Behaviorism

General Overview

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Earlier psychological
ideals proposed
that researchers
should access the
conscious and
subconscious aspects
of the mind to
understand human
functioning, but
behaviorism
dismisses these
ideals (Winsor,
Murrell, & MagunJackson, 2015, p.31).

Behaviorist believe
that it is more
important to
understand a persons
actions rather than
their thoughts
(Winsor, Murrell,&
Magun-Jackson,
2015).

Operant conditioning
is used to try and
keep students from
preforming actions
that will have a
negative
consequence,
consequences are not
viewed as good or
bad but rather
represent the
direction of
behavior... (Winsor,
Murrell, & MagunJackson, 2015, p.34)

Operant conditioning
emphasizes good
behaviors while
punishing bad ones
so that students will
continue to strive for
positive outcomes not
negative ones
(Winsor, Murrell, &
Magun-Jackson,
2015).

Classical Conditioning
Process
Classical Conditioning
(Pavlov) Findings
Watson Findings
Operant Conditioning

Notes

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When using
continuous
reinforcement the
individual learns to
expect the award
every time the
behavior takes place
(Winsor, Murrell, &
Magun-Jackson,
2015, p. 36).

Reinforcement that is
used occasionally to
ensure that a child or
student is retaining
information learned
previously is known
as intermittent
reinforcement
(Winsor, Murrell, &
Magun-Jackson,
2015).

Social Learning
Theory

According to social
learning theorist
individuals gain
knowledge of the
rules, skills and
attitudes that are
appropriate for
various contexts
through observations
that include both
internal and external
observations (Winsor,
Murrell, & MagunJackson, 2015, p.36)

The idea that people

learn through
interacting with
another individual or a
group is known as
social learning theory
(Winsor, Murrell, &
Magun-Jackson,
2015).

Bandura Findings

A teacher modeling
an activity to students
in a classroom ...is
more than imitation,
because students
are adding to and
subtracting from the

Learning contracts,
contracts between
student and teacher,
encourages the
student to do his or
her work while
guarantying a reward

Reinforcement

Punishment
Schedules of
Reinforcement

Notes

Learned Helplessness
Optional Extra

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observed behavior...
(Winsor, Murrell, &
Magun-Jackson,
2015, p.37)

for doing so from the

teacher (Winsor,
Murrell, & MagunJackson, 2015).

Notes

References:
Winsor, D.L., Murrell, V.S., & Magun-Jackson, S. (2015). Lifespan development: An educational
psychology perspective. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions