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_________________________________________________________________________________

Professional Development for Sciences Teachers in light of

(Integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
Ibrahim Abdullah Al-Muhaisin & Barah Bahgat Khaja
Taibah University
Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to highlight Science teachers' professional development in light of integrating Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics STEM as a contemporary trend in teaching and learning science. The paper aimed to answer to
the following question: What is the Suggested Conception of professional development for science teachers in light of the integration of
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics STEM? To answer this question the researchers used the analytic descriptive method,
through induction and analysis of research and literature related to the Integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
STEM. The research concludes to present a conception based on four basic principles: 1.Professional development for science teachers as a
system. The implementation of STEM requires developing plans and strategies at the state level, which in turn will reflect on the policies and
practices of the educational institution. It requires the allocation of sufficient budgets to support and achieve what it takes to implement
STEM, including specifying days and times for professional development programs for teachers who may be nominated to dedicate all of
their time to work on these programs. 2.It requires development of cognitive content, including defining the required development needs and
the technique that should be used to define them. Another vital part of this implementation is identifying different types of professional
development programs, which have the objectives of learning content and developing teachers within the framework of the major goals of
teaching STEM. Finally, resources must be dedicated to the developing of educational materials in the field of STEM; such as software and
digital video simulation that illustrate the complex processes that enable teachers to reach in-depth understanding of this field. 3.Professional
development strategies to learn STEM. It requires; providing learning opportunities and developing skills of action-research to generate new
knowledge about STEM, and using a variety of strategies to enable teachers to design and transfer of educational experiences that reflect
their STEM fields such as scientific survey. 4. Supporting professional development. It requires: supporting the management of schools,
providing solid and appropriate opportunities for professional development for teachers within schools through professional learning
communities, and building partnerships between the Ministry of Education and local institutions in addition to international ones.
Keywords: Professional development, science teacher, STEM.

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The impact of teaching "Fractal Geometry" on developing the skills of creative thinking
of secondary school students
Ibrahim Mohamed Qannaf Al-Moaafaa
King Saud University
Abstract: The study aimed to organize and prepare a content of an instructional unit in "Fractal Geometry" and to
investigate its impact on developing the skills of creative thinking of students of secondary school. The study sample cossited
of (34) students of 11th grade of secondary education in Sana'a Governorate. The researcher used the experimental method of
one group with pre- and posttest of skills of creative thinking. This test was prepared by Prof. of educational psychology
"Mohmood Mansi" (Alexandria University). Its stability coefficient was 0.92 and the validity coefficient of its items were in
the range of (0.69 0.92). The collected data were analyzed by applying t-test for two connected samples using SPSS.
The most important results are as following: 1. There are significant differences at the level less than(0.01) between the
means of the scores of the students in the pre-application and post-application of the test of the skills of creative thinking as a
whole, as well as for its components: fluency, flexibility, originality in favour of the post-application of the test. 2. There is a
high educational impact of teaching the experimental unit "Fractal Geometry" on the developing the skills of creative
thinking of the sample of the study. 3. The experimental unit has developed the fluency skills better than the flexibility, while
the development of the originality skills remained at the same level. The researcher recommended the necessity of including
of "Fractal Geometry" teaching mathematics at different educational stages.
Keywords: Fractal Geometry, creative thinking skills, fluency, flexibility, authenticity.

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Abraham,Frederick David.(2008): Judgments of Time, Aesthetics, and Complexity as a Function of The Fractal Dimension of
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3,PP279-289.

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_________________________________________________________________________________

Evaluation of the inclusion of Nanotechnology concepts in the Science Content of

Secondary School Curriculum
Afnan M. Hafez, Barah B. Khaja, Aljawhra M. Al-Otaibi & Shahira A. Al-Quraishi
Taibah University
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to assess the inclusion of the concept of nanotechnology in the content of the Science
curriculum of the advanced classes in the secondary school. The study is trying to answer the following questions: 1. What are the
appropriate concepts of nanotechnology that should be included in the science curriculum of the secondary school in Saudi Arabia? 2. To
what extent is the inclusion of the concepts of nanotechnology in science curriculum in secondary school? To answer the study questions, the
researchers have set the theoretical framework and a systematic method has been adopted accordingly. The curriculum of biology for first,
second and third year in the secondary school was selected. In the research card of content analysis has been adopted. The card consisted of
forty five nanotechnology concepts that classified under the following three areas: general nanotechnology concepts, industry
nanotechnology concepts, and medical nanotechnology concepts . The results revealed that some of the concepts of nanotechnology in the
biology book for the first year secondary school were in the public domain which constitutes 28.6%, this was followed by the industrial
concepts 17.7%, and nanotechnology for medical concepts 0% respectively. Some of the concepts of nanotechnology in the biology books
for the second grade were found in the public domain at 4.4%, and then the medical field at 6.6%. The industrial area did not show any
concepts of nanotechnology. For the Science book of the third grade, some of the concepts of nanotechnology were present in the public
domain at 26.6%, and then the industrial domain at 20%, while in the medical domain the concepts emerged at 37.7%. In the light of these
results, the researchers made the following recommendations* :The Ministry of Education should take further steps toward possibilities of
nanotechnology concepts that can be developed in the higher stage classes. * They should draw a well-designed plan for the Science
curriculum, and then develop them in Saudi Arabia. They should imply the requirements of nanotechnology concepts inside that curriculum
and this can be accomplished by concentrating on the aspects which can realize the nanotechnology con.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, evaluation, science curriculum.

