Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Rosario

College of Teacher Education
Namunga, Rosario, Batangas

DETERMINING THE KNOWLEDGE OF CIT

STUDENTS IN ACQUIRING STUDENT
DRIVERS LICENSE

By:
Dapog, Joan Myle D.
De Tobio Ronna M.
Dimapasok, Ann Kerlyn M.
Javier, Michaella Allyza L.

INTRODUCTION
There are three types of driver's license in the Philippines, Student Permit, NonProfessional Driver's License, and Professional Driver's License. The document not only
legally gives him/her the freedom to drive a car, it also proves that they are mature,
skilled and responsible enough to operate a vehicle even on the busiest of roads. The
minimum age for driving in the Philippines is 16 years old provided that the driver has
a student permit and is accompanied by a person with a valid driver's license. This can be
upgraded to a Non-Professional Driver's License one month after acquiring a "Student
Permit" and 6 months after for a Professional Driver's License. A long symbol of newfound freedom and a quintessential rite of passage, many teens dream of obtaining their
drivers license as soon as they are eligible. License holders guilty of any
violation made against the provisions set by the LTO are subjected to confiscation,
suspension or revocation of their Drivers License depending on the gravity of their
offense.
Getting a drivers license is very important for teenagers as it gives them a sense
of independence. It gives them the freedom to go wherever they want and whenever they
want without having to rely to their parents or someone else to get them there. Also, these
days, cars are seen as fashion accessories and every teenager wants to have a flashy car
that stands out from the rest.
Teenagers crave for independence; a drivers license feeds this desire to be able to
live without relying on an adult guidance. Not having to rely on an adult to drive you to
some place gives a teenager the satisfaction of choosing what to do and when. Rather
than having to fit in with their parents lifestyle they can now catch up with mates on
their own time. No more having to be ready at certain times or not being able to suddenly
change plans because mom or dad can only pick you up at a selected time.
Perhaps young people are too happy at home checking Facebook. In a study of 15
countries, Michael Sivak, a professor at the University of Michigans Transportation
Research Institute (who also contributed to the D.M.V. research), found that when young
people spent more time on the Internet, they delayed getting their drivers licenses. More

time on Facebook probably means less time on the road, he said. That may mean safer
roads, but it also means a bumpier, less vibrant economy.
The good is, though, you can get your chance to drive, and learn the mechanisms behind
driving, which is already something essential in todays fast-paced and globallyintertwined world.
Driving in The Philippines is NOT A RIGHT but a PRIVILEGE.

BACKGROUND

REPUBLIC ACT No. 4136 - AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO

LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC RULES, TO CREATE A LAND
TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
This is also known as the "Land Transportation and Traffic Code.".
The provisions of this Act shall control, as far as they apply, the registration and
operation of motor vehicles and the licensing of owners, dealers, conductors, drivers, and
similar matters.
A Drivers License is an official document authorizing an individual to drive a
motorized vehicle in the Philippines. The Land Transportation Office issues three types
of drivers licenses: student permit, non-professional drivers license, and professional
drivers license.
A Student Permit is the prerequisite document when one applies for a drivers
license. This authorizes the holder to learn and practice driving in the presence of a
licensed driver. A student permit is an official document authorizing a person to operate a
motorized vehicle in the presence of a duly licensed driver.

A Non-Professional Drivers License is an official document authorizing a

person to operate private vehicles in a private capacity, not for the purpose of earning
compensation.
A Professional Drivers License is an official document authorizing a person to
operate a private or public-utility vehicle for the purpose of earning compensation (e.g.,
operating a public utility jeep, or getting a job as a chauffeur).
WHAT IS A DRIVER'S LICENSE HISTORY?
At the turn of the 20th century, driver's licenses were not required, and any family
could strap a self-made engine to their wagon. However, as cars became more common in
the 1920s, the number of drivers increased, which led to an increase in the number of
accidents. Driving skills thus became a necessary prerequisite to freely driving
automobiles, and a system of driver's licensing and examinations was born.
Before Licenses
When the first automobiles were introduced at the start of the 20th century,
anyone could drive them without restriction. Just as the earlier carriage or wagon driver
needed no license, the first automobile drivers were free to take to the road without the
government's permission. Part of this freedom was due to the privacy of early automobile
construction--many men and women simply built and attached their own engines to their
wagons.
Precursors to the License
Precursors to the driver's license are found in Chicago and New York City in
1899. Chicago required all automobile drivers to pass an exam in order to operate their
vehicles, and a New York City ordinance stated that in order to drive a steam-powered
car, the operator must be a licensed engineer.
First Driver's Licenses
The first driver's licenses were issued in 1903 by Massachusetts and Missouri.
These required no examinations of driving skills and were little more than identification
cards. As late as the 1930s and 1940s, many states simply instructed the potential driver

