Edd Portfolio

ENGINEERING DESIGN &
DEVELOPMENT
PORTF OLI O SUMMARY
When the Seat is Too Hot. . .
Solution Design & Development Team
The Hot Car Guys, from left to right:

Chris Jacobs, Skye Basir, Ethan Lendore
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT A
PRESEN TATI ON AN D JUSTI F I CATI ON OF THE PROBLEM
The Perfect Temperature

Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed one hundred
and fifty degrees in exterior temperatures of ninety degrees. These extremely high
temperatures cause damage to systems and other property inside the car, including
cracking the windshield and decreasing battery life of devices. People or animals in hot
cars can experience strokes, or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals released
from heated plastic in the car.
Justification:
According to the National Highway and Safety Administration, 25% of
mothers leave their children in parked cars on a hot day.
NHTSA. "Unattended Children and Cars ." NHTSA. National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration, Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
According to cancer.org, cars parked in temperatures above 60 degrees
have between 40 and 80 times the amount of benzene that is considered
acceptability for indoors.
Gansler, Ted, MD. "American Cancer Society Expert Voices Blog."
Cancer.com. American Cancer Society, 19 July 2011. Web. 08 Oct.
2014.
A car parked in the sun, in temperatures between 72 and 96 degrees,
increases 40 degrees in the first hour.
Stanford Medicine. "Parked Cars Get Dangerously Hot." News
Center. Stanford Medicine, 5 July 2005. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
A child left in a hot car for ten minutes can cause their body temperature
to increase to 104 degrees which is the threshold for heat stroke.
Gilbert, Scott. "The Medical Minute: Children and Hot Cars a Cause
for Deadly Concern | Penn State University." Children and Hot Cars
a Cause for Deadly Concern. Penn State, 30 July 2014. Web. 08 Oct.
2014.
43 children died of hyperthermia from being on overheated cars in 2013.
This is up over 25% from 2012.
"Beat The Heat Weather Ready Nation Campaign." National
Weather Service Heat Safety. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014.l
The recommended storage settings for iPhones are between -4 and 113
degrees.
"Keeping IPhone, IPad, and IPod Touch within Acceptable Operating
Temperatures." Keeping IPhone, IPad, and IPod Touch within
Acceptable Operating Temperatures. Apple Inc., n.d. Web. 08 Oct.
2014.
1.Have you ever been unable to run errands because of children or pets in a hot car?
A) Yes, I was forced to do the task on a later date
B) No, I left my child and/or pet in the car
C) No, I brought my pet and/or child inside with me
2.How many times, per week, do you leave you car outside in temperatures of excess of 80 degrees?
A) 1-3 times a week
B) 4-6 times a week
C) 7 or more times per week
3.How uncomfortable do you find getting into a car that has been in the sun all day?
A) Very uncomfortable
B) Uncomfortable
C) Doesnt bother you
4.How do you prevent your car from overheating while its parked?
A) Park in the shade
B) Use of a Sun Shade, a UV Heat Shield or any other sunblocking visor
C) Tinting windows
D) Creative DIY solutions, i.e covering a surface with a blanket or towel
E) I dont, I use manipulation of the AC system and windows when you return
5.Have you sustained any injuries have you sustained after entering a hot car?
A) Physical injury (burns)
B) Breathing problems
C) Heat related Sicknesses, i.e. stroke.
D) None
6.Have you ever sustained an asthma attack after entering a hot car?
A) Yes, severe
B) Yes, mild
C) No, even though I have asthma
D) No, don't have asthma
7.Have you ever returned to your car after it was parked on an extremely hot day and found that certain
systems or property you left inside of the car were either completely useless or very uncomfortable to
use?
A) Yes, damage to electronics
B) Yes, damage to the car
C) Yes, damage to other items
D) Yes, damage to all of the above
E) No
8.How often do you leave electronic devices (phones, tablets, laptops) in your car?
A) Most of the time
B) Sometimes
C) Never
9.Have you ever noticed electronic devices having a significantly shorter battery life after being in a hot
car?
A) Yes, and this has affected me definitively
B) Yes, and this has affected someone I know
C) No, I dont leave devices in my car
D) Im not sure if that is the cause but I have noticed a shortened battery life
10.How many times have you seen a pet or child in a car on a hot day?
A) Never
B) 1-2 times
C) More than 2 times
11.How many dollars has a hot car cost you in reparations?
A) Up to 100
B) Between 100 and 1000
C) Over 1000
Conclusion
We determined that there are many issue that can arise from leaving a car
out in the sun on a hot day. These issues include injury to people and
animals, as well as damage to the electronic devices in the car and the car
itself. This has been identified as a problem by several sources, including
the national cancer society, stanford, and apple. Our survey solidified our
idea by showing that people have been inconvenienced on hot days and
people have indeed sustained some injuries.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT B
D OCUMEN TATI ON AN D AN ALYSI S OF PRI OR SOLUTI ON
AT TEMPTS
The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed one hundred and fifty degrees in exterior temperatures of ninety degrees. These extremely high
temperatures cause damage to systems and other property inside the car, including cracking the windshield and decreasing battery life of devices. People or
animals in hot cars can experience strokes, or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals released from heated plastic in the car. We examined multiple patents
and market solutions in order to narrow done the qualifications for our prototype in the future.
Top 3 Patents:
Instant car cover
https://www.google.com/patents/US8684444?
dq=instant+car+cover&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fDhJVPzuC4aXyQS_zYGwBQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Patent Number: US 8684444 B2
Description: This patent covers the windshield and is attached by elastic straps to side mirrors. It is rolled
up to cover the windshield, and then rolled down to allow the user to drive.
Pros: Light, Compact, Easy to Use
Cons: Must be rolled and unrolled for each use. Attachment to the side mirrors could come undone in
windy conditions.
Solar Cooling system for automobile

