HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1208

(Differential Equations)
Classroom Discussion Exercise
1.

(c)

8.

(d)

2.

(a)

d2 y
dx 2

dy 2 2
1

dx

4.

5.

(a)

(d)

(b)

9.

y = aex + be2x + ce-3x

y1 = aex + 2be2x 3ce-3x
= (aex + be2x + ce-3x) + be2x 4ce-3x
y1 = y + be2x 4ce-3x
y2 = y1 + 2be2x + 12ce-3x
y2 = y1 + 2 (be2x 4ce-3x) + 20ce-3x
y2 = y1 + 2 (y1 y) + 20ce-3x
y2 3y1 + 2y = 20ce-3x
(y2 3y1 + 2y) c3x= 20 c
(y2 3y1 + 2y) e3x.3 + e3x (y3 3y2 + 2y1) = 0
3y2 9y1 + 6y + y3 3y2 + 2y1 = 0
ie y3 7y1 + 6y = 0

(a)

x2
y '2

x
y'

xy

10. (c)

x2
y' 2

dy
x2 y
dx
dy

x2 x y
dx
dy

x 2 x dx
y

dx

x y dy

12. (a)

1 x 1dx

dy
x y
dx

dy
du
1
dx
dx
du

(1 u)
dx

The given equation is the same as

2

dy

x dx y 0

dy
y
dx

x
y
dx
dy 0
(1 x )
(1 y )

1 y 1dy 0

log(1 x) x = log(1 y) + y + C
(1 x) (1 y) = Ae(x+ y)

x3 x 2

C
3
2

du
u
dx
du
dx

1 u
log(1-u) = x + C
log (1 x + y) = x + C
y = (x-1) + Ce-x.

x 1 y dx y 1 x dy 0

The equation of the line x 2 y 2 1 is

y xy12 1 y12

Let u x y

xy

log y

1 x 2 1 x 2 y '2 x 2

y2

x
ky
.
C x
y
1 y2

dy
dx

yx

11. (d)

(1) y xy1 1 y12

(c)

dy
y
dx

d
xy d x
dx
dx y

y = mx 1 m2 (1) y1 = m

7.

dy
dy

y2 x
y y x
dx
dx

x2 + (y a)2 = 1

So the 1st equation gives x2+

(d)

y A x x e x

y = (A + Bx) e3n ye3x = A + Bx

ye3x.3 + e3x.y1 = B
(y1 3y) e3x = B
(y1 3y) . e3x. 3 + e3x. (y2 3y1) = 0
(y1 3y)( 3) + (y2 3y1) = 0
3y1 + 9y + y2 3y1 = 0
y2 6y1 + 9y = 0

2x + 2(y a)y = 0 ya=

6.

log y x log x 1 C

2
dy 2
d2 y
ie r2 2 1

dx
dx

order 2 and degree 2

3.

dy
y log x
dx
dy

log x dx
y

i.e.,
13. (a)

dy
y

dx
x

x y a.

y x dy y x dx

dy y x

dx y x

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dy
dy
vx
dx
dx
dv v 1

v+x
dx v 1

17. (b)

put y = vx,

Put x = X + 1, y = Y + 2
dY
XY

dX
XY
dV 1 V
VX

dX 1 V

dv v 2 2v 1

v 1
dx

dx
v 1
2
dx
x
v 2v 1

1 2v v 2
dV
=
1 v
dX

V 1 dV
dX

V 2 2V 1 X
X

1
log v 2 2v 1 log c
2
is x2 (v2 2v 1) = c
is y2 2xy x2 = c

logx =

14. (a)

i.e.,

18. (a)

dv 1 v 2 v 2
1

dx
v
v
dx
vdv
x

v2
log x C1
2

19. (d)

y = vx
dv
v tan v
dx
dx
cot v dv
x
log sin v = log Cx
y
sin Cx .
x

20. (b)

2
2
dy y x y
y
y
= 1

dx
x
x
x

dv
v 1 v2
dx
where y = vx
dv
x
1 v2
dx
dv
dx

2
x
v 1

v v 2 1 Cx

y2

1 Cx

y x 2 y 2 Cx 2

dy
y
dx
x
x2

x2
y
y
+C
x =
2
x
x

dy
y tan x cot x x 2 cot x
dx
dy
tan x.
y 1 tan2 x x 2
dx
dy
tan x.
y sec 2 x x 2
dx
d
y tan x x 2

dx

y tan x

vx

log v v 2 1 log Cx

dX
C
X

x2
2y 2

dy
x
y x3
dx
d
dx

vx

16. (c)

y
dv
v 3 v where v =
dx
x
dv dx
1

log x log C
x
v3
2v 2

Cx = e

2V 1

vx

y
2 log x C
x

15. (a)

