qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 414-419

ramaz xaWapuriZe,
rusudan kaSia

saojaxo-sagvareulo samedicino tradiciebi

(qvemo imereTis eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT)

qvemo imereTSi eTnografiuli masalis moZieba-gacnobam dagvarwmuna,

rom xalxuri medicinis saamayo mravalsaukunovani tradiciebi kvlavac
grZeldeba da mexsierebam dRemde Semoinaxa winaparTa codna-gamocdileba.
Sinauri wamlis damzadebis receptebi, saojaxo samedicino praqtika
xSir SemTxvevaSi memkvidreobiT gadaecema. amrigad, saojaxo-sagvareulo
medicina isev inarCunebs samedicino-kulturul tradiciebs.
naSromi eyrdnoba im masalas, romelic qarTveluri dialeqtologiis
samecniero-kvleviTi institutis momZiebelTa jgufis mier iqna Cawerili.
cxadia, erTi samecniero statia srulad ver asaxavs mTeli qvemo imereTis
samedicino codnas; Cven SevecadeT warmogveCina ramdenime saintereso
sagvareulo, romelTa samkurnalo gamocdileba Taobebs gadaecema,
romlebic winaprebisagan naswavl efeqtur mcenareul saSualebebs
gamoiyeneben. maTTan saubarma dagvarwmuna, rom mniSvnelobas inarCunebs
magiur-religiuri wesebiT, SelocvebiT mkurnaloba.
saqarTveloSi sagvareulo samedicino codna tradiciulad daculi
iyo. gvari ufrTxildeboda recepts da cdilobda wamlis damzadebis
wesebi gaTxovili qaliSvilis gziT sxva gvarSi ar gasuliyo, magram
dResdReobiT es "akrZalvebi" xSirad aRar moqmedebs.
eTnografiul masalaze dakvirvebam dagvanaxa, rom im ojaxebisgan,
romlebic sagvareulo codnaSi anazRaurebas iReben, wamlis damzadebis
receptis miReba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT
samtrediis raionis sofel RanirSi mcxovreb gofoiZeebs, romlebic
amzadeben radikulitis, sokovani daavadebebisa da Tmis budobrivi
cvenis (xalxSi es daavadeba "xosris" saxeliTaa cnobili) samkurnalo
efeqtur saSualebebs. Cven SevZeliT dagvedgina mxolod, rom wamlebis
erT-erTi komponentia Zmari. Zmari, rogorc samkurnalo saSualeba,
uZvelesi droidan gamoiyeneba, razec Zveli qarTuli samedicino wignebi
migviTiTebs.
mkvlevari n. mindaZe aRniSnavs: ,,ar aris gamoricxuli, rom swored
qarTuli oficialuri medicinis gavleniT damkvidrda xalxur medicinaSi
zogierTi samkurnalo saSualeba" (n. mindaZe, 2005, gv. 53).
am mosazrebis siswores adasturebs xonSi mcxovrebi suluxiebis
ojaxis saqmianoba, ganTqmuli TavianTi Sinauri wamlebiT. samedicino codna
STamomavlobas bebiam gadasca (gvarad Wilaia, sof. naxaxulevi), romelsac
,,namziTvi karabadinis" daxmarebiT auTvisebia sxvadasxva samkurnalo wamlis
recepti.
 suluxiebi ZiriTadad mcenareuli komponentebisagan amzadeben
Sedegian Sinaur wamlebs. esenia: saymawvilos, damwvrobis, stomatitis,
Wrilobebis Sesaxorcebel, kuW-nawlavis uebro samkurnalo saSualebebs.
wamlebis damzadebis wesebs, iseve rogorc specialuri Selocvis teqsts,
romelsac simWlis mkurnalobisas gamoiyeneben, ojaxi ufrTxildeba da ar
gascems.
qvemo imereTSi gavecaniT ramdenime sagvareulos, romlebic uangarod