dq=US+3943726+A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ypROVLiREZK_sQTZ8oDgCg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Patent Number: US 3943726 A
Description: This patent uses solar panels to power an existing air conditioner or fan inside the car. The
solar panels are mounted on top of the car, and the charge is then sent to a battery which powers the fan
or air conditioner based on the temperature.
Pros: Uses the sun to power the device which eliminates the need for the car to be on. Uses existing
climate control features of the car. Not dependent on a cover that could come lose from the car.
Cons: Solar Panels are expensive, and the cars circuitry would need to be rewired for the air conditioning
to run off the solar power. If its a hot day and is cloudy, the car will be unable to stay cool because the
solar panels will not be supplying power.
Cooled Childrens car seat

dq=car+cooling+system&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6_tHVJz6L8WVyATRiYC4Dw&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Patent #: US 20100133883 A1
Description: Forces air through an evaporator, which can be cooled much faster and blown from within
the seat of a car.
Pros: directly cools a child, can also be humidifier
Cons: does not directly cool air in car
3 Marketed Solutions:
Kulcar Solar Powered Car Ventilator-Cash
http://www.amazon.com/Kulcar-Solar-Powered-Car-Ventilator/dp/B00J97X2YG/ref=sr_1_10?
ie=UTF8&qid=1413907491&sr=8-10&keywords=car+cooler+fan
Item Weight- 12 ounces
Product Dimensions- 10 x 7.6 x 3.9 inches
Description- Solar panel controls fans that expel hot air and harmful gases. Rubber strips seal the window
when the fan is in
Pros: rubber strips seal window, easy to install, removes gases, easy to install
Cons: does not fit all cars, somewhat expensive
Platinum Shield SUV Cover For 2015 Jeep Wrangler