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Laherto, A. (2010):" Interdisciplinary aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology for informal education". In M.F. Taar &
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_________________________________________________________________________________

Math Teacher Preparation by Makkah Educational Department

in the Forty Secondary School
Ekram Bakr Saeed Saeed
Makkah Educational Department
Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the level of self-regulated learning components among secondary science section in Math,
and the relationship between organized learning strategies, self math achievement, and whether these components differ according to the
student's class, and academic achievement. A questionnaire consisted of 257 students from the high school in Makkah was used. The results
showed that the degree of the strategies were very good, and that there is correlation is positive statistically significant between organized
learning strategies, self math and academic achievement. Finally, The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant
differences due to the difference of the independent study variable gender and class level. A set of recommendations was provided above.
Keywords: self-organized learning, math, academic achievement, high school

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Bergin. S, Reilly. R, & Traynor. D. (2005). Examining the role of Self- Regulated Learning on Introductory
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at the 4th International Correction Education Association Annual Conference. July 12.Chicago.
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The Use of E- Learning tools for Teaching Science in Saudi Universities

Dr. Eman Mohammad Alrwaythi
Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic University
Abstract: The use of technology in teaching science has become necessary given the unprecedented technological and knowledge
achievements in this century. Science and technology form an effective twosome for the advancement of societies. Such importance has led
to the necessity to use technology in teaching to be suitable for the new generation of learners in the electronic age, therefore rise the
importance of the use of e-learning tools in teaching. The goal of this study is to examine the extent of how faculties in the colleges of
sciences use e-learning tools in their teaching, and to discover if there are variations in the use of these tools according to the studys
independent variables. The study will also identify the challenges facing faculties to use e-learning tools. Surveying a sample of 260 faculties
in the field of natural sciences in Saudi universities, findings indicated that the total average of use of e-learning tools by faculties was (1.63)
which represent the not using response range. Based on e-tools categories, however, the use sometimes was evidence in the personal and
workplace use. Findings also indicated a variation with statistical significance on the correlations between the independent variables (sex,
age and training) and the use of e-learning tools by faculties. Finally, the study showed the existing of challenges facing faculties to use e
learning in teaching with an average of (3.45) hence, the study recommended that faculties should be developed and trained to use e-learning
tools in teaching.
Keywords: E- learning, science, technology, science teaching

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fractions addition skills of the fifth grade primary school pupils in Jeddah
Iman Abdullah Hussein Asiri*, Wafa Mustafa kafafy**
Yanbu Educational Department*, King Abdel Aziz University**
Abstract: The current study seeks to identify the effectiveness of a feedback based educational program in development of common
fraction addition skills in female fifth graders of Jeddah governorate. The researcher counted upon the quasi experimental approach. The
research sample consisted of fifty female pupils from Modern education House school who fell into two groups, one experimental group and
one control group where the experimental group was taught using the traditional teaching method with giving a feedback; while the control
one was taught using the feedback based educational program. As for data gathering, the researcher prepared a pre and post achievement test
on both groups to check competence. The research concluded that there are statistically significant differences amongst the mean scores of
experimental and control groups in post application of the achievement test at 0, 05 level in favor of the experimental group. Furthermore;
the research concluded that there are statistically significant differences amongst the mean scores of experimental and control groups and the
mastery level was 90% in favor of the mean scores of the experimental group.
Keywords: educational software, feedback, collect fractions skills.

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The effect Teaching Space Geometry by using the Program CABRI3D on Geometrical
Thinking and Spatial Visualization among students in the second grade of secondary
school at al Amana Sana'a.
Bakil Ahmed Abdo Al darawani
King Saud University
Abstrac: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching Space Geometry by using CABRI3D Program on
Geometrical Thinking and Spatial Visualization among students in the second grade of secondary school in al Amana' Sana'a. The unit of
space geometry has been reformed using the program and a teacher's guide has been also prepared. A sample consisted of 89 male students
was selected they were randomly assigned tow groups experimental (44) and control (45),the experimental group was taught by using the
Program CABRI3D, whereas the control group was taught the same content by the usual (dominant) method. At the end of the experiment,
the researcher applied a scale on geometrical thinking which was prepared by researcher, the internal consistency of the scale was (0.71), and
Spatial Visualization scale which was developed by Extrom and et all, is used the internal consistency of it was (0.89). The collected data
was analyzed using (ANOVA) and t-test by the statistical package SPSS V15, the results of the analysis were as follows: 1 - There were
statistically significant differences at the level of ( 0.01) between the two averages of scores of the experimental group students and the
control group students in the scale of Geometrical Thinking and in each factor of the Geometrical Thinking (Visualization, Analysis,
Informal Deduction) in the favor of the experimental group, but there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05)
between the two averages of scores of the experimental group students and the control group students in (Formal Deduction level). 2 - There
were statistically significant differences at the level of ( 0.01) between the two averages of scores of the experimental group students and
the control group students in the scale of Spatial Visualization in favor of the experimental group. And the researcher recommends that the
program is to be used in teaching space geometry, teachers should have a knowledge of using the program and a background of Geometrical
Thinking and Spatial Visualization, and similar studies should be conducted.
Keywords: space geometry, geometrical thinking, spatial visualization