to pay a small fee of 25 or 50 cents in exchange for a driver's license, which were often
sent by mail.
Early Safety Concerns
Safety concerns began prompting states to issue driving examinations before
licensing drivers. Part of this was due to the increase in the number of cars and drivers.
By the end of the 1920s, 75 percent of households owned a car. In 1907, the New York
Times published an article entitled "Better Auto Laws Are Now Needed," which reported
the concerns of leading automobile experts about accidents caused by drivers'
inexperience and carelessness. Because automobiles were new, people were not
accustomed to cars' power and often drove too fast or too recklessly.
Driving Examinations
In 1908, Rhode Island became the first state to test individuals on their driving
skills before issuing licenses. In 1913, the New York Times issued a report that New
Jersey was requiring all drivers to pass an examination of their driving abilities and a
written test, with the hope that other states would follow New Jersey's lead to reduce the
number of accidents. Although exams were not required in Washington state until 1937,
when the state began issuing driver's licenses in 1921, it required two signatures to certify
that the candidate was able to drive safely. The last state to require drivers to pass a
driving exam was South Dakota in 1959.
The History of Driving Age
Most states require that a person be at least 16 years old to drive a motor vehicle
under certain conditions, while the minimum age to receive a full license is typically 18.
However, it took several decades during the early 20th century for 16 to emerge as the
minimum licensing age for most states. Today, there is widespread debate about raising
the minimum age to reduce teen driving fatalities.

Background
As the automobile became more mainstream in the 1920s, states generally set
arbitrary age restrictions by which a person could be licensed to drive, according to the
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. In 1921, Connecticut was the first state to allow a
person 16 or older to drive, accompanied by someone with a license. Between 1919 and
1937, 15 states enacted minimum age requirements, with nine allowing 16-year-olds to
obtain licenses. By the 1940s, most states had approved 16 as the minimum age.
Graduated Licensing
By the 1980s, most states had introduced laws allowing "graduated licensing." This
typically means that a 16-year-old can take a driver's license test and be allowed to drive,
though not with teen passengers, usually with parental supervision.
Many European countries have stricter age requirements than the U.S. Usually,
European nations don't allow teenagers to receive their "leaner permits," or provisional
licenses, until they are 17 or 18 years old.
Getting a drivers license is one of the important highlights for both car enthusiasts and
regular people alike. The document not only legally gives him/her the freedom to drive a
car, it also proves that they are mature, skilled and responsible enough to operate a
vehicle even on the busiest of roads.
In the Philippines, the Land Transportation Office (LTO) grants three types of drivers
license- students permits, nonprofessional permits, and professional permits.
Students Permit Requirements
Almost every person who is 16 years and older and is physically and mentally fit
to drive a vehicle can apply for a student permit. The requirements are simple:

A valid identification card indicating your age and name (eg. Student ID, birth
certificate)

Notarized parental consent for underage or minors

The accomplished LTO form for the Drivers License Application (this form can
be downloaded through the LTO website)

Application Procedures
1. Go to your nearest LTO branch or office together with your student drivers license
requirements and check their validity at the customer service window. Get your number
and wait for it to be called.
2. After your name has been called go to the processing counter and present the required
credentials and documents.
3. Have your photo and signature taken by one of the LTO staff. These will later be used
in producing your ID permit.
4. Pay the corresponding P317.63 fee and get a receipt. Here is the breakdown of the
fees:

Computer Fee- P67.63

Application Fee- P100.00

Student Permit Fee- P150.00

5. Present the receipt at the for releasing window and get your permit.
Important Tips
1. Always check for the directions to get to your nearest LTO branch by researching it on
Google maps or asking for directions from friends and relatives. Before leaving your
home, check if you have all your student drivers license requirements with you.
2. Bring your own ballpoint pen, extra money for lunch and water to hydrate yourself.
You will never know how long this process will last, especially if more people are also
applying for their license.

3. Deal only with LTO officers inside the building. People outside the office offering you
help may be fixers who are trying to get money from you in exchange for fast tracking
your application. If you have a question simply approach the information desk.

RATIONALE
The study aimed to gather information about the knowledge of the CIT students
with regards to the application of the Student Drivers License in terms of:
1. completion of the necessary requirements,
2. methods and procedures,
3. physical attributes to possess, proper attire to wear and the amount of fees to pay
4. importance of having Student Drivers License; and
5. the dos and donts in driving.
The respondents of this study is the 10% of CIT students regardless of their year
level.The source of data was based only on the survey questionnaire in assessing their
knowledge.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To assess the students knowledge in acquiring Student Drivers License.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Specifically, the action research has the following objectives:

1.
a. To determine the readiness of the students in completing the requirements in
acquiring Student Drivers License.
b. To test the students background with regards to its methods and procedures.

c. To present the proper physical and medical attributes necessary in acquiring Student
Drivers License.
d. To state an expected amount of fees in acquiring Student Drivers License.
2. To recognize the importance of having Student Drivers License.
3. To identify the dos and donts in driving.