http://www.carcovers.com/covers/suv/jeep/wrangler/2015/4-door-unlimited/platinum-shield-suv-co
ver.html
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Pros: Protective against things besides heat. Extremly durable.
Cons: Much more expensive than the other products. Tedious to use because the entire car must be
covered and uncovered.
Price: $ 199.95
Technical Specifications:
Brand: Car Cover
Item Weight: 10 Pounds
Max Reflector Standard Accordion Shade
http://www.amazon.com/Max-Reflector-Standard-AccordionShade/dp/B000CAINDE/ref=zg_bs_15737211_19
Price: $8.99
Pros: Effective at keeping the car cool, Cheap
Cons: Rips easily, Must be installed for each use, Specific size that only fits some cars
Technical Specifications:
Brand
Auto Expressions
Item Weight
8.8 ounces
Product Dimensions
23.6 x 5.7 x 2.8 inches
Item model number
111106
Manufacturer Part Number
111106
[Max Reflector Standard Accordion Shade]
Other Solutions:
Marketed Solutions
http://www.amazon.com/Kulcar-Solar-Powered-Car-Ventilator/dp/B00J97X2YG/ref=sr_1_10?
pros: decreases temperature of car, easy to install
cons: doesn't fit with all cars, removes gases from car
http://www.amazon.com/Victsing-Solar-Cooler-Ventilation-System/dp/B00DNXJYOY/ref=sr_1_1?
pros: decreases temperature of car
cons: difficult to adjust, does not always work, glass cannot be tinted
http://www.amazon.com/Vktech-Cooling-Vehicle-Cooler-Adjustable/dp/B00L40ZQGS/ref=sr_1_5?
pros: circulates a lot of air quickly
cons: cannot be used while car is off
Patents
dq=car+cooling+system&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6_tHVJz6L8WVyATRiYC4Dw&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
pros: directly attempts to cool child
cons: heating of air in the car is still a danger
dq=car+cooling+for+dogs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3vxHVN7SOMaAygTLhILgAw&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
pros: independent of car power, battery does not need to be charged separately
cons: shade or clouds can block solar panel, added to cars system
dq=car+cooling+fan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TwxJVNqDPYqZyQTb_YHwCw&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ
pros: circulates air in the car, has a light fixture included
cons: also circulates dust, only affects front seat
Patents:
dq=interior+of+car+cooler&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QgpJVJufA4i0yQTEtYHgDA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
pros: can keep electronics cool
cons: only works while car is on, limited amount of space
dq=interior+car+cooler&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4wpJVOStEMuSyATi44KgBg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
pros: Doesnt require the car to be running, cools the entire car
cons: expensive, depended on weather
dq=interior+car+cooler&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TAtJVPXVINiBygSV_YGoCA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBDgK
pros: Covers the entire car, good for short term
cons: Heat can go through the cover if in heat for a long time, only for convertibles
Market Solutions:
http://www.amazon.com/x2605-Car-Sunshade-Jumbo-Windshields/dp/B00E5OUOCQ/ref=sr_1_2?
ie=UTF8&qid=1414073298&sr=8-2&keywords=sun+shade+car
pros:easy installation, cheap
cons: only covers the windshield, has to be installed for every use
http://www.amazon.com/Classic-Accessories-10-010-051001-00-OverDrivePolyPro/dp/B003DNJ728/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1414073499&sr=8-1&keywords=car+cover
pros: covers the entire car, fairly cheap
cons: installation is a lot of work
http://www.amazon.com/Breathing-Cooling-Chair-Cushion-Cover/dp/B00IV50JTS/ref=sr_1_2?
ie=UTF8&qid=1414073606&sr=8-2&keywords=car+seat+cooling+pad
pros: keeps the seat cool, higher specific heat than leather
cons: expensive, requires car to be on
Patents:
"Car Hat", a portable sunshade canopy for automobiles
dq=automobile+heat+mitigation&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qQxJVLSEHIedygTNxoCYAg&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw
pros: portable,
cons: small
Multi-purpose seat protector and seatbelt protector
dq=mitigating+heat+in+cars&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FzNJVOPkPIX5yATqs4CQAQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBA
pros: takes up a minimal amount of space, protects the main seat
cons: doesnt affect the rest of the car interior temperature, only makes it so that skin will not
be burned on contact.
dq=better++car+air+conditioner&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aTRJVIygI8mxyATR7YGYCg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAAt
pros: works when the car is off, runs off solar power
cons: expensive, hard to install
dq=instant+car+cover&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fDhJVPzuC4aXyQS_zYGwBQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
pros: covers entire car, portable
cons: could be cumbersome to use
Market Products:
http://www.amazon.com/High-Performance-Auto-Window-Tinting/dp/B00F8PSWR0/ref=sr_1_1?
ie=UTF8&qid=1414084171&sr=8-1&keywords=window+tinter
pros: 58% heat rejection
cons: expensive, permanent solution, cant roll down windows
http://www.amazon.com/Britax-Pack-EZ-Cling-Shades-Black/dp/B006ZVV0NO/ref=sr_1_1?
ie=UTF8&qid=1414084455&sr=8-1&keywords=sun+shades+car
pros: windows can be seen through, cheap, installs once and easy to remove
cons: not as effective
http://www.amazon.com/Max-Reflector-Standard-AccordionShade/dp/B000CAINDE/ref=zg_bs_15737211_19
pros: easy setup, completely blocks UV rays, cheap, reversible
cons: rips easlly
Platinum shield SUV cover
http://www.carcovers.com/covers/suv/jeep/wrangler/2015/4-door-unlimited/platinum-shield-suvcover.html
pros: protects the exterior of the entire car, controls the exposure to sunlight
cons: expensive, inconvenient (takes awhile to put on and to take off), restricts operation of the car
Over 50% of people were forced to do errands and other tasks at a later
date because they had other passengers in their car during a hot day.
67% of people leave their car out in temperatures above 80 degrees more
than four times per week.
Over 80% of people said that getting into a hot car makes them feel
uncomfortable.
Less than 20% of people used some sort of sun shade device to keep their
car cool in the sun.
Only 2% of people have suffered an asthma attack from being in a hot car.
43% of people have reported damage to either the car or something left
inside the car on a hot day.
49% of people leave electronic devices inside their cars.
15% of people have had shorter battery lives for electronic devices.
70% of people have seen a pet or child left in a hot car.

15% of people have suffered an injury from entering a hot car.
All of this data shows that there is a potential market for a product to keep
cars cool in the heat. Furthermore, very few people use a device that is
designed the keep the car cool suggesting that many of the existing
solutions are not very effective, or that they are not effective enough to
warrant their cost. Also, the overwhelming majority of people that leave
things such as electronic devices in their car, have reported damage to
those items. This damage does not generally affect the battery life of a
device. Very few people have suffered from injuries originating from a hot
car.
Conclusion:
During our market research we learned from our survey that the majority
of people are inconvenienced in a variety of ways by their cars being
overheated, this confirms that the problem we are trying to solve is actually
a large one in the community. This is an optimal result, not only because it
confirms that our problem is significant in the community, and it makes it
easy to find out why it
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT C
PRESEN TATI ON AN D JUSTI F I CATI ON OF SOLUTI ON
D ESI GN REQUI REMEN TS
Summary
This page describes what guidelines we wish to follow when designing our
product. This includes what characteristics we want the device to have as
well as challenges we should be wary of. One of the major challenges is we
only have a single forty five minute period per day to work. We could face
other issues if we wish to use some refrigerant in the design because it may
be difficult to acquire and we do not know how to work with it. Some
complaints we have seen about other products attempting to solve the
same problem, is that they are not easy to install, they are expensive, and
they do not actually work as advertised. We also decided that we want the
device to be easy to use and look aesthetically pleasing because people do
not want to put some ugly thing on their car in public. It should also be
portable, and easy to store because if someone needs to remove every
time they return to the car it should not be a cumbersome process that
requires a certain amount of strength.
Design Solution Requirements