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Battista,M., Wheatly,T. & Talsma,G.(1982).The importance of Spatial Visualization and cognitive development for geometry
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_________________________________________________________________________________

The reality of employing electronic technologies in female mathematics teacher

Education Program in Saudi universities
Taghrid Enad Al-Enaizi
King Khalid University
Abstract: The study aimed to identify the reality of employing electronic technologies by the academic staff in female mathematics
teacher Education Program at King Khalid University and obstacles that inhibit the optimal use of these technologies in university education.
Descriptive approach (survey) was used, and the sample of the study consisted of all population of the study who were the academic staff and
equivalents in male and female parts in the divisions concerned with female mathematics teacher Education Program at King Khalid
University. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was prepared to measure reality and obstacles of employing of electronic
technologies by the academic staff in female mathematics teacher Education Program in university education. After collecting and analyzing
the data results showed that the reality of employing electronic technologies by the academic staff in university education is totally medium,
the reality of employing (e-learning management systems, internet technologies, and mobile learning technologies) was within the scope of
(high, low, and medium) respectively, while obstacles of employing electronic technologies in university education came within the high
range of the obstacle presence. Also, the results of the study showed that there is no influence for other personal variables on the reality of
employing electronic technologies by the academic staff in university education. Findings of the study results a set of recommendations
which are: 1. Continuation in the development of mathematics teacher Education Program, and raising awareness level among the academic
staff about the importance of employing electronic technologies in university education. 2. Holding periodic intensive training courses and
programs for the academic staff about how to employ electronic technologies in university education.
Keywords: Electronic technologies, Mathematics teacher Education.

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Efficience of Using The Social Network facebook in Achieving the Sciences and
Trending Towards the knowledge Society at The Female Students of Intermediate Third
Grade in Medinah
Dr. Jawaher Dhaher M. ALenazi
Taibah University
Abstract: The study aimed at knowing the efficiency of using the social networks in achievement and trending towards the knowledge
society. The problem has been in the question: what is the efficiency of using the social networks in achievement and trending towards the
knowledge society at the female students of Average Third Grade? By using the Quasi-Experimental Approach, the study has been applied to
random sample consisting of (63) female students; (32) for experimental group and (31) for control group. The tools: T test and measurement
for trending towards the knowledge society. The results: -There are differences of statistical significance between the average marks of the
experimental group and the control group in the dimensional achievement for the achievement test for the experimental group. - There are
differences of statistical significance between the average marks of the experimental group and the control group in the dimensional
measurement for the trend towards the knowledge society with its three axes for the experimental group. - There is a statistical significant
between the achievement and trend towards the knowledge society in the dimensional application. The recommend: - Facebook should be
used in teaching all subjects and the groups' service rendered by Facebook should be utilized in establishing competent and professional
groups.
Keywords: Facebook, Achievement, Attitude, Knowledge Society.

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The effect of educational program based on the Electronic Performance Support

Systems (EPSS) on the development of academic achievement of mathematics subject
and the attitudes of first grade intermediate students towards it, in Riyadh city
Khalid ibn Umar Qaid-Otaibi
Directorate of Education in Riyadh
Abstract: Use the experimental method , where the study was applied on the total sample size (60 students) from the first grade average
were divided into two groups: experimental studied using electronic unit scheduled performance support systems and other officer studied
the same unit in the traditional manner. And applied to the study sample achievement test and measure the trend towards the use of electronic
performance in the teaching of mathematics support systems , have been applied study tools tribal and Uday on the sample. It was one of the
most important results: the presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group and control
group students in grades post test at levels (remember - understanding - application). The main recommendations: the need for a clear vision
and specific in the use of performance -mail to support e-learning in teaching support systems.
Keywords: educational program, Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS), academic achievement, mathematics, attitudes.

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The Effectiveness of teaching science using the six thinking hats in achievement and
development of critical thinking of the first grade intermediate female students
Sahar Yahya Ali Mousa
King Khalid University
Abstract: This research aimed at identifying the effectiveness of teaching science using the Six Thinking Hats in achievement and
development of critical thinking of the first year intermediate female students, To achieve this goal, The descriptive-analytical and the
experimental approach were utilized in this research. The pretest-posttest control group design was also adopted, The researcher prepared
two science test (achievement and critical thinking) for randomly sample ,which consisted of (100) first year intermediate female students at
Asir. The results of the study revealed that there were statistically significant differences at level 0.01 between mean scores of the
experimental and the control group subjects favoring the experimental group in the post-test of the achievement and critical thinking tests in
science. In light of the research results, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions.
Keywords: Six Thinking Hats Achievement - Critical thinking

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link.com/journal- article. Htm.
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P.&
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e t h i c a l d i l e m m a s i n p h a r m a c y, A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f P h a r m a c e u t i c a l E d u c a t i o n , 68(2),
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Ridsdale, M. ; Iman, C. (2003). What hat are you wearing? encouraging in EAP courses. Paper presented at the conference
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_________________________________________________________________________________