2 V 1 dV

log V 2 2V 1 2 log X C
Y2 + 2XY X2 = C
i.e., (y 2)2 + 2 (x 1) (y 2) (x 1)2 = C
x2 2xy y2 + 2x + 6y = k.

dx 1 v 2

dx
v

1
2

dy x 2 y 2

dx
xy
Substitute y = vx
dy
dv
vx

dx
dx

v+x

dy x y 1

dx x y 3

21. (c)

x3
C
3

dy 2y

sin x
dx
x

I.F = e

pdx

= e 2 log x
22. (b)

1
x2

2
dx
x

P = 2 tan x, Q = sin x

Pdx 2 tan xdx log sec

I.F = elog sec

sec 2 x

Solution is y (I.F) =
y sec2 x =

Q I.Fdx

sin x sec

x dx

2
2
x C y x y .

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2

cos

sin x
2

x
y sec2x = secx + C

dx =

tan x. sec xdx

dz 1
1
z 2
dy y
y

1
1
;Q= 2
y
y

P=
2

y = cos x + C cos x
Given y = 0, when x =

C cos2
3
3
1
1
0 = C
2
4
C = 2.
y = cos x 2 cos2 x.

0 = cos

23. (d)

Solution is
1
1 1
1
1
z
dy z 2 C
y
y 2y
y2 y
22y = 1 + 2cy2
2y cosecx = 1 + 2cy2
2y = sinx. (1 + 2cy2)

dy
1

y e x x a
dx x a

P=

1
y

Pdy log y I.F =

25. (a)

1
; Q = ex (x + a)
xa

1 y dx
xe
dy
2

tan 1 y
1

dx
1
e tan y

x
dy 1 y 2
1 y2

Pdx log x a log x a

1

Here P

1
xa
Solution is
1
1
y
e x x a
dx
xa
xa
y
x
e x C y = (x + a) (e + C).
xa

I.F =

x . e tan

e tan

etan

du = etan

dx 1
1
cos ec x 2
dy y
y

e tan

1 y

dz 1
1
z 2
dy y
y

. e tan

. dy

1
1 y2

dy

u2

u du 2 C

x etan

1 y

Put u =

Put z = cosec x
dz
dx
cos ec x cot x
dy
dy

1 y

IF = e
Solution is

dx 1
1
tan x
tan x sin x
dy y
y2

cosec x cot x

tan1 y

24. (a)

1 2 tan 1 y
e
C
2

1
,b=2
2

ab = 1

Regular Homework Exercise

1.

(c)

The given expression can be reduced to

Differentiating with respect to x

dy
2 (x 3) + 2 (y 3)
0
dx
x 3 dy

0
y 3 dx

2
dy 2

d2 y
1

dx

dx 2

Hence, order = 2 and degree = 2.

2

2.

3.

(a)

(c)

dy
1
x 2 .
dx
Degree = 2, order = 1.

dy
Aex Bex
dx
2

d y
dx 2

Ae Be

d2 y
dx 2

5.

(c)

6.

(a)

x2 + y2 = r2 .
dy x 1

dx y 12
2

y 0 is the differential equation

2x + 2y y1 = 0

x 1

dx

y 1

x 13 y 13
3

dy

y 1 x 1 C
3

y x x 2 y 2 xy 3x 3y 3 C
The general equation is
(x 3) 2 + (y 3) 2 = a 2
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4.

(b)

7.

(b)

sec2 y tan x dy = sec2 x tan y dx

sec 2 y
sec 2 x
dy
dx
tan y
tan x
log tan y = log tan x + log C.
i.e., tan x tan y = C.

12. (d)

dy 2x 3 y
, put y = vx

dx 3 x 2y

vx

dv 2 3v
;

dx 3 2u

dV
2 6 v 2v 2

dx
3 2u

2dx
3 2v dv

x
1 3v v 2

x
8.

(b)

dy
x tan y
dx

cot y.dy

xdx

x2
log(sin y )
C
2

when x = 0, y =
C=0
2

y sin

9.