1. Price- The retail cost must not exceed $30.00. Many of the most effective
products cost upwards of $200.00. A cheaper product that works just as
well as a more expensive one will be more popular on the market.
Additionally, the majority of products that are cheaper than $30.00 are not
as effective and tend to fall apart easily.
2. Effectiveness- There have been several attempts to solve our problem,
with varied success. We came across some prior solutions that did not
seem to work at all. At least for a majority of people.
3. Ease of Use- The device must not require any input from the user. Once
the device is setup, the user should be able to forget about it while the
device is operating.
4. Lifespan- We want a product that will last for three years. This will be
more popular on the market because many of the lower end options do
not last very long. It will be difficult for the product to last longer than this
because most materials are not durable enough to sustain consistent use
for over three years. The more durable materials will drive up the cost.
5. Ease of Installation- It is important for someone to be able to easily put
the device in/on their car. Some of the prior solutions fell short when it
came to installing the device. Also, the product must be able to be installed
in every car.
6. Material- The product must be made out of a material that is cheap, yet
resistant to heat. Furthermore, the material must be easily available in
order for us to do extensive testing.
7. Appearance- The product must not be ugly and unattractive. Many of the
current solutions are ugly and make the cars seem tacky. A solution that is
sleek will make people less apprehensive to use such a product.
8. Size- Small enough to fit in the trunk of a car. This way the product can
easily be transported. Many prior solutions are this small and if ours was
bigger, it would be less popular on the market.
9. Weight- The product should be easily carried by one person. If it weighs
too much, it tends to cost more and becomes much harder to transport.
10. Shape- If the device is left installed while the vehicle is moving, we do
not want the shape of the device to obstruct the vision of the driver and
cause a safety hazard.
Design Constraints
Time- Only have one 45 minute class period everyday. All work that cannot
be completed in class must then be done outside of it.
Materials- We may find difficulty if we decide to use some sort of refrigerant
in our design.
Knowledge- It may be difficult for us to wire a device into the cars electrical
system, and handling refrigerant may be difficult
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT D
D ESI GN CON CEPT GEN ERATI ON , AN ALYSI S, AN D
SELECTI ON
Design Solution Selection

Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed
one hundred and fifty degrees in exterior temperatures of ninety degrees.
These extremely high temperatures cause damage to systems and other
property inside the car, including cracking the windshield and decreasing
battery life of devices. People or animals in hot cars can experience strokes,
or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals released from heated plastic in
the car.
Introduction:
This page describes our process for selecting our solution to the problem.
Each of our group members had to come up with 3 individual ideas to solve
the problem. Then we made sketches of each idea then wrote a description
for it. We presented these ideas to the class who then gave us feedback on
each idea. With this in mind, we made a decision matrix with criteria that
were determined from market research. In the end we came up with one
final idea that we will proceed with to try and solve this problem.
Scoring Break down:

Each member's three solutions were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, 5 being the best, by every member of our
group. After the initial rating it is multiplied by the number assigned to the weight of the category it is in,
this weight represents the importance of the category. The scores from each person were added up and
the solution with the highest total overall was the one we ended up choosing.
The categories we used in this decision matrix were some of the ones we believed were the most
important for our end solution out of the several design constraints we came up with earlier in our design
process. Each column contains category is summarized below:
Price, this category is where we assess how much the design would cost our team to develop and what
that would mean for our end product and, ultimately the consumer. Price is valued at 5.
Effectiveness, here we analyze how well a design could control the car in terms of probability, based on
our research on prior marketed and patented solutions. Effectiveness is valued at 5.
Ease of Use, is the category we use to rate how easy a solution would be for the end user. Ease of use is
valued at 4.
Safety is the category in which we rate how our solution can effect the safety of our customers and
other drivers on the road. Safety is valued at 5.
Ease of Installation is another category we are using to make sure the end product is consumer
friendly, with this we assess how easy it would be for our customers to integrate our solution into their
car. Ease of Installation is valued at 2.
Physical appearance is where we analyze both how aesthetically pleasing an item would look once it is
set up in or on a user's vehicle and how little its addition would negatively effect the look of a car.
Physical appearance is valued at 2.
Finally, Ease of Development is the category we devote to quantifying the difficulty of learning how to
make each part of a design work and how many more skills we would need to pick up in order to make
the entire design work. Ease of Development is valued at 3.
Results:
The Automatic cover systems, that both Chris and Ethan came up with, shared quite a few similarities with
only a few slight differences in approach and were therefore given the same grade by all of the groups
members. In the end this solution was chosen because this solution had the highest results across the
board, meaning that it was not only a well-rounded solution to our problem, but that the automatic cover
system could prove to be the most efficient solution out of the many that were proposed.
Winning Design drawings (both variants of the automatic cover):
Skye's Proposed Solutions
Remaining designs:
Ethan's Proposed
Solutions
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT E
APPLI CATI ON OF STEM PRI N CI PLES AN D PRACTI CES

