaRmdego sqesis individis arseboba, rogorc siyvarulis
obieqti (Sesabamisi mimzidvelobiT, simaRliT, asakiT da a.S.); fsiqologiuri
aRZvra, romelic interpretirebulia rogorc siyvaruli da eZleva es iarliyi.
kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom qalebi da mamakacebi sakmaod
emsgavsebian erTmaneTs Tu ras imedovneben rom miiReben
urTierTobebidan. orives unda siyvaruli da sqesi, seqsualuri mizidva
aucilebelia maram arasakmarisi pirobaa raTa giyvardes meore piri (Meyers &

154
Berscheid, 1997). orives surs intimi da Zala gaakontrolas urTierTobis
mimdinareoba. aRmoCnda, rom mamakacebi ufro advilad avaddebian am
3seniT4 vidre qalebi, magram qalebi ufro advilad inkurnebian vidre
mamakacebi (Rubin, Peplau & Hill 1981)
megobroba-siyvaruli - vnebiani siyvaruli, varaudoben rom
TandaTanobiT gadadis e.w. megobroba-siyvarulis urTierTobaSi. megobroba-
siyvaruli miuTiTebs Rrma da xangrZliv megobrobaze, romelic gulisxmobs
urTierTmowonebas da pativiscemas, gamokveTil pozitiur emociebs. garda
amisa xazs usvamen mis iseT maxasiaTebelze rogoricaa urTierTzrunva.
saerTod naklebia filmebi da simRerebi megobroba-siyvarulze, magram Cans,
rom es aris urTierTmijaWulobis grZnoba romelic SesaZlebels xdis xangrZliv
pozitiur urTierTobas.
aseT momwifebul xangrZliv urTierTobaSi ori individi swavlobs rogor
asiamovnon erTmaneTs, rogorc mWidro megobrebma. TiToeuli cdilobs
moaTavsos didi Rirebuleba meoreSi, da TiToeuli individi ganxilulia rogorc
meoris bedniereba da keTildReoba. qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi mocemulia
zogierTi faqtori romelic moqmedebs ama Tu im safexurze.

socialuri urTierTobis rRveva

levingerma aRwera socialuri urTierTobis xuTi SesaZlebeli safexuri

(Levinger, G. 1980) sawyisi mizidva; urTierTobis aSeneba; gagrZeleba;
gauareseba da damTavreba.

urTierTobis pozitiuri faqtorebi negatiuri faqtorebi

safexurebi
siaxlove da gameorebuli siaxlovis da gameorebuli
eqcpozicia, afiliaciis eqspoziciis ar arseboba.
sawyisi mizidva maRali moTxovnileba da negatiuri emociebi,
megobrobis motivacia dabali afiliaciis da
megobrobis motivacia

eqvivalenturi fizikuri ara eqvivalenturi fizikuri

mimzidveloba, mimzidveloba. atitudeb-
urTierTobis atitudebSi da sxva Si da sxva maxasiaTeb-
aSeneba maxasiaTeblebSi lebSi gansxvaveba. urTi-
msgavseba, urTierT erT negatiuri Sefasebebi
pozitiuri Sefasebebi
gzebis Zieba Seina- gaxde rutinuli da
rCuno interesi da mosawyeni. uzrunve-
mravalferovneba; lyo negatiuri Sefasebis

155
 uzrunvelyo pozi- tiuri SesaZlebloba. aRqmuli
gagrZeleba Sefasebis SesamCneoba. usamarTloba. urTierT
eWvianobis ararseboba, dakmayo-
aRqmuli samarTlianoba, filebis dabali done
urTierT dakmayofilebis
maRali done
meti dro da Zalisxmevaa naklebi dro da Za-
Cadebuli urTierTobaSi; lisxmevaa Cadebuli
zrunva urTierTobis urTierTobebSi;
gauareseba gaumjobesebisaTvis; gadawyvito urTierTobis
ucado urTierTobis gawyveta. ucado ga-
gaumjobesebas uaresebis gagrZelebas

arsebuli urTier- Tobis Cans, erTaderTi

Riadoba garkveuli misaRebi gadawyve-
SedegisTvis; alternatuli tilebaa axali cxovrebis
partnioris ararseboba; dawyeba; alternatiuli
damTavreba molodini urTierTobis partnioris arse-
gagrZelebisa; SeTan- boba; urTierTobis
xmeba gaagrZelon marcxiT damTavre- bis
urTierToba molodini; ur-
erTobis gagrZele-
baze SeTanxmebis
ararseboba

umetesi socialur-fsiqologiuri gamokvleva, romelic Catarda ukanasknel

periodSi, exeboda pirvel or safexurs. dRes gaZlierda interesi im faqtorebis
mimarT, romlebic gavlenas axdenen danarCen sam safexurze.
urTierTobis gagrZelebis mcdeloba. erTerTi saerTo problema
urTierTobaSi aris eWvianoba. rodesac individi aRiqvams eWvs metoqes
siyvarulSi, arsebobs ori saxis saSiSroeba - individma SeiZleba dakargos is
jildo romelsac iRebs urTierTobidan. da arsebobs agreTve TviTSefasebis
dadablebis saSiSroeba. ukiduresi eWvianoba Seicavs SfoTvas, SiSs, tkivils,
gabrazebas, uimedobas. fizikur simptomebs - guliscemis aCqareba,
simsubuqe muclis areSi. metoqe SeiZleba iyos realuri an warmodgeniTi.
romantikul mizidvas metoqesa da partniors Soris SeiZleba adgili hqondes
awmyoSi, warsulSi an rogorc SesaZlebel molodins momavalSi.
arsebobs gansxvaveba individebs Soris eWvianobis gancdis
tendenciebSi. kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom mozrdilebis 54 procenti Tvlis, rom
aris eWviani. is vinc aris eWviani tendencia aqvs hqondes ara adeqvaturobis
da damokidebulebis grZnoba. zedmetad fiqrobs seqsualur gansakuTrebulo-