(c)

x2
)
2

.
13. (d)

du
3u 1
u1
=

du dx
3u 1
u 1
dx

dy
du
du
1
cos u
1
dx
dx
dx
du
u
1 cos u = 2 sin2

dx
2
1
2 u
cos ec
.du x C

2
2
u
x + cot C
2
x y C
x + cot
2

1
4

u log 3u 1 x C
3
3

i.e., x 2y

dy
1 x2 y2 2xy
dx
dy
1 x y 2

dx
Substitute (x y) = u
dy
du
du
1
1 u2

1
dx
dx
dx
du
du
xC
u2

dx
u2

14. (c)

15. (d)

dy dv

dx dx

1 v
dv = dx
1 2v
On integration,
v 1
log 1 2v x C
2 4

dy x y

dx
y x

v2
log x C
2
2
y = 2x2 (logx + C)
y2 = 2x2(logx + C)

x y = v, 1

dv

(v 1) 1
v
dx

1
1
xC

xC
u
x y

dv
2v
,

dx
v 1
1
1
log x =
v
log v + C
2
2

x2 v = CeV. xy = C e x

4
log 3 x 6 y 1 3 x C
3

4
log 3 x 6 y 1 2x 2y C
3
2 log (3x + 6y 1) = 3 (x y) + C.

Substitute, y = vx
dv 1

v
v+x
dx
v
dv 1

x
vdv
dx
v

u = x + 2y

u 1
du
dy
= 1 2
1 2

dx
dx
u 1

dy
cos x y
dx

11. (b)

; u = 1 3v v2

2 logx + log u = logc

ie x2 u = c x2 (1 3v v2) = C
ie x2 3xy y2 = C

Substitute x y u

10. (a)

dx du

0
x
u

x y C1
1
xy
log 1 2v x C
=
2
4
2

or

log (1 2v) = 2 (x + y + C1)

log (2y 2x + 1) = 2 (x + y + C1).

dx

16. (d)

By definition

17. (b)

Pdx

sin x Pdx log sin x

d
P=
log sin x cot x.
dx

18. (d)

dy
2
dy 2
y
y x
dx
x
dx x

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dy y 2

dx x x 2

I.F =

1
dx
1
x
=

20. (a)

dx

x 1n

x 1n

dx

1
dy y
5 x I.F =
dx x
x
1
1
solution is y. 5 x. dx
x
x
1
2
y 5 x C y = 5x + cx
x
(4, 0) lies on this C = 20
The curve is y = 5x2 20x
(5, a) lies on this gives a = 25

The given equation is

dy
n

y e x x 1n
dx x 1
n
x
n
P=
, Q = e (x + 1)
x 1
I.F = e x 1

= ex + C
y = (1 + x)n (ex + C).

x
1
2 1
y
. dx
x
x2 x
2
xy = 1 + cx

19. (a)

1 x n

x 1n
Assignment Exercise

1.

(c)

Order = 2 and degree = 3

2.

(a)

y = p + qe6x + re8x
y1 = 6qe6x 8re8x
e8xy1 = 6q e14x 8r
e8x y2 + y1 e8x.8 = 84 q e14x
(y2 + 8y1) e6x = 84q
(y2 + 8y1) e6x. 6+e6x (y3 + 8y2) = 0
6y2 48y1 + y3 + 8y2 = 0
ie y3 + 2y2 48y1 = 0

3.

(d)

The equation of the circle with centre

(0, 0) is x2 + y2 = a2
2x + 2y.

8.

(d)

z
sec 2
2 dz dx
z

2 1 tan
2

dy
0
dx

x+yy1 = 0
4.

(b)

5.

(c)

log 1 tan x C1
2

x y

x C1
log 1 tan
2

x 2 ydx xy 2dy 0
xdx + ydy = 0

1 tan

x2
y2

C
2
2
2
2
x +y =K

xy
1 tan
ex eC1
2

6.

(b)

dy
y2
dx

(d)

dy
1
, put z = x + y + 1

dx x y 1
1 z 1
dz
dy
= 1
1
dx
dx
z
z
z dz
dx

z 1

z 1 1
dz x C
z 1

xy
e x C1
2

xy
x
1 tan
Ce .
2

dy

y2 dx

1
x C1 xy 1 ky
y

7.

Put z = x + y
dz
dy
1
= 1+ sin z cos z
dx
dx
dz
dx
1 sin z cos z
dz
dx
z
z
2 z
2 cos
2 sin cos
2
2
2

9.