the car.
Introduction: This section of the portfolio deals with the science behind our
product. We need to fully understand certain elements of thermodynamics
in order to understand how hot air moves in our system. Glass has certain
properties that create a greenhouse effect in a car, allowing heat into the
car, but not letting it escape as effectively. We discovered an equation that
seems to be relevant to our issue. Chris and Ethan went and talked to Dr.
Maranto in order to gain a better understanding of this thermodynamics.
Team Responsibilities
Testing Materials
Airtight Glass Environment (Onyx Airtight Glass Container) (Acquired)-Glass
Shading material (Coolaroo Fabric Wheat, Black) (Acquired)-Polyethylene
Heat Lamp-Phillips 250 Watt Incandescent Bulb
BMP Temperature Sensor
Arduino
Laptop
Timer
A room with a constant temperature
Materials of Mockup
Shading material (Coolaroo Fabric Wheat, Black) (Acquired)-Polyethylene
850KV Brushless Outrunner
Arduino
PLA Plastic
Interview with Dr. Maranto

Q1.What makes an object emit more heat?
A1. An object's emissivity value is the main factor in how much heat an object emits. A high value means
an object is similar to a blackbody.
Q2. How does a blackbody work?
A2. A blackbody emits all of the heat that it comes in contact with.
Q3. What makes up a good blackbody?
A3. An object such as coal which is black and highly dense would be a good blackbody.
Q4. Why would a window have a high emissivity value?
A4. A window has a high emissivity value because it allows heat to transfer through freely.
Q5. How does the emissivity of a window effect its ability to trap heat?
A5. Because its emissivity value, the window allows almost all of the heat it comes in contact to transfer
through the window.
Q6. How relevant is the equation?
A6. The equation is only slightly relevant because there are other factors in play to the insulation and
transfer of heat.
Q7. What makes materials good at insulating?
A7. The more compact the molecular structure, the better it is at insulating.
Q8. How effective is our suggested material at insulating the window?
A8. Because it is designed specifically for this sort of thing and because it is closely sewn together, it
should be very effective
Q9. Would multiple layers be more effective at insulating?
A9. The more layers there are, the more pockets of air that can be heated so the material will be even
more effective at insulating.
Q10. How does glass contribute to the greenhouse effect?
A10. Glass has the unique property of letting the radiation in, but not out.
Testing Principles
Thermodynamics:
Radiation: Energy from the sun is capable of radiating through the windows of car.
We are covering the outside of the windows with a UV and heat resistant material to reduce the amount
of heat that is radiated. Also, the window is heated and this heat radiates to the cars interior. Covering
the window will mean it is not heated as much, and its main source of heat will be from the heated
cover material.
Source:
Halliday, D., & Resnick, R. (2011).
Temperature, Heat, and The First Law of
Thermodynamics. In
Fundamentals of physics (9th ed., p. 496).
New York: Wiley.
Energy in
Joules
Temperatur
e
Conclusion:
We learned that the rate at which energy is radiated through a material is
dependent on its temperature and it emissivity. Objects that are dense,
have a small number of air pockets, and have a dark color radiate much
more energy due to their high emissivity value. Glass has a high value
emissivity which means that most of the heat that is transferred to the
glass, is transferred to the cars interior. Our test will test the ability of our
material to shade the glass and prevent heat from transferring to the
window. We have an airtight glass container which we will put a
thermometer in and then cover the glass with our material. We will
compare that to our control to see how well the material keeps the interior
cool.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT F
CON SI D ERATI ON OF D ESI GN VI ABI LI T Y