METHODOLOGY
The researchers came up with the research title after brainstorming of unusual
problems existing in the campus. The researchers chose 55 student respondents from the
CIT department in the campus of Batangas State University.
Data Gathering Instrument
Survey questionnaire was used as the main instrument of the study to gather data
about the subject. The questions on the survey questionnaires focused on the assessment
of the students knowledge in applying for a Student Drivers License.
Construction of the questionnaire.
They went to the school library as well as the internet laboratory to browse
different references and visited some related websites for further information regarding
the study before the researchers came up with a set of questionnaire. They prepared a set
of survey questionnaire for the students which was divided into four parts.
The first part consists of questions regarding the list of requirements in applying
for a Student Drivers License. The second part consists of the sequencing of events of its
methods and procedures. The third part includes the questions of the proper attributes,
proper attire to wear of the applicant and the expected amount of fees upon the
application.
Validation of the questionnaire.
After the researchers made a draft of the questionnaire, it was submitted it to their
thesis adviser for evaluation. The adviser then gave his comments and suggestions. It was
then consolidated by the researchers in making the second draft.

The draft was given to authorities for validation to ensure content and construct
validity. After the corrections were considered, the final draft of the questionnaire.
Administration of the Questionnaire.
Upon coming up with the final draft of the survey questionnaire, they then asked
then the permission of the Associate Dean of CIT to conduct a survey for assessing the
knowledge and awareness of the CIT students in applying for a Student Drivers License
through paper and pencil test. When the permission was granted, the destination of the
questionnaires to the respondents was conducted.
Scoring of the Responses.
The responses provided by the respondents were interpreted based from the
rubrics below:
Assessment
Scale

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

Events
Multiple

49%

24%

13%

14%

Choice
True/False

55%

43%

2%

0%

62%

38%

0%

0%

Parts of
the test
Sequencing of

Data Gathering Procedures

All the questionnaires were personally distributed by the researchers to the
respondents. After explaining to the respondents the purpose of the survey, they started
answering it. After the survey questionnaires were answered by the respondents, they
were retrieved and the answers were tallied and evaluated.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers employed several statistical methods in order to properly evaluate
and analyze the data gathered. The following statistical tools were used to present the
description of the data and findings of the study.
Percentage. This was used to show the performance obtained for each set of the survey.
Ranking. This refers to several related concepts in mathematics involving graphs,
groups, matrices, quadratic forms, sequences, set theory, statistics, and tensors.

DISCUSSIONS
The figure below shows the 10% of the CIT students which is 55 and their
corresponding performance obtained for each set of the survey. The set one represents the
knowledge of the students on the proper procedures to be undertaken when applying for a
Students Drivers License. The set two represents their knowledge of the proper
attributes to possess, the proper attire to wear and their expected amount of fees. The set
three represents their knowledge of the dos and donts while driving. Furthermore, the
data shows that majority of the CIT students already have the knowledge in acquiring a
Student Drivers License, most specially on set three consisting of the dos and donts
while driving.
Figure 1
Assessment of the CIT students knowledge in the proper steps and procedures in
acquiring a Student Drivers License

The researchers found that in set one, 49% of the total number of the respondents
performed a level of excellence in arranging the proper procedures in applying for a
Student Drivers License, 24%

performed good, 13% performed fair, and 15%

performed poor.
Figure 2
Assessment of the CIT students knowledge in the proper attributes to possess,
proper attire to wear and the amount of fees to pay in acquiring a Student Drivers
License

Figure 2 shows that 55% of the total number of the respondents performed
excellence in choosing the proper attributes to possess, the proper attire to wear, and the
expected amount of fees from the given choices, 44% performed good, 2% shows
fairness while none of them performed poor.

Figure 3
Assessment of the CIT students knowledge in the dos and donts of driving

The result in set three implies that 62% of the total number of the respondents
performed excellence in classifying the given statement as true or false in the dos and
donts while driving, 38% performed good, while none of the respondents performed fair
or poor on the given set of questionnaire.

Proposed Output
The proposed mini guide book was designed to elevate the knowledge of the CIT
students regarding the application for a students drivers license. The researchers design
discussions of the necessary requirements needed, importance, procedures, the proper
physical attributes, the appropriate attire to wear, tips, road signs and its meanings.

