Chapter 6

How Earths Rocks Were Formed

Uniformity
In 1795 a Scottish geologist named James Hutton came
to the conclusion that The present is the key to the
Past This indicates that:
1) The geological processing that we see now are the
same ones of the past.
2) The present geological features were created by
these processes over a long period of time.
This is the concept of Uniformity

 Chemical Analysis
8 elements make up 98.6% of the crust
These 8 elements make up the solid materials of the Earths crust and are
known as rocks and minerals.
A mineral is solid inorganic material of the Earth that has both a known
chemical composition and a crystalline structure that is unique to that mineral

A rock is a solid aggregate of one or more minerals that have

been cohesively brought together by a rock-forming process.

 (A)The percentage by weight of

the elements that make up
Earth's crust.

(B) The percentage by weight

of the elements that make up the
whole Earth.

Intro to Rocks!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pm6cCg_Do6k

Rocks vs. Minerals

Elements are chemically combined to form minerals (homogeneous)
Minerals are physically combined to form rocks (heterogeneous)

Three Groups of Rocks

The types of rocks are determined by the
process that created them. The 3 types of
rocks song!?https
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPgE74Vltdc
The 3 types of rocks are:
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic

Igneous Rocks
formed by the cooling and hardening of molten rock
(magma) from inside the earth.
Plutonic (aka Intrusive) rocks form when magma cools deep underground
Cools VERY slowwwwwlllllly because its in contact with molten rock
Grains are course and interlocking
Granite is plutonic or intrusive.

Igneous Rocks Continued

Extrusive (aka volcanic) = magma that
cools above the Earths surface
The texture of volcanic rocks is that of fine
grains as they cool much more rapidly.
Rapid cooling doesnt allow time for crystals
to form

 Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock composed mostly of light-colored, lightdensity, nonferromagnesian minerals. The earth's continental areas are
dominated by granite and by rocks with the same mineral composition of granite.

 This is a piece of obsidian, which has the same chemical composition as the
granite. Obsidian has a different texture because it does not have crystals and is
a volcanic glass. The curved fracture surface is common in noncrystalline
substances such as glass.

Assignment
The Rock Cycle NASAeClips
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRaInMDNyE8
Read chapter 6.1, do section review questions 1,2
&4