The effect of using Mathletics in development of the mathematical representation among

middle stage female students
Suad M. Al-Ahmadi*, Iman A. Al-Moudjahid** & Kamilah A. Al-Amari***
Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University*,
King Abdullah bin AbdulAziz Public Education Development Project**,
Ministry of Education***
Abstract: This research aimed to identify the effect of using Mathletics in development of the mathematical representation skills among
middle school students. To achieve this goal, quasi-experimental methodology was used to examine the effect of using (blended learning) on
mathematical representation skills. Research sample consisted of (80) students were selected intentionally from two classes at one school,
and then were divided into two groups : experimental group consisted of 40 students, a group that the teacher activated Mathletics site during
teaching Mathematics course on the first semester, and a control group consisted of 40 students who has studied by traditional method. A test
was used to measure the level of mathematical representation skills among students, which was applied before and after the first semester.
Data were analyzed using T-test and Eta Square test. The research results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean
scores of the experimental and control groups in the post test in all mathematical representation skills in favor of the experimental group. Eta
square values indicated medium and large size effects of using Mathletics on developing mathematical representation skills among students
of experimental group in the post test. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in the
pre and posttest in all mathematical representation skills in favor posttest. The research recommended inductively to use of the Mathletics in
developing mathematical representation skills.
Keywords: Mathletics, mathematical representation, blended learning.

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National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM.

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Obstacles of Practicing Scientific Inquiry in the Teaching of Science from Science

Teachers Point of View at the Secondary Schools
Saeed.H. M. Al Mohy
King Saud University
Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify the obstacles of practicing scientific inquiry in science teaching and sort them by their
impact in view of science teachers in secondary schools. The study aims also to reveal the influence of specialization, teaching load, and
experience of the teachers on their response about the obstacles. We used a questionnaire (after checking its validity and reliability) made of
29 items; each item consists of five points that the teachers can answer according to a five-level scale. The main obstacles of practicing
scientific inquiry that identified by our study are teacher habit of using conventional teaching methods, student weak ability to ask inquirybased questions, student less experience in data collection and analysis, the density of course material, teaching load, the large number of
students in classrooms, laboratory technicians being less qualified, and the time required for practicing inquiry is longer than class time. The
results reveal insignificant statistical differences between the responses of the participants about the obstacles in spite of having different
specializations (physics, chemistry, and biology, and geology). The teachers with 10 to 15 years of experience were more aware of the
obstacles of teaching science by inquiry whereas those having five or less years of experience with lower teaching loads were less aware of
the obstacles. The study recommends the demand of finding appropriate solutions to solve the problem of having large number of students in
classrooms and large number of classes per teacher. In addition, science teachers and laboratory technicians need to be provided with
adequate training to practice teaching by inquiry and understand their role in the process. Finally, it is necessary to review qualifying and
training programs for the teachers to keep up with the change in science teaching locally and globally.
Keywords: inquiry, inquiry-based teachings obstacles, teaching science obstacles, science teachers at the secondary level.

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Lederman, Norman. Judith. (2012). Nature of Scientic Knowledge and Scientic Inquiry: Building Instructional Capacity
Through Professional Development. In, Handbook of research on science education (pp. 335359). Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McNeil, J, (2006). Contemporary Curriculum in Thought and Action. New York:Wiley.
National Research Council (NRC). (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy
Press.
National Research Council (NRC). (2000). Inquiry and the national science education standards. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press.
Suchman, J.R., 1962. The Elementary School Training Program in Scientific Inquiry, 1st Edn., University of Illinois,
Chicago.

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The Degree of Science Teacher's Knowledge and implementation of Effective Reading

Methods that within 7th Grade Science Textbook
Saleh Abdullah Alabdulkareem*, & Norah Abdalrhman Albahoth**
King Saud University*, Ministry of Education**
Abstract: The current research aims to identify the degree of female science teachers' knowledge and application of reading effective
methods in the science book for intermediate first grade. The research applied analyzing descriptive method; researchers have drafted a
questionnaire in order to identify teachers knowledge degree of reading effective methods (paging reading examination reading studying
reading), and to identify the degree of teachers application of the method. To examine responses of research sample, researchers adopt
applying a part of the original questionnaire as an observation tool. After ensuring the tool validity and reliability, researcher applied it,
followed by the data analysis that was obtained by using the following statistical methods: Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequencies, and
Percentages. The research sample contained five feminine teachers to apply the observation tool, and the questionnaire was given to 60
feminine teachers who been chosen randomly. The researcher concluded the following results: 1. The knowledge degree of teachers for
effective reading methods according to their response to the research tool (questionnaire) came with high degree with average of (2.5). 2.
There is clear difference between the responses of teachers toward the application reality as it was observed in the selected research sample,
this is due to the following reasons: 1. The weakness of teachers' awareness and recognition for the importance of using reading in science
teaching. 2. The weakness of teachers' knowledge for the right ways to apply the effective reading methods during science teaching. In the
light of research results, the researcher presents several recommendations including: 1. Holding courses for science teachers to educate them
to the effective reading various methods, and how to make it in sync with science lessons. 2. Introducing guidance manual proposal
containing the effective reading methods, activities and applications in the science book which may be guided by it. This manual shall be
prepared by the authority of science curriculums represented in the ministry of education and Obeikan educational center.
Keywords: Effective Reading.

