Bottom-up

Definition

Happens when someone tries to

understand language by looking at
individual meanings or grammatical
characteristics of the most basic units
of the text and moves from these to
trying to understand the whole text.

Activities

1) Collocations - give students a list

of words and ask them to find the
collocations
2) Word meaning - look at the
highlighted words and work out
their meaning from the words
around it.
3) Read aloud - give students a
short text to read aloud.