uziareben avadmyofebs winaprebisagan miRebul "eqimbaSur" codnas.
sofel kontuaTSi mcxovrebi xvingiebis ojaxi (maTi didi babua
martvilis raionis sof. lecucxvaiedan Camosaxlebula) amzadebs
damwvrobis wamals. Sinauri wamlis efeqtianobaze metyvelebs, rom
axlomaxlo soflebidan xSirad mimarTaven daxmarebisaTvis. malamo
mzaddeba modernizebuli wesiT: umarilo qons, Taflis sanTelsa da
mzesumziris zeTs emateba tkivilgamayuCebeli saSualebebi: analgini da
streptocidi. igive malamo gamoiyeneba Cirqovani gamonayaris
samkurnalod.
ojaxSi ician buasilis wamali. nazavi mzaddeba daTvis qonis, aryisa
da walikasagan (wylis wiwaka). ,,eqimbaSi" Sura xvingia amzadebs aseve
morielis nakbenis wamals, romelic Semdegnairad keTdeba: cocxal
moriels iWeren da zeTian qilaSi deben, ramdenime xnis Semdeg es zeTi
gamoiyeneba morielis nakbenisagan gansakurneblad. amave dros Wrilobaze
afens msxlis foTols (jiSs mniSvneloba ara aqvs). proceduras yovelTvis
specialuri Selocvebis TanxlebiT atareben:
,,morieli moriSvili,
cxra deda da cxra Svili,
cxraTa morialiSvili
fsxals vWam, fsxali migia,
fsxali maxuravs."
xvingiebis ojaxSi CaviwereT qvewarmavlisagan Tavdacvis Selocva:
"miSa, miSa, miSanduri,
gveli modis moqarguli,
vai, deda weli, weli,
momitane Txilis wkneli,
miSas saWyatunebeli,
miSas sawkatunebeli".
mTxrobelebma dagvarwmunes, rom Tu moaswari Selocvis teqstis
warmoTqma, uxsenebeli ar gikbens.
sof. maTxojis mkvidria barabaZeTa didi gvari, romelic ramdenime
Stod iyofa. winaparTa samkurnalo saqmianobiT dainteresebula am gvaris
erTi ganayofi, romelic vatoriebis gvarzedmetiTaa cnobili. am codnis
safuZvelze isini mkurnaloben sawerels da Zirmagaras kurdRlis qoniT.
mkurnalobis wesi SelocviT mimdinareobs:
_ sawerelo, sad midixar?
_ adamianTan!
_ risTvis?
 _ xorcis saWmelad, sisxlis sasmelad, Zvlis satverlad!
_ ra aris misi wamali?
_ eliani, meliani, saweri kalami, torfis cvili, qvabis Jangiri, vai,
ra vqna da ra movitano.
Cemi Tavis gadasatani!"
barabaZeebis ojaxSi, didi bebiisagan, romelic gvarad sarava yofila
abaSidan, ician Cirqovani gamonadenisa da "mazolis" wamali.
nanemsaris daCirqebis recepti: Semwvar xaxvs ayrian Saqris fxvnils,
emateba sami kvercxis guli, cota puris fqvili, aseve mcire raodenobiT
gaxexili saponi.
ojaxis diasaxlisma _ Taliko fiola-barabaZem icis daCrdilvis
wamali, romelic wyalgareuli Zmrisa da tyemlis tylapisagan mzaddeba.
Tavis tkivilis dasaameblad igi xSirad ulocavs naTvalevsa da Sakiks,
SelocvebisTvis gansazRvrul dReebSi: samSabaTs, xuTSabaTsa da SabaTs.
gvarSi daculi samedicino codna gagviziara adeli (kukla)
kakabaZem.
kakabaZeebi sof. kuxis mkvidri gvaria, adeli kakabaZis ojaxi erT-erT
Stos (gvarzedmeti - kioweebi) ekuTvnis. man gagviziara winaprebisagan
naswavli samedicino codna da mogvawoda Sinauri wamlebis ramdenime
saintereso recepti:
damwvrobis wamlis Semadgeneli komponentebia: gadamdnari batis