the car.
Introduction: Through market research and trial and error we arrived at

our final viable solution for our problem. We took what was the best
solution available, the car shade, and decided to automate it. Our design
rolls and unrolls the fabric over the window. The suns rays are what heats
a car the most and this keeps most of them out which keeps the car cooler
for longer. The default state of the device will be unrolled, however when
no vibration is detected by our vibration sensor, the fabric will be rolled
down by a motor.
Academic Research: Our academic research mainly focused on the ways
that the car heats up. The primary way that cars heat up on a hot day is
through radiation. Sunlight strikes the window, and then most of that heat
is transferred through the window to the cars interior by radiation. Glass
has an extremely high emissivity which means that more heat is radiated
through. We choose a material with a low emissivity value to cover the
glass so that less heat will initially come in contact with the glass.
Pros & Cons
Obstacles and Solutions: Our biggest challenge for our prototype was
figuring out how to roll and unroll the fabric consistently. We were planning
on using a straight bar, however most cars have a natural slant to their
window that prevents the bar with the fabric from being at the top. Instead,
we now have three bars. We have one at the bottom of the window with the
fabric wrapped around, one at the top with a motor to roll the fabric up,
and one that rolls with the fabric up the window.
Vendor Information:
We used Glenelg Country School, HomeDepot, Sparkfun, and RadioShack
for all of the materials required for our prototype and testing.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT G
CON STRUCTI ON OF A TESTABLE PROTOT YPE
Introduction
Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed one hundred
and fifty degrees in exterior temperatures of ninety degrees. These extremely high
temperatures cause damage to systems and other property inside the car, including
cracking the windshield and decreasing batte ry life of devices. People or animals in hot
cars can experience strokes, or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals released from
heated plastic in the car.
Testing is an important part of the design process. It is imperative to make sure certain
parts of the product work as we assume they will. In this case the thing we need to test is
the Coolaroo Fabric, to make sure it does indeed block sunlight and keep things cool. We
are using a glass container to act as a car and have created boxes from the fabric that
will fit over that container, as the shade will cover the windows of the car. The sun will
be a stage light shone on the car. We are building a prototype using wooden dowels,
fishing line, a spring, and a motor. The main issue is figuring out how to fasten to car.
Testable Prototype
Cut pieces of the Coolaroo fabric, then sewed it into rectangular prisms to fit over the
glass container that is the car we are using to test the material. Using temperature
sensors hooked up to an arduino we can measure the inside temperature of the car.
We cut a small hole in the container that we can insert the sensor through and seal. The
data is uploaded to an excel spreadsheet.
We stated off by putting the temperature sensors in parallel, but this led to inaccurate
readings. Then we planned on using one temperature sensor on 3.3V and one on 5V.
However this did not work either, for reasons that we did not understand.
Now we are going to use just one temperature sensor. We are going to run two different
tests. One with the sensor in the box with the light shining on it without the cover. A
thermometer will measure the outside temperature. The other will have the sensor
inside the covered box with the light on it, and use a thermometer again to measure
outside temp.
Prototype Construction
Measured the dimension of the back passenger window of a Subaru Forester, 18 x 27 in.
Using these measurements, cut a section of the coolaroo fabric to fit. Left room on ends
to fold over and sew to make a sleeve for wooden dowels. Cut dowels to extend outside
the fabric in order to give room for anything we want to attach, as well as allow room for
sanding.
Conclusion
This section showed our plan for testing the fabric, to make sure that the material does
actually block the sunlight and keep things cool. We have also began building out
prototype. We still need to attach the motor and figure out how the spring will pull the
screen down. Also attaching the device to the car is also an issue, because magnets may
mess with the motor.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT H
PROTOT YPE TESTI N G AN D D ATA COLLECTI ON PL AN
Prototype
`Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can
exceed one hundred and fifty degrees in exterior temperatures of ninety
degrees. These extremely high temperatures cause damage to systems
and other property inside the car, including cracking the windshield and
decreasing battery life of devices. People or animals in hot cars can
experience strokes, or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals released
from heated plastic in the car.
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Our test aimed to test the most effective fabric. We tested the high quality
shader, the lower quality shader, and no shader. This test would ensure
that our proposed fabric would actually be effective at keeping the car cool.
Our test heated the glass cover to simulate a car interior. The fabric was
used as a cover that the sun would shine on first.
Test Location: Team Meeting Room Glenelg Country School
In order for the test to successfully run, we needed a few things. We
needed the light to be above the glass at the same height, we had a height
of 2 feet. The sensor in the container must remain connected to the
Arduino, which must remain connected to the comput.
We needed the glass container, the different fabric, a temperature sensor,
an arduino, a laptop, and wire.

Our procedure was to put the glass container top down onto the table. We
then made sure the wires to the sensor were connected, and the Arduino
was connected and functioning with the computer. We then covered the
container and turned the lamp on, made sure it was centered on the
container. Then we ran the test for 35 minutes. Our data was the
temperature, collected every second.
This test was carried out to prove that our fabric would keep the interior of
a car cool. We made sure to prevent any additional influencing variables so
the only controlling variable was the fabric that we used.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT I
TESTI N G, D ATA COLLECTI ON AN D AN ALYSI S
Results from Testing & Prototype

Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can
exceed one hundred and fifty degrees in exterior temperatures of
ninety degrees. These extremely high temperatures cause damage
to systems and other property inside the car, including cracking
the windshield and decreasing batte ry life of devices. People or
animals in hot cars can experience strokes, or cancer caused by
carcinogenic chemicals released from heated plastic in the car.
We have run four different tests. One with the sensor in the light,
one with the sensor in the box and in the light, one with the sensor
in the box surrounded by the lower quality material, and one with
the sensor in the box surrounded by the higher quality material.
We will have it exposed to the spotlight for 2 hours and then we can
compare the temperatures to choose the most effective material
and we will know exactly how much more effective it is.
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As discussed previously we are testing how well the different fabrics block
heat in our car and sun environment. This is to determine whether we
can get away with using the cheaper cloth while still keeping the car cool.
We ran 3 tests: just glass container, glass container with tan cover, glass
container with black cover.