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Herr, N. (2008).The Source Book for Teaching Science. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Teacher.
Shymansky, J.; Yore, L & Good, R. (1991). Elementary, school teachers, beliefs about and perception of elementary school
science reading science textbooks, and supportive instructional facto Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28, pp
437-454.

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_________________________________________________________________________________

Science Teachers' Believes in Oman towards Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) Direction and its Relation to some Variables
Abdullah K. Ombosaidy*, Amal M. Al-Harthy**, & Ahlam A. Al-Shahimih**
Sultan Qaboos University*, The Ministry of Education in Oman**
Abstract: The study aims to explore the effect of science teachers' believes in the Sultanate of Oman towards Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics Education (STEM) and its relation to some variables. The sample of the study consisted of (139) teachers
selected randomly from three educational governorates in Oman. These teachers teach science in grades (1-10). To answer the questions of
the study, the researchers develop a scale of teachers believes towards STEM. The scale was divided into two domains which are knowledge
about STEM and teaching requirements using STEM. The validity of the scale was examined by a panel of judges. Its reliability was
examined by Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the coefficient was (0.96). The results of the study indicated that science teachers
have high believes towards STEM. The results also indicated that there was no statistically significant differences at ( = 0.05) on the science
teachers believes towards STEM attributed to teachers' genders or teaching experience. In the light of the above results, the study
recommends Enrolling science teachers in training courses and workshops to educate them about STEM and how to employ it in teaching. It
also recommends conducting descriptive and quasi- experimental studies to better understand STEM and its relation to other teachinglearning variables.
Keywords: Beliefs, STEM

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Aguirre, J., & Speer, N. (1999). Examining the relationship between beliefs and goals in teacher practice, Journal of
Mathematical Behavior, 18(3): 327-356
Briney, L & Hill, J (2013). Building STEM education with multinationals. Paper presented at the International conference on
transnational collaboration in STEAM education. Sarawak, Malaysia
Bybee, R. W. (2013). Case for STEM Education: Challenges and Opportunities. Arlington, VA, USA: National Science

PQ1436 #STEM" :IJ 

  C D E F GH

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Teachers Association.
Cantrell, P., & Ewing-Taylor, J. (2009). Exploring STEM career options through collaborative high school seminars. Journal
of Engineering Education, 98 (3), 295-303
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344-350.
Ford, M. (1994). Teacher beliefs about mathematical problem solving in the elementary school. School Science and
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Gerlach, J. (2012). Elementary design challenges. In E. Brunsell (Ed.), Integrating engineering + science in your classroom
(pp. 43-45).VA: NSTA press
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STEM dots: measuring the effect of an integrated engineering design intervention. International Journal of
Technology and Design Education, 24(1), 107-120. doi: 10.1007/s10798-013-9241-0
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learning strategies into biology classroom. Paper presented at the International conference on transnational
collaboration in STEAM education, Sarawak, Malaysia.
http://ojs.lboro.ac.uk/ojs/index.php/DATE/article/view/1591/1515
Nadelson, L. S., Callahan, J., Pyke, P., Hay, A., Dance, M., & Pfiester, J. (2013). Teacher STEM Perception and Preparation:
Inquiry-Based STEM Professional Development for Elementary Teachers. Journal of Educational Research, 106(2),
157-168. doi: 10.1080/00220671.2012.667014
National Governors Association (2009). Building a science, technology engineering, and math agenda USA. Retrieved on 27
October, 2013 From. http://www.nga.org/files/live/sites/NGA/files/pdf/0702INNOVATIONSTEM.PDF
Pajares. M. (1992). Teacher beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct. Review of Educational
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Stohlmann, M., Moore, T. J., McClelland, J., & Roehrig, G. H. (2011). Impressions of a middle grades STEM integration
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on transnational collaboration in STEAM education, Sarawak, Malaysia.

***

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_________________________________________________________________________________

"The Effectiveness of A Suggested Training Programs Based on Accelerated Learning

for Mathematics Teachers in The Sixth Elementary Grade on Developing the Big Six
Skills of Solving Information Problems of their Students in Riyadh City"
Abdullah Dhaifallah AL-Shdaied
Ministry of Education
Abstract: The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of a suggested training program based on accelerated learning for
mathematics teachers in the sixth elementary grade on developing the big six skills for solving information problems of their students. In
order to achieve the research goals, the researcher used the semi-experimental approach. Also, the researcher prepared two observation cards
as tools to identify the degree to which each of the elementary Math teachers and the 6th grade students practice the big six skills. The two
research tools were applied after the verification of their validity and reliability was made. The pre- and post treatment were done on a
sample of Math teachers in the 6th grade whose number is (6) teachers and on (158) students in the 6th grade who belong to six schools
randomly selected from six different education departments in Riyadh city. The research design was based one-group design and the
experiment took five weeks. The findings showed that there is a clear effectiveness of the training program on developing the big solving
skills of solving information skills for the participating teachers and students. This indicates a statistically significant improvement in the
performance of teachers and students clearly in the post-treatment directly due to the exposure to the independent variable which is the
accelerated learning compared with the pre- application.
Keywords: Effectiveness, a training program, accelerated learning, the big six skills to solve information problems.

