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ON
SUMMARY OF 80286, 80386, 80486
AND PENTIUM MICROPROCESSOR
SUBMITTED BY:
Er. AMIT MAHAJAN
80286 microprocessor: Basically this
microprocessor is an advanced version of 8086. So before
starting with 80286 we must know something about
8086. Intel 8086 is a 16 bit microprocessor intended to be
used as a CPU in a microcomputer. The term 16 bit
means that its arithmetic logic unit, its internal registers,
its instructions are designed to work with 16 bit binary
words. It has a 20 bit address bus and 16 bit data bus. So
this means that it can address any one of the 1048576
memory locations and it can read data from or write data
to the memory and ports either 16 bit or 8 bit at a time.
Here the word is stored in two consecutive memory
locations. Also one thing to note here is that if the first
byte of the word is stored at even address, the 8086 can
read the entire word in one operation. Alternatively if the
first byte of the word is at odd address, then the 8086 will
read the first byte in one operation and the second byte
in the second operation. 8088 is just similar to 8086 but
the difference between the two is that 8088 has a 8 bit
data bus. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of 8086.
It is also a 16 bit microprocessor but it has a
programmable peripheral devices integrated in the same
package. 80186 instruction set has all the instructions of
8086 but also has certain additional instructions. A
program written in 8086 will execute properly on 80186
but the vice- versa is not true. With this brief introduction
of 8086,8088,80186 let’s explain 80286.
The Intel 80286 was introduced on
February 1, 1982 (also called Intel 286 or iAPX 286)
belongs to the family of 8086, is a high performance 16
bit microprocessor. As explained earlier it is an advanced
version of 8086 but with a different architectural
philosophy. It was widely used in IBM PC compatible
computers during the mid 1980s to early 1990s. Its initial
releases were of 6 and 8 MHZ but they were
subsequently scaled up to 12.5 MHZ (AMD and Harris
later pushed the architecture to speeds as high as 20 and
25 MHz, respectively.) On average, the 80286 had a
speed of about 0.21 Million instructions per clock. The 6
MHZ model operates at 0.9 MIPS, the 10MHZ model at 1.5
MIPS, and the 12 MHZ model at 1.8 MIPS. The 80286’s
performance was more than twice of its predecessors
(the intel 8086 and 8088) per clock cycle. Here the
complex mathematical operations took fewer clock cycles
compared to the 8086.