Here is the results of the test without the cover. The temperature inside
the container reached temperatures as just under 100 degrees Celsius.
These are the results of the second test with the tan cover. There were
significant changes. The temperatures inside the container reached the
high 70s degrees Celsius.
The final test was over in a few seconds. As soon as we turned the stage
light on over the glass container with the black cover, the cover began to
shrink and was deformed into a non-usable piece of material.
Prototype Testing
Installation time on medium sized car: 40 seconds
Installation time on small car: 11 seconds

Cranking up time: 12 seconds
Cranking down time: 10 seconds
Consumer Opinions
We talked to eight different people about the viability of our product and
solution.
In future iterations of our project and prototype, we need to focus on the

aesthetics of our project. We scored pitifully low in that category and it
made people not want to buy our project. Despite this, the average price
that people would pay was quite high. This, combined with our cheap
material means that we would be able to make a significant profit off of our
product. It's interesting to note that the one person that had used another
product to shade their car valued our product more because of the
problems with many other solutions.
Our group learned a lot from the prototype testing process. While our
product preformed well in our testing, it was not popular with our sample
of consumers.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT J
D OCUMEN TATI ON OF EXTERN AL EVALUATI ON
Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed one hundred and fifty degrees
in exterior temperatures of ninety degrees. These extremely high temperatures cause damage to systems
and other property inside the car, including cracking the windshield and decreasing battery life of devices.
People or animals in hot cars can experience strokes, or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals
released from heated plastic in the car.
Some examples of feedback from the Experts:
During our final presentation we were asked
the following:
1. Why did we chose to have our product on
the outside of the car?
2. Why is the folding shade such a popular
solution?
3. Why did we choose to attach the product the
way we did?
4.
Answers:
1. Cars get so hot because the heat gets trapped
inside, our design prevents it from entering the
car in the first place.
2. Because it's cheap, easy to use, and protects
some of the high traffic areas.
3. This is the safest way, any malfunctions would
not obstruct the driver's view.
4.
The panel of experts we spoke to was comprised of two engineers and a

medical expert. They were excited to see our solution to the problem and
interested in seeing how we came up with our solution and as we explained
they asked us a lot of questions about how our solution compared to
existing ones. All of the questions we were asked we were able to answer,
and the answer to each question further justified our design. In the future
though we would definitely try to make the system automatic as we
originally planned, since that was a common theme in the feedback we
received.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT K
REF LECTI ON ON THE D ESI GN PROJECT
Introduction
the car.
Reflection is an important part of the design process. Analyzing the
strengths and weaknesses of the product can lead to more development. A
project goes through several stages, and the more reflection after each
part, the better the next step can be.
Element A: Presentation and Justification of the Problem
The first step is to create a problem statement to define the problem the
project will attempt to fix. It was difficult trying to define the problem
without trying to come up with solutions. We all came up with problems in
life that needed a solution. This involved finding data on each problem to
prove that it was indeed a problem. Once we picked our problem we had to
combine all the data showing why heat building up in a car was an issue.
Element B: Documentation and Analysis of Prior Solution Attempts
Once we defined the solution it was time to create a solution. The first step
of this involved finding out what other solutions to the problem already
existed. We each found 3 prior solutions and 3 patents that attempted to
solve the same issue. Based on how these solutions were received we could
determine what worked and what needed to be improved. It also gave us a
chance to make sure that this was in fact a solution that need to be solved,
and that we were not wasting our time creating something that might not
work as well.
Element C: Presentation and Justification of Solution Design Requirements
In this element, we detailed the most important requirements that our
design had to follow. We used our survey and other research to help us
decide which of our brainstormed requirements were most important and
relevant to our problem. Our most important were price, effectiveness, and
ease of use because we felt that these would lead to the strongest overall
product. The last part of this element was stating our design constraints so
that when we compared all of our potential solutions, we could eliminate
the ones that were impossible to do within the boundaries of our
constraints.
Element D: Design Concept Generation, Analysis, and Selection
This element is where the direction of our project really showed itself. Each
of us generated three different potential solutions so we had a total of 6.
After we had created our solutions, we presented them to the rest of the
class so they could give us feedback on our ideas. With these comments in
mind, we turned to a decision matrix so we could objectively determine the
best potential solution. The decision matrix removed most of the bias that
we might have that would negatively affect our selection. We took our
requirements from Element C, and assigned a weight to them based on
importance. Each of us then filled out our own section of the decision
matrix then brought the individual results together. Bringing all of them
together prevented one person overpowering the other two and forcing a
solution upon the group that might not be the best.
Element E: Application of STEM Principles and Practices
Once we had a solution we were going to pursue we needed to see what
principles needed to be tested to prove it would work. The main concepts
that need to be studied were thermodynamic. How does heat get into a
parked car? How can the material block that heat? We spoke to the one of
the science teachers at GCS, Dr. Maranto, to discuss these questions. We
created a test in order to make sure our solution would actually work.This
involved creating a miniature environment that mimicked the car in the
sun. An important part of any project is making sure you understand how
product will fix the issue and making sure it actually works that way.
Element F: Consideration of Design Viability
In this element, we broke down the plan for our design and what its pros
and cons were, and how we planned to address the cons. Since our shade
was based on existing shades, we decided to start there with the cons. We
decided to have our shade on the outside of the car to address the
problem of radiation and heat transfer. Once we decided on that, we had
only a few more foreseeable problems. We would need to devise a system
to attach the shade, roll the shade up and down, and prevent the shade
from covering the window when the car was moving. We decided to use
magnets and a strap to prevent the shade from falling off or moving, a
motor with fishing line and an extra wooden dowel for the rolling up and
down, and we decided to have the shade start at the bottom and roll up so
there was no risk of the entire shade falling down over the car while driving.
Element G: Construction of a Testable Prototype
Once we confirmed our materials worked as we expected them too it was
time to create a prototype. It also allowed us to find the flaws in our original
design for the product. We had many issues with motors and we ended up
switched to a manual crank. We also needed to secure it better including
magnets on the bottom PBC and straps over the top of the car that are
attached to the shade on the opposite window. Many ideas seem good in
theory however creating the actual thing is the best test.