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Adam, Iscan (2011). Turkish teaching Yabavcilara Suggestopedia (Desuggestopedia) usage. Turkish Studies International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 6/1, p. 1281-1286.
Baenen., N , Lindblad , M &Yaman, K.(2002).Can extended Learning opportunities imporove student Achievement?
Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research association New.
Fuller, J.L.(2001). An Integrated Hands-on Inquiry Based cooperative Learning Approach The Impact of the PLAMS
approach on Student Growth. Paper presented the Annual meeting of the American Education Research
Association (Seattle,WA,April 10-14,2001).
Govender, Jagatheesan Saxon(2003). The Accelerated Learning Program study. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of
Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Educational Psychology i n Special Education Edmonton, Alberta.
Lorna Minewiser,(2000).Accessing The "Reserve Capacities": Suggestopedia, The Brain, And Mind-Body Learning.
Journal of Accelerated Learning.Volume 25, Issue 1&2 , p 7 -34 ,lssue1.
Pienaar, Hester Catharina.(2008). Application Of Accelerated Learning Techniques With Particular Reference To
Multiple Intelligences. Submitted in the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master Of Education in the
subject Didactics at the. University Of South Africa.
Purba, Heri Junawan.(2012). The effectiveness of speed-reading skill and mental map in the results of the learning
outcomes in substance biology among students in the eleventh grade secondary. University Negeri Medan
Unpublished Master Thesis of Philosophy.
Rose, Colin & Nicholl, Malcolm J.(2011) .Accelerated Learning for 21 ST Century2 .thEd New York: Dell publishing.

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Using "YouTube" as an Informal Setting of Out-Of-School Science Learning:

Perceptions of Students in the Final Year of High School
Mohammed A. Aljallal
Ministry Of Education
Abstract: The objective of this research is to identify the point of view of students, who are at the third year of high school in Abqaiq, to
use "YouTube" as a source of learning natural sciences out of school. The research sample included (111) students, who are in the third year
of high school, and that is representing all the students, who are specialty of natural sciences at the third year of high schools in Abqaiq,
during the first semester of the year 2014. To answer the research questions, the researcher developed a survey to get the samples opinions.
The results of the research shows that there is a high number of the sample using "YouTube" for learning sciences out of school; where the
research sample uses displayed videos on "YouTube" in science learning with suitable ways for them and grabbing their attention, and
facilitate getting the information that they need it out of school, or to obtain information about the latest scientific discoveries. Also, the
results shows that the use of "YouTube" is less in making scientific clips by students, or communicate with others through comments which
contain additional information, or questions and educational discussions. At the end of the research, the researcher presented
recommendations to activate the use of "YouTube" in science education; and employ it in achieving educational goals.
Keywords: YouTube - Science Education Informal learning.

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teachers through collaborative design. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(4), 547-564.
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_________________________________________________________________________________

Parents' Attitudes toward School Mathematics and its relationship to some demographic
variables: A Field study in Riyadh
Dr. Misfer AlSalouli
King Saud University
Abstract: The purpose of this study was an attempt to understand the attitudes of a sample of community members represented by the
parents (fathers and mothers) toward school mathematics and its role in promoting their children attitudes towards mathematics. A
questionnaire prepared to measure the attitudes of the parents. The survey was distributed to a sample of 415 participants from parents in the
City of Riyadh. In general, the parents attitudes were neutral, it was between the positive and the negative attitudes, and the mean was
M=3.35, SD=0.69. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between fathers and mothers in their attitudes.
While the differences were statistically significant found due to the qualification variable, which the positive attitudes associated with high
degree, as well as the type of work that the parents hold. The private sector was more positive attitudes than those who work in the public
sector. Furthermore, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between parents who assessed themselves high
ability in mathematics in contrast of those who assessed themselves as week in mathematics.
KeyWords: Fathers, Mothers, Children, Attitude, Mathematics.

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Differentiated Instruction Strategy According to the 4Mat Model and the Conceptual
Understanding Development of Eleven Grade Biology Students
Nidhal Shaban Alahmad*, & Amal Yahia ALjuhaimi**
King Saud University*, Ministry of Education**
Abstract: According to the form of developing the conceptual comprehension to high school students in Riyadh, the current study aims
to recognize the effectiveness of differentiated instruction strategy. The quasi-experimental design is used to accomplish this achievement.
The study sample contains from two groups, control group and experimental group, 25 students each. The researcher set up a conceptual
comprehension test to the level of (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) in order to measure the pre and post performance to both groups.
When the validity and reliability of the tool has been confirmed, the tool was applied to the research groups to make sure that both of them
are equivalent. Also, the experimental group taught by using the differentiated instruction strategy while the other group taught by using the
traditional way of teaching. After the teaching was done, the tools were applied and the data was collected and processed statically. The
study comes up with some important results such as: There is a statistic difference between the average of the experimental group students
marks and the average of the control group students marks that learn through the traditional method in the conceptual comprehension post
test at the level of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation and the statistic test in general. The study provided number of recommendations:
* It has been noticed that the students are welling to develop their conceptual comprehension, so it is recommended to use differentiated
instruction in learning Biology and science subjects in general to increase the fun and the value of the learning. * The right functioning in
using the differentiated instruction strategies that its effect is clarified through presenting selected unit subjects. This is because all developed
curriculums contain from varieties of verbal, athletic and kinesthetic activities that fit in implementing this kind of learning.
Keywords: Differentiated Instruction Strategy, 4Mat Model, Conceptual Understanding, Biology Teaching, High schools' students