qoni, Taflis sanTeli, zeiTunis an qacvis zeTi, penicilini.
respondentis monaTxrobiT, misi bebia (liparteliani - lentexidan)
wamlis Selocvas Savtariani danisa da naxSiris gamoyenebiT atarebda.
TviTon rituals aRar mimarTavs, icis mxolod damwvrobis Selocvis
teqsti:
"oSoSinobda, dafofinobda wiTeli xari,
wiTeli xucesis zRvas xnavda,
qviSas Tesavda, vis gougonia sam dRes iqiT..."
sirsvelis: dafqvili venaxis Sabi, umaruli Roris qoni, buxris
Wvartli.
suravandis: wamals amzadeben Semdegnairad: ZmarSi gareul wyals
emateba muxisa da sxmartlis qerqi, suro da TeTri Sabi.
Tirkmlebis samkurnaloa matitelasa da mayvlis Ziris naxarSi.
wamlebis damzadebis dros "mkurnali"xSirad iyenebs naTvalebis
Selocvas. teqsts sam dRes imeorebs, samivejer gaskvnis abreSumis Zafs,
mesame dRes ki naskvs avadmyofs daawvevinebs.
naTvalevis Selocva:
"ansala, mansala, Savi Wiri da sansala Sens gamTvalavs, TvalSi
nacari, gulSi laxvari, samocdasami wmida giorgis laxvari, mas mieces
didi Sveba da gamarjveba. iqceoda mware bali, miscioda mware Tvali,
RmerTo, Sen xar mowyale, eSmaks Tvali moTxare, wiTeli goWis fexia,
kiseri moutexia, Sevkari wiTeli, motyda kiseri, ia da vardi _ kldeSi
gadavardi. fui, Seni avi TvaliT Semxedavs. Cavkari salsa wyalsa xeli,
amoviRe Savi gveli, davde Savsa sipsa qvasa, wavayare Savi marili, marili
dneboda, sipiT wneboda, mTavarangelozo!"
mkurnalobis dros Selocvebis gamoyenebas, cxadia, fsiqologiuri
datvirTva aqvs da rwmenis faqtors emyareba.
svaneTSi gavrcelebuli magiur-religiuri mkurnalobis variaciebi
gadmotanili aqvT migrirebul svanebs, romlebic xonis raionSi
dasaxldnen. magaliTad, avi Tvalisagan dacvis mizniT, romelsac Zvelad
did angariSs uwevdnen, svanebi xmarobdnen balyareTidan gadmotanil
tyavis budeSi Selocvil qaRalds _ ,,duas" (evg. gabliani, 1925, gv. 128).
amas an yelze Camokidebdnen, anda tansacmlis marjvena mxares, ufro
iRliasTan, daikerebdnen. amave mizniT iyenebdnen Tavdacvis Zvel mamapapur
xerxs, romelic veluri blis xis nawilebis tansacmelze dakerebaSi iyo
gamoxatuli. gansakuTrebuli Zala hqonda aRdgomis win, did xuTSabaTs _
,,Tanfa caS" diliT umZraxad tyidan motanili blis xis nawilebs,
romlisagan gakeTebul jvrebs adamianis samosze dakerebasTan erTad,
dahkidebdnen aivanze, kedelze, bostanSi, Caagdebdnen skivrSi da saqonelsac
Seabamdnen. anda mZivis magivrad kaklebsaviT daamrgvalebdnen da kabis
nakerSi marjvena mxares daimagrebdnen. didi gafrTxileba icodnen
SesamCnevi garegnobis qalisa da kacis im azriT, rom heerias, muxanaTsa da
kudians isini ar SeemCnia da misi maxasiaTebeli borotebiT ziani ar
mieyenebina (iqve).
rac Seexeba veluri blis xis nawilebisadmi avi Tvalisagan daxsnis
SesaZleblobis rwmenas, igi unda ukavSirdebodes qarTvelTa da maT Soris
svanTa uZveles kults wminda xeebis Tayvaniscemisas, romlis
SemadgenlobaSi veluri blis xec iyo miTvlili. amis gamo qvemo svaneTSi
da zeda laSxeTSi veluri xis didi tyeebi yofila gaSenebuli. veluri
blis xes Cveulebriv saxmarad ar mosWridnen, misgan marto xatisaTvis
saWiro ficrebs akeTebdnen da samgzavro joxebadac (mujira) mas
xmarobdnen (iqve, gv. 188-189).
aRniSnuli meTodebiT mkurnaloba da Tavis dacva damaxasiaTebeli
gaxda ara marto Camosaxlebuli sagvareulo svanebisaTvis, aramed maT
TavianTi rwmena-warmodgenebi gadasces xonis raionis macxovreblebs,
romlebmac ager ukve ramdenime aTeuli welia gaiTavises aRniSnuli
magiur-religiuri mkurnalobis saSualebebi.
Sakikis samkurnalod kukla kakabaZem Semdegi rituali gagvacno:
avadmyofi diliT adre unda adges ubrad, samjer Semouaros nigvzis xes.
Semovlisas xes Tavi unda miados da gaimeoros: "nigozo, rogorc Seni
lebnebia ZmebiviT tolebi, ase ZmebiviT gaiziare Cemi satkivari da dilis
mzis sxivebs gaatane!" (r. kaSia, 2004, gv. 122).
qvemo imereTSi eTnografiuli masalis moZiebisas SevxvdiT erT
saintereso "mkurnals" _ marine cabaZes, zestafonidan gaTxovda
wyaltubos raionis sof. maRlakSi. man SalamberiZeebis ojaxSi moitana
ramdenime sagvareulo recepti da Tavis rZlebs aswavla samkurnalwamlo
saSualebebi:
 kuWis wylulis: sufTa Tafls emateba 100 gr. spirti da wvrilad
daqucmacebuli dindgeli.
kbilis tkivilis: gamxmari yurZnis marcvlebs danayaven da ideben
gamoxrul kbilSi.
yuris tkivilis: gaxexili Savi bolokis ori wveTi unda CaiwveTo.
Tavis tkivilis, daCrdilvis: wyalSi gaxsnili gamxmari qinZis
marcvlebi unda CaiwveTo cxvirSi, an yoCivardas Zirebis naxarSi.
kuW-aSlilobis: kamis Teslis naxarSi.
xvelebis: iis, kamisa da unabis foTlebis nayeni.
maRali sicxis: gaqnili kvercxis guli unda wausva xelisa da fexis
gulebze.
respondentma gagvacno aseve xalxuri veterinariis araerTi
saintereso samkurnalo saSualeba (ix.: r. kaSia, 2007, gv. 396-400).
marine cabaZe-SalamberiZe mkurnalobis dros xSirad ulocavs avi
Tvalisa da uJmurisagan Tavdasacavad. gadmocemiT icis, rom Selocva
ufro uWris mamakacs an ufros qaliSvils. amave dros man gvaswavla
magiuri wesi: mware blisagan gakeTebuli jvari da masTan erTad rkinis
patara naWeri unda ataro Cumad, tansacmlis SigniT da yovelgvari avi
Tvalisagan iqnebi daculi.
amdenad, miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT mosaxleoba ZiriTadad
kvalificiur samsaxurs mimarTavs, xalxur saojaxo-samedicino kulturas
ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba. xalxuri medicinis eTnografiuli
kuTxiT kvleva winaparTagan naswavl mraval efeqtur samkurnalo
saSualebas gamoavlens.

damowmebuli literatura

r. kaSia, 2004 - r. kaSia, Tavis tkivilebis mkurnalobis qarTveluri

saSualebebi medicinaSi, qarTveluri memkvidreoba., t. VIII, quTaisi,
2004.
r. kaSia, 2007 - r. kaSia, xalxuri veterinaria da sagvareulo
tradiciebi: qarTveluri memkvidreoba, t. XI, quTaisi, 2007.
n. mindaZe, 1981 - n. mindaZe, qarTuli xalxuri medicina, Tb., 1981.
n. mindaZe, n. CirgaZe, 2005 - n. mindaZe, n. CirgaZe, qarTuli