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baze, miaCniaT, rom eWvianobis erTerTi determinanti SeiZleba iyos
bavSvobis droindeli gancdebi, kerZod, rac ufro gamoxatavdnen mSoblebi
eWvianobis grZnobas, miT ufro meti albaTobaa, rom Svilebs igive
tendenciebi eqnebaT, iseve ireagireben roca mozrdilebi gaxdebian.
aRmoCnda rom zogierTi (kolejis studenti gogonebis yoveli mesame da
biWebis yoveli mexuTe) ganzrax cdilobs Tavisi moqmedebiT aeWvianos
partniori. aRniSnaven, rom partniorTan laparakoben, rom viRac moswonT,
aSkarad flirtaoben sxvebTan, SesamCnevad dadian sxvebTan, laparakoben
pirvel siyvarulze an yvebian istorias am sakiTxebze. mizani aseTi qcevisa
aRmoCnda, rom SeiZleba iyos urTierTobis Semowmeba, aiZulon partniori
miaqcios mas yuradReba, Suri iZion an aamaRlon TviTSefaseba. cxadia, is
vinc winaswar ganzraxviT cdilobs gamoiwvios eWvianoba riskian TamaSs
eweva, SeiZleba gamoiwvios urTierTobis darRveva. sainteresoa, rom is vinc
gegmavs araqorwinebriv urTierTobebs, is naklebad eWvianobs imaze, Tu ras
akeTebs misi partniori.
aRmoCnda, rom urTierTobis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia is, Tu ra xarisxSi
grZnoben partniorebi samarTlian mopyrobas. samarTlianoba arsebobs
rodesac partniorebs swamT rom isini arian Tanabrad mimzidvelni,
socialurebi, inteligenturebi. aseve miuTiTeben Tanabari siyvarulis grZnobis,
seqsualuri survilis mniSvnelobaze. samarTlianoba moicavs agreTve
cxovrebis iseT aspeqtebs rogoricaa partniorebis Tanabari Semosavali, wvlili
saojaxo saqmianobaSi da urTierTTan cxovrebis siadvile. kvlevebma aCvena
samarTlianobis didi mniSvneloba partniorebis ukmayofilebisaTvis, colqmruli
bednierebisa da stabilurobisaTvis.
urTierTobis gauareseba da damTavreba. saerTod urTierTobis
darRveva arc Tu ise sasiamovnoa magram gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulia Tu
masSi siyvarulia CarTuli. levingeri varaudobs, rom gauareseba iwyeba roca
erTi an orive partniorisaTvis pirobebi naklebad sasurveli gaxdeba vidre adre
iyo.
miuTiTeben, rom reaqcia aRqmul gauaresebaze SeiZleba iyos rogorc
aqtiuri ise pasiuri. aqtiuria roca partniorebi gadawyveten Sewyviton
urTierToba, 3gasvlis4 qceva, an imoqmedon gaumjobesebisaTvis 3xmis
amoRebis4 qceva. pasiuria – mocda, iqneb moxdes gaumjobeseba, 3loialuro-
bis4 qceva, an iqneb gagrZeldes gauareseba (3ugulebelyofa4). aqedan, xmis
amoReba da loialuroba Sefasebulia rogorc konstruqciuli, xolo gasvla da
ugulebelyofa rogorc destruqciuli. aRmoCnda, rom destruqciuli qceva aris
kritikuli elementi romelic mizezobrivad gansazRvravs tanjvas urTierTobebSi.
mkvlevarTa umravlesoba Tanxmdeba imaSi, rom arsebobs mWidro
urTierTobis damTavrebis mravali gza. procesi SeiZleba sakmaod martivi
iyos, roca orive partniori eTanxmeba rom es saWiroa.

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 urTierTobis gawyveta xangrZlivi da mtkivneulia Tu swrafi, aRmoCnda
rom damokidebulia mizidulobis intensiobaze, romelsac grZnobdnen
partniorebi. xangrZlivi urTierTobis gawyvetas mivyavarT met
usiamovnebamde, SiSamde, martoobamde, vidre susti emocionaluri kavSiris
gawyvetas.
gauareseba advilad mTavrdeba gawyvetiT Tu ar arsebobs sami faqtori:
urTierToba uzrunvelyofs dakmayofilebis maRal dones; orive partniorma ukve
Cado drois da Zalisxmevis didi raodenoba; alternatiuli partniori ar unda iyos
advili xelmisawvdomi.
zogjer individebi urTierTobaSi moelian marcxs imitom, rom amCneven
marcxs sxva wyvilebSi. zogjer, axali cxovreba Cans rom aris erTaderTi
misaRebi gadawyveta.
am kvlevebs mivyavarT daskvnamde, rom siyvaruli SeiZleba individs
Tavs daatydes uecrad da Zaldautaneblad. urTierTobis SenarCuneba ki piriqiT
moiTxovs ori individis saguldagulo Sromas da Zalisxmevas xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi.

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