(a)

x y dy x y dx 0

dy y x

dx y x

Put y = vx,

v2 1
dv

v 1
dx

dy
dv
vx
dx
dx

v
2

dv

1
2

dv

v 1
v2 1

dv

dx
x

dx
x

1
log( v 2 1) log x tan 1 v c
2

z log (z + 1) = x + C
log x2 (v2+1) + 2 tan1 v = c
x + y + 1 log (x + y + 2) = x + C
y log |x + y + 2| = C.
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y
k
x

log x 2 y 2 2 tan 1

Given that y = 1 for x = 1 K = log2 +

13. (d)

2x + y = z
dy dz
dz

2z
dx
dx dx
dz
dz
dx

z2
z2
dx
log (z + 2) = x + C
z + 2 = ex eC
2x + y + 2 = kex
y = kex 2x 2.

14. (a)

It is linear equation

y
log x 2 y 2 2 tan 1 log 2
x 2

10. (d)

dv 1 v 2

dx
2v

Put y = vx v x
x

dv 1 v 2
1 v2

v
dx
2v
2v
2vdv
dx

.
x
1 v2

I. F. = e

log (1 v2) = log c x

pdx

y sec x =
1

1 v2

15. (a)

x
cx i.e., x2 y2 cx
x2 y2
i.e., y2 x2 + c x = 0
i.e.,

Homogeneous differential equation.

12. (c)

Put y = v x
dy
dv

vx
dx
dx
dv
1
v+x
v
dx
v
dv 1
vdv
x

dx v

y dx = (y3 x) dy
dx 1

x y 2 , it is a linear Equation is x
dy y
P=

1
Q = y2
y
1

pdy
y
e
= e

I. F =

xy =

dy

= elogy = y

y dy c

y4
c 4xy = y4 + k.
4

= sec x

sec 2 x dx C = tan x + C

y sin x = C cos x

cx

11. (c)

= elog sec x

dx
x

v2
log x log c
2
y2
2x 2

y2

log (cx )

e 2x

= cx.

Additional Practice Exercise

1.

(d)

Take log on both side

2 log (x +y) = log a + log (x y)
2
1 y' 1 1 y'
xy
xy

1 y' 2 x 2 y

1 y'
xy

1 y' 1 y'
1 y' 1 y '
y =

(a)

(d)

y eax = C1x + C2
y eax.a + eax.y1 = C1
ay.eax.a + aeax.y1 + eax.y2 + y1 . eax . a = 0
ie y22 + 2ay1 + a2y = 0

5.

(a)

y = ax2 + bx yx1= ax +b
y(x2) + (x1 y1) = a
y (2x3) + (x2 y1) + x1 y2 + y1 (x2) = 0
2y xy1 + x2y2 xy1 = 0
2y = 2xy1 x2 y2

6.

(a)

Equation of the ellipse is

x 3y
3x y

3y x
3x y

x2

(3x y) y1 = (3y x)
2.

4.

Parabola will have equation

y2 = 4a (x b) ; a, b, are constant
differentiating twice, yy + (y)2 = 0.

2x
a

3.

(a)

log y = loga + bx
1
.y' 6
y

b2

(1)

2y dy

0
b2 dx

a2 yy1
b2
(2)
x
Substituting (2) in (1) we get,

1
1
.y" y'. 2 .y' 0
y
y

y y (y)2 = 0 y .

y2

x2
2

d y
dx 2

dy

dx

y2

a yy x
2

1 x 2 a2 y1 xy

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7.

(a)

xdy ydx xydx

dy

dx

dx

logy + logx = x + C
log (xy) = x + c
xy = Aex
8.

(c)

16. (a)

(d)

xdy ydx dx dy

17. (a)

11. (c)

Ae

2x

(e

y=

13. (d)

z = x + y,

18. (a)

xy=

e2x C
e2x C

19. (c)

1 y2

dx x c .

dy dv

dx
dx

1
1
dv dx
v

2 cos2

2 v
1 2 sec 2 dv dx

Put x + y = v, 1

1
dv dx
1 cos v

v
xc
2
xy
xc
x + y tan
2

v tan

dz
dy
1
dx
dx

y dy

dy
1
2y dy = dx

dx 2y

dx

dz 1
-z dz = dx
dx z

x e x dx

1 x . 1 xdx

dv
cos v
1 cos v
dx
cos v
dv dx
1 cos v

f (x)
xc
y

z2
xC0
2
(x y)2 + 2x + C = 0.
15. (b)

dx

cos v dv 1 1

dz
dy
1
dx
dx

z=xy

y2 = x + C ---------- (1)
Since (1) passes through (4, 3) C = 5
(1) becomes y2 = x + 5.

dz
sec z cos z dz dx
dx
sin z = x + C, ie sin (x + y) = x + C.