Element H: Prototype Testing and Data Collection Plan
In this element, we tested our shader material to prove that our shade
would be effective. We attached a temperature sensor to a breadboard
inside a sealed glass container which simulated the interior of a car. We
hooked the temperature sensor up to an Arduino which processed the
temperature and sent it to the computer. The computer sent all the
information to a text file which we then imported into Excel after the test
for analysis. We used a stage lamp 6 feet above the box to simulate the sun
The results of this test showed to us which of our two shaders was better
and how much cooler it kept the box. This gave us the needed information
to continue with our plan for a prototype.
Element I: Testing, Data Collection, and Analysis
In this element, we performed several tests and consumer surveys on our
completed prototype. On a small and a large car, we tested how much time
it took to assemble, raise the shade, and lower the shade. This satisfied our
design requirements of ease of use. Following that we asked people
questions about our prototype such as suggested cost and aesthetic value.
We performed poorly in the aesthetic value test so in the future, that will be
an area we focus on.
PORTFOLIO ELEMENT L
PRESEN TATI ON OF D ESI GN ER'S RECOMMEN D ATI ON S
Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed one hundred and fifty degrees in
exterior temperatures of ninety degrees. These extremely high temperatures cause damage to systems
and other property inside the car, including cracking the windshield and decreasing battery life of devices.
People or animals in hot cars can experience strokes, or cancer caused by carcinogenic chemicals
released from heated plastic in the car.
Introduction: We received valuable feedback during our presentation to the experts. Part of the purpose
of presenting was to receive information on what we could have done to continue the presentation.
Recommendations:
1. More confidence
We could have been more confident and sure of what we were saying during the presentation. We also did
not appear to be very excited about the work we had done. We could have practiced the presentation
more to be more sure of what we were saying. That would also allow us to focus on how we were saying
things rather than just what we were saying. The manner in which something is presented is as important
as what is being presented.
2. Looking Ahead
As we neared the end of the project we tried to come to a conclusion rather than see what could be
improved in the future. An important part of a project is to see how it can be improved, and we knew we
did not have a finished project. Having a plan for the future creates a good image because it shows we are
organized and ready to continue.
3. Relevance of the Test
One problem of our test was that it was only applicable to our small box. The heat transfer of a car is
somewhat different than the small box that was attached to the ground. While it proved that the fabric
was effective at keeping the box cool in the short term, it failed to prove it would be more effective than no
cover in the long term. Additionally, in a car, there are other ways that heat can enter the car that we
cannot shade. Unfortunately, we were not able to have 6 working prototypes so we could do a complete
test. As soon as we had that many, we could conduct an accurate test.
Conclusion:
The feedback we received from our panel gave us a promising
improvements to make on our project in terms of further development of
our project. Now we know what we can do with our solution to make it
more appealing to the consumer and how to better exemplify its
performance.

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ENGINEERING DESIGN &

When the Seat is Too Hot. . .

Solution Design & Development Team

The Hot Car Guys, from left to right:

The Perfect Temperature

Solar Cooling system for automobile

Cooled Childrens car seat

Platinum Shield SUV Cover For 2015 Jeep Wrangler

70% of people have seen a pet or child left in a hot car.

Design Solution Requirements

Design Solution Selection

Scoring Break down:

Winning Design drawings (both variants of the automatic cover):

Skye's Proposed Solutions

Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed

Interview with Dr. Maranto

Problem Statement: The interior temperature of a parked car can exceed

Introduction: Through market research and trial and error we arrived at

Pros & Cons

an arduino, a laptop, and wire.

Results from Testing & Prototype

container with black cover.

Installation time on small car: 11 seconds

In future iterations of our project and prototype, we need to focus on the

The panel of experts we spoke to was comprised of two engineers and a

theory however creating the actual thing is the best test.

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