FINDINGS
After the data were analyzed and interpreted, the following findings emerged:
1. Knowledge of the steps and procedures

The respondents showed excellence in arranging the proper procedures to be

undertaken when applying for a Student Drivers License.
2. Awareness of the proper physical attribute to possess, appropriate attire to wear and
expected amount to pay.
Majority of the respondents showed excellence in choosing the appropriate
physical attribute to possess, the appropriate attire to wear and expected amount to pay.
3. Knowledge of the dos and donts while driving
The respondents performed excellence in identifying whether the given statement
in the given survey questionnaire is true or false with regards to the dos and donts of
driving.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were made:
Most of the students completed their requirements, some doesnt. It is because
most of them have vehicles that is registered and they are licensed, too. Having license
for them is a great advantage to travel anywhere they want to go without worrying for
any violation that an officer may be imposed to them. It may also be a valid ID in any
matter. In terms of the steps and procedures, the respondents know what should they do
in applying for a SDL. They can get their license without the aid of any authorities. They
also know what are the required attributes for them to be qualified for having their own
license. That they should be presentable in physically and mentally, and prepared for the
fees to be paid for applying for it. Giving importance in having license is considered by
the respondents. They said that having license gives them freedom to go wherever and
whenever they want to go. Independence is involved in having it for it may be the key for
them to not to rely on their parents when it comes to traveling. The respondents also
already know what must and mustn't do while they are driving vehicles. They can be safe
drivers for them not to meet accidents anywhere due to their negligence.
RECOMMENDATIONS

As the researchers finish their study, the following recommendations were hereby made
and specified;
1. The proposed mini guide book can be used by the teacher to incorporate
2. Students must read the proposed mini guide book more often to elevate their knowledge
and awareness on applying for a students drivers license.
3. A similar study should be conducted having the other courses as their respondents.

Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY-ROSARIO
Namunga, Rosario, Batangas
Determining the Knowledge of CIT Students in Acquiring Student Drivers License

General Objectives

To assess the students knowledge in acquiring Student Drivers License.

Specific Objectives

Specifically, the action research has the following objectives:

A.
To determine the readiness of the students in completing the requirements
in acquiring Student Drivers License.
To test the students background with regards to its methods and
procedures.
To present the proper physical attributes necessary in acquiring Student
Drivers License.
To state an expected amount of its fees.
B. To be able to show a sample exam in getting a non-professional and
professional drivers license with the purpose of extending the knowledge of
the students in terms of driving.
C. To recognize the importance of having Student Drivers License.
D. To identify the dos and donts in driving.

Respondents:

10% of the population of Students in CIT Department

DRIVERS SURVEY
NAME (optional):
YEAR/MAJOR:
ADDRESS:

Direction: The following are the lists needed in applying for a Student Drivers License.
Put a check (/) if you have the requirement given.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Original and photocopy of birth certificate

If employed, Taxpayers Identification Number (TIN)
A filled out application for drivers license (ADL)
For applicants below 18 years old, require parents or guardians written consent
with photo copy of ID Card to prove his/her identity. If not accompanied by
parent/guardian, the written consent must be duly notarized.

Sequencing Events
Direction: Arrange the steps/procedures in applying for a Student Drivers License by
writing 1-5 on each space provided.
a. Proceed to the releasing counter with the OR and claim the student drivers
permit.
b. Go to the cashier to pay the fees and to obtain an official receipt (OR).
c. When your name is called, go to where your photo and signature will be
taken.
d. When your number is called, go to the evaluator counter and submit all the
required documents to have it checked for completeness and authenticity.
e. Go to the Customer Service Counter to get your checklist of requirements and
secure a Drivers License Application Form. Get a queue number.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

DIRECTION: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What must be the applicants requirement in terms of his/her physical attribute?
A.

B.

C.

2. Choose the appropriate attire to wear when getting a Student Drivers License.

A.

B.

3. What is your expected amount when it deals with the fees in getting Student
Drivers License?
a. 200-400
b. 400-600

c. 600 above

4. What is the importance of having a Student Drivers License?

TRUE/FALSE

Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

1. Follow the speed limits.

2. Engage in other activities, while driving, that distract your attention or reduce
your reaction time. Eating, changing clothes, or putting on makeup while
driving is dangerous.
3. Make sure that your spare tire is in your car and that you have a working jack.
4. Play your car stereo so loudly that you are disruptive to others, or so loudly that
you are unable to hear train signals or emergency vehicle sirens.
5. Make time for routine preventative maintenance on your car. Breakdowns can
be dangerous and costly.

Prepared by:
Dapog, Joan Myle D.
De Tobio, Ronna M.
Dimapasok, Ronna M.
Javier, Michaella Allyza L.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/12/how-important-is-it-to-have-a-driverslicense/

https://travelsandsojourns.wordpress.com/2012/01/02/a-trip-to-lto-the-ultimate-guide-togetting-your-student-drivers-license/
http://www.carmudi.com.ph/journal/student-driver-license-requirements-list/
http://www.ontario.ca/faq/what-drivers-licence-history
https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=p_rbVe3nBMvC8AeyIHIAQ&gws_rd=ssl#q=student+driver%27s+license+limitations