14. (a)

1
1
,Q
1 x
1 x

2x 1) dx = ex x2 + x + C.

dy

du

y f (x) dx f (x) dy = y2 dx or
y f ' ( x )dx f ( x ) dy
dx
y2

12. (d)

1 y2

The given equation is of the form

dy
y
1

dx 1 x 1 x

du
u2
dx

1 u dx

f (x)
dx
d
y
f(x) = (x + c) y.

y (1 + x) =

1 u
Ae 2 x
1 u
Ae 2 x 1

2y dy

. F = 1 + x

1 1 u
log
x C'
2 1 u

u=

dy
dx
dy 2 y

dx
x
y
x

Here P =

Substitute u = x-y 1
du

(1 u2 )
dx

1
2

dx

log y = 2 log x + log C

log y = log x2 C y = x2 C
Since the curve passes through (1, 2)
2 = 12 C C = 2
The equation is y = 2x2.

dy
dy
y 1
x
dx
dx
d
d
( xy)
(y) 1

dx
dx
xy y = x+ C
xy = x + y + C

10. (c)

Solution is

dy
dy
y
dx
dx
dx
logy = x + c
y = Aex
when x = 0, y = A = 2 y 2e x

9.

xe

xy
ie y = tan
c
2

20. (a)

dy
2y
e2 y e dy = dx
dx

Integration gives

e2 y
xc
2

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email : info@time4education.com website : www.time4education.com Sol.SMM631052/25
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y = 0, x = 5

1
9
5 c, c
2
2

e2 y 9
2

1 6
e 9 .
2

2v

1 v 1 2v

dv

dy
dy
40

4
dx
dx
2

dy

2 0
dx

dy
2
dx
y 2x C

27. (a)

dx = (t2 + t) dt
t3 t 2
C
3 2
when t = 0, x = 0, C = 0

x=

t3 t2
6x = t2 (2t + 3) (1)

3
2
dy
y = log (1 + t)
dy
1 t
1 + t = ey t = ey 1.
Substituting in (1), we get
6x = (ey 1)2 [2ey 2 + 3]
6x = (2ey + 1) (ey 1)2.

x2
c which passes through(2, 1)
2
2 2 c c 4
x2
4 2xy x 2 8
2

28. (d)

dy
dv
vx
dx
dx
The differential equation is
dv 1 v
vx

dx
3
dv 1 2v
x

dx
3
3 dv
dx

1 2v
x

y = vx

The given equation is

2
dt
2s t Se S is a linear D.E
ds
P = 2s; Q = ses I.F =
Solution is
2

t es
2

t es

29. (a)

se

s2

es

es ds

s2
C.
2

y 2 4ax

2y

dy
4a
dx

dy
dy
y2 = 2y
.
x y 2x
dx
dx

dy
mdx
y

log y mx c y A e

mx

25. (a)

z2
e2

26. (d)

dy ( x y )
dy x y

0
dx
x
dx
x
dy y

1
dx x
dy
d
x
y x
( xy ) x
dx
dx

dy
my 0
dx
dy

my
dx

x2
ke 2

sin (y x) =

xy

24. (a)

x2
2

x2
log C sin z =
C sin z =
2

dx
x

2 1
1
dx

dv
3 1 2v 1 v
x
Integrating,
C
log (1 2v) (1 + v)2 = log
x3
(x 2y) (x + y)2 = C.

23. (d)

cot z dz x dx

log sin z + log C =

dy x y
21. (b) The given equation is

dx
2y
Put y = vx
dy x vx

v+x
dx
2vx
2v
dx

dV
x
1 v 2v 2

xy

dz
1 x tan z 1
dx

dz
x tan z
dx

when y = 3, x =

22. (d)

30. (c)
.

dy y 2

dx x 2

dy
x tan y x 1 Put z = y x
dx
dz dy

1
dx dx

y x
dy

dx

1 1

C (x y) = kxy
y
x

;;
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Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
Tel : 04027898194/95 Fax : 04027847334
email : info@time4education.com website : www.time4education.com Sol.SMM631052/26
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