Circulatory System

Parts of the circulatory

system
1. The heart
2. Blood vessels
3. The blood

What is the circulatory system?

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting

nutrients, water and oxygen to all of your cells in the
body and carries away waste such as carbon dioxide that
cells produce.

The Heart has the job of pumping these things

around the body.

The Heart pumps blood and substances around the

body in tubes called blood vessels.

The Heart, blood vessels and blood together make up

the Circulatory System.

How does this system work?

Deoxygenated
Pulmonary
blood is
artery
pumped from
the heart to
the lungs
Vena cava
The oxygen
leaves the
blood to be
used for
respiration in
the body and
the blood
goes back to
the heart

lungs

Pulmonary
vein
Aorta

Right

The blood
receives
oxygen and is
pumped back
to the heart

Left
liver

digestive system
kidneys
rest of body

Circulatory System

The
oxygenated
blood is then
pumped to
the rest of the
body

How does this system work?

lungs

Pulmonary
artery

Pulmonary
vein
Aorta

Vena cava

Heart
liver
digestive system
kidneys
rest of body

Circulatory System

Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.

This means it has two parts.
Lungs

the right side of

the left side of

the system

the system

deals with

deals with
oxygenated

deoxygenated

blood.

blood.

Body cells

The Heart
This is a vein. It brings
blood from the body, to
the heart.

These are arteries.

They carry blood
away from the heart
to the body.

2 atria
2 ventricles

Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

The Heart
Pulmonary
Artery
Vena Cava
(main vein)

Aorta (main artery)

Pulmonary
Vein

Right
Atrium

Left
Atrium

valve

valve

Right
Ventricle

Left
Ventricle
Septum

Parts of the heart and their function

Vena cava The main vain that brings deoxygenated
blood from the body to the right side of the heart.
Pulmonary artery - Carries deoxygenated blood from
the right side of the heart to the lungs .
Pulmonary vein Carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the left side of the heart.
Aorta The main artery that carries oxygenated
blood from the left side of the heart to the body.

Parts of the heart and their functions

Atrium - The chambers of the heart where the
blood enters when it returns from the body or lungs.
Ventricle The chambers of the heart that contract
and pump blood away from the heart.
Septum A muscular wall that separates the two
sides of the heart.
Valve Prevent the blood from flowing backwards.

How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE
blood
from the
body
enters
from the
vena cava

blood from the

lungs enters
from the
pulmonary
vein

The heart beat begins when the

heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.

How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

The atria then contract and

the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.

How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE

The valves close to stop blood

flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart through the
pulmonary artery and the Aorta.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.

The cycle then repeats itself.

blood from the heart gets around

the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels

1.

ARTERY

2.

VEIN

3.

CAPILLARY

The ARTERY

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure.

All arteries carry oxygenated blood, except the pulmonary

artery

The ARTERY
the elastic fibres allow
the artery to stretch
under pressure

Narrow lumen
the thick muscle
can contract to
push the blood
along.

thick muscle and

elastic fibres

The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart at low pressure.

All veins carry deoxygenated blood, except the pulmonary

vein

The VEIN
veins have valves which act
to stop the blood from going
in the wrong direction.

thin muscle and

elastic fibres
Large lumen
body muscles surround the veins so that
when they contract to move the body,
they also squeeze the veins and push the
blood along the vessel.

The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

Capillaries are permeable to fluid, soluble molecules and

white cells

The CAPILLARY
Capillaries have no
muscle tissue, no valves
and are low pressure
(higher than veins).

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick
Capillaries have a large
surface area for exchange
of materials.

The exchange of materials

between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.

A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

Capillaries near
the arteries
have a higher
pressure blood
flow. materials
leave the
capillaries at
this end.

Capillaries near
the veins have
a lower
pressure blood
flow. Waste
materials leave
the capillaries
at this end.

Blood Flows:

Heart Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venule Vein

The Blood
red blood
cell

platelets

white blood cell

plasma

Blood is a tissue that constantly flows through

the human body

Red blood cells

(erythrocytes)

This part of blood functions to

transport oxygen around the
body and remove carbon dioxide
from cells.

a biconcave disc that

is round and flat
without a nucleus

contains haemoglobin, a
molecule specially designed
to hold oxygen and carry it
to cells that need it.

White blood cells

White blood cells form
part of the immune
system. They fight
infections and disease by
destroying pathogens.
phagocytes engulf and
digest foreign pathogens
lymphocytes fight
disease by making
antibodies to destroy
germs.

Platelets
Platelets are irregularly-shaped,
colourless bodies with a sticky
surface

Platelets produce tiny

fibrinogen fibres to
form a net. This net
traps other blood cells
to form a blood clot.

Plasma
Plasma is the straw coloured liquid
part of blood that the cells and
nutrients float in.
The function of plasma
is to transport
nutrients, hormones and
enzymes, as well as
waste such as carbon
dioxide.

SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery
away
are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins
muscular
carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The
towards
capillaries
_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the
plasma
blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect
oxygen
the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
platelets