smit shah ceh hacktrack

penetration testing- exploiting

vulnerability assessment
hackers
crackers
phreaks
scriptidies
white-hat hacker, grey hat hackers and blac hat hackers
white hat: for a good cause
black hat: destructive purposes
grey hat: both sides(black and white)
steps of hacking:
1.Reconnaissance- information gathering
2.scanning enumeration
3.gaining access
4.maintaining access- backdoors upload
5.clearing tracks- delete ip address(from log) that was recorded while entering
the first time
--------------------------------------ip address:
unique number assigned to each and every devices that connects to internet or ne
twork
ipv4: 32 bit number
0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
^ ^ and so on coded in octa
192.168.1.1
0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 >> hence 255*255*255*255 = total IPs
Types of ip addresses:
1. Static: 192.168.12.1 (remains same throughtout)
2. Dynamic: 192.168.12.1 (changes everytime we reconnect)
ICANN organisation manages all this
for eg: airtel wants to purchase ip addresses then they will get a range of ip a
ddresses like 122.0.0.0 to 122.255.255.255
---------------------------------------classes of ip addresses:
1. Class A: 0 to 126 - large scale oranisation
0.255.255.255 ---> N.H.H.H
total= 255*255*255
range 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
2. Class B: 128 to 191 - medium scale organisation
subnet mask as: 0.0.255.255 ---> N.N.H.H
total hosts can be connected = 255*255
range= 172.16.0.0 to 172.16.255.255
3. Class c: 192 to 223 - Small scale organisation
subnet mask as: 0.0.0.255 ---> N.N.N.H
N=network bits
H= Host(Device) bits
that is max 254 devices can be connected
range= 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
4. Class D: 224 to 239
5. Class E: 240 to 255

127 - localhost
------------------------------------Categories of ip address:
1) private ip address:
how to check: cmd--> ipsonfig or ipconfig/all
2) public ip address: go to whatismyip.com
-------------------------------------network address translation (NAT):
search---> private ip address---> public address----> internet----> response--->>> public ip---->>private ip----> system
ipv6: 128 bit number
tcp: transmission control protocol