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Patricia, Shane, B. (1987). The effect of the 4mat system on achievement and attitude in science, PhD Dissertation, Univ.
Nor. Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Perkins, N (1993).Teaching for Understanding. Retrieved from http://www.Exploratorium.
Tartar E. and Dikici R. (2009). The effect of the 4MAT method (Learning styles and brain hemispheres) of instruction
on achievement in Mathematics. I J Math Edu. Sci. Tech. 40(8): 1027-1036.

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A Comparison between the Third Grade Science Textbook and the Macmillan McGrawHill Sciencein Terms of Science Processes
Nidhal Shaban Alahmad*, & Nada Abdullah Alghanem*
King Saud University*
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the integral and basic science processes included in the science textbook of
McGraw-Hill products for third grade primary education, and to measure the level of the integration into Arabicized version products
developing project of mathematics and natural sciences. The sample of this study consisted of all science processes included in these
textbooks, which are 12 processes. The researchers used an analytical and descriptive approach by using content analysis method; therefore,
she made an analytical card, and used it after making sure of its validity and reliability. The results showed that basic science processes
included explicitly or implicitly in the science textbook for third grade primary education are observing, measurement, classification,
prediction, using numbers, and communication. On the other hand, the integral science processes are making and testing hypotheses, dealing
with varieties, conclusion, data interpretation, sampling, and experimentation. The analysis results showed that the availability level of basic
science processes of Arabicized textbook was medium, observing and measurement processes was high while availability level of other
processes classification, predication, using numbers, and communication was medium. They also showed that availability level of integral
science processes was medium, data interpretation and conclusion processes was high, experimentation and sampling processes was medium,
dealing with varieties was low, and finally making and testing hypotheses was very low. According to the results of the study, a number of
recommendations were made.
Keywords: Science processes, Science textbook, Third grade, Macmillan McGraw-Hill.

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The effect of an induction program of Saudi Science Scholars on the attitudes of the first
grade secondary school students towards science
Nidhal Alahmad*, & Nourah ALodaidan**
King Saud University*, Ministry of Education**
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to identify the impact of Saudi female scientests on the field of science and their
influence on the attitude of the students' scientific future. To achieve the goal of this study, the study used survey to Measure pre- and postModel activities of science and scientific work as well. The treatmen yielded statistical significance differences between the pre and post
responses, for the benefit of post responses. It indicated that the role model activities had impact on student perceptions and choices, and
raised questions that require further investigation.
Keywords: an induction program, Saudi Science Scholars, attitudes towards science.

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Experiment. RSC, Claire McLoughlin.
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The reality of mathematics teachers practices in intermediate school for oral and
reading communication skills mathematical
Noha Abdullah Alnahed, and Dr. Mohammed Abdullah Alnatheer
Ministry of Education*, King Saud University**
Abstract: Mathematical communicating skills are considered one of the most important processes that many Math education
organizations recommend, such as The National Council of teachers of mathematics. the researchers decided to do this research, which
aimed to recognize the reality of mathematics teachers practices in intermediate school for oral and reading communication skills
mathematical. To attain this target, the researchers used the descriptive analytical approach. The sample consisted of (50) middle school
teachers in Riyadh government schools in the school year of 1433-1434. A teacher performance observation card was used. The results
showed that the teachers rarely used teaching practices that developed the students mathematical communicating skills(Oral and
reading).The research concluded by giving some recommendations such as the need to focus on teacher training programs, especially in the
field of mathematical communicating skills.
Keywords: Teaching practices- skills of mathematical communication- Mathematical teachers.

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Usiskin, Z.(1996): Mathematics As A Language.In Elliott, P.& Kenney, M., Communication in Mathematics K-12 and
Beyond, Reston Va: NCTM.
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Visual Arts Teaching Can Promote Disciplined Habits of Mind' Amityville, New York. Baywood Publishing
Company.

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_________________________________________________________________________________

The Reality of Saudi Arabian Experience in STEM Education In Light of the

International Experiences
Hind Mubarak Aldosari
STEM administration expert at Tatweer Company for
Educational Services
Abstract: The research aims to explore the experience of Saudi Arabia in STEM education in light of the international STEM
experiences; Enrichment from the international STEM experiences will help in developing and drawing policies for STEM based education
in the Saudi educational system and its cultural relevance. The researcher used the comparative descriptive analytical method and has utilized
SWOT analysis for STEM education based on the International experiences and the reality of mathematics and science education in Saudi
Arabia and its emerging experience in STEM education. She analyzed the gap between the existing reality in Saudi Arabia and the
international experiences. The study found medium to high gaps related to educational legislations, policies and national strategies of STEM
education, lack of formal national STEM education, The weakness of evaluation of students performance e and comprehension in math and
science -whether on an international, or national, or class level evaluation, and the lack of professional developmental programs of STEM
education. and to upgrade of STEM education in Saudi using the following recommendations: (a) establishing a national strategy for STEM
education governance and its regulatory policies, (b) Establishing standards for STEM education in schools and the programs utilizing
STEM education, (c) Provision of an adequate budget for STEM education, (d) Establishing dedicated schools for STEM education, (e)
Making use of the Scientific Centers experience and generalize it to all regions in Saudi Arabia, (f) Making use of the collaboration with the
higher education, (g) Developing the higher education paths for STEM education.
Keywords: STEM education, International Experiences in STEM Education, Saudi Arabian Experience in STEM Education.

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Chichester
Anthony, Tomei, Emily Dawson, Justin Dillon (2013). A study of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
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and an Agenda for Research. Committee on Integrated STEM Education; National Academy of Engineering;
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http://www.chitech.org
http://www.dsms.org/Pages/Home.aspx
http://www.semagnetschool.org
http://www.stuy.edu
International Technology Education Association (ITEA/ITEEA). (2000/ 2002/ 2007). Standards for technological literacy:
Content for the study of technology. Reston, VA: Author.
Jeffrey Weld (2013). Iowa Governors STEM Advisory Council. PhD. University of Northern Iowa

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Koppes, Steve (2015). Study identifies common elements of STEM schools,
http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2015/01/27/study-identifies-common-elements-stem-schools, (28/2/2015).
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Emeritus Professor of Technology Education, Virginia Tech. P55.
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Emeritus Professor of Technology Education, Virginia Tech. P55.

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_________________________________________________________________________________

The effectiveness of some authentic evaluation methods in the development of numerical

sense skills of the female intermediate students
Haya Mohammed Al Omrani
The National Curriculum Program manager at PEEC
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed authentic assessment stayls on the development of middle
school students' number sense skills. In order to accomplish the study's objectives, the researcher used the Quiz-experimental design for
independent groups to know the impact of the authentic assessment stayls, on the two dependent variables: skills of number sense in
intermediate school mathematics. The sample of the study consisted of (118) students from the (101) Intermediate School in the 2nd
Intermediate year. The students randomly distributed into two groups; an experimental group of (58) students and a control group of (60)
students. The researcher applied the proposed the authentic assessment stayls during the first semester of the year 2012 while students
studying the units of Algebra and Relative numbers, Real numbers, and the theory of Pythagoras. The program included methods and tools of
authentic assessment: portfolio, open-ended tasks, computerized tests, self-evaluation, peer evaluation, and the performance craiteria
(checklists, and rubrics). The control group was not subjected to this program and studied those two units in the traditional way. The program
was for (40) sessions over period, then post-test was performed and the results showed the followings: The effectiveness of the proposed
program in the development of number sense for the students in the intermediate stage. This led to the rejection of null hypothesis, and the
acceptance of alternative hypothesis which states that "no statistical significant difference (a0.05) between the students' average grades in
the experimental and the control groups in the post- number sense test in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results of this study,
it is recommended to: Take an advantage of the proposed program in the development of mathematics education, at the level of students,
teachers, and stakeholders (decision-makers); Introduce authentic assessment in the education and evaluation of mathematics, Encourage
teachers and students to use these methods and participate in the evaluation of their performance; Train them on how to activate the method
in mathematics education, in addition to increase their interest in the development of a number sense among students at all levels of
education; Conduct similar studies in various stages of education.
Keywords: numerical sense skills, authentic evaluation methods, computerized tests, open-ended tasks, portfolio, self-evaluation, peer evaluation

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Berch, Daniel B.(2005): Making Sense of Number Sense: Implications for Children With Mathematical Disabilities, Journal
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_________________________________________________________________________________

The activation of both brain hemispheres via the use of the electronic mind maps
in the teaching of science
(Theoretical view)
Wadha Habab Al-Otaibi
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
Abstract: The present paper discusses the subject of activating both brain hemispheres in the teaching of the subject of science using
electronic mind maps. The past few years have witnessed an enormous development in brain research. As a result, there has become a
scientific revolution in the information related to the operations of the human mind. Hence it has demanded that education implements this
scientific revolution in developing the educational process in all its aspects. Mind Maps are considered a type of mental processing
comprising of a series of psychological information which can be acquired, coded, stored and recalled according to the situations apparently
relevant to our daily lives. They can also be used as diagrams to represent words, ideas, tasks, and other elements of connection and
organization. In addition, they are used to generate and view structures; categories ideas; and facilitate studying, reading, organizing,
problem solving, decision making and are also used in the development of visual thinking, as well. The paper recommends the following: 1.
Implementing teaching strategies that aid in activating both hemispheres in the teaching of Science. 2. Training the teachers of Science
before and after the experience of using electronic mind maps in their teaching. 3. Encouraging Science curricular developers to include
educational activities and questions in the content of the subject of science to encourage developing the activation of both hemispheres in the
brain.
Keywords: brain hemispheres, electronic mind maps, science teaching.

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Dimopoulos, Kostas & Koulaidis, Vasilis (2003). Science and Technology Education for Citizenship :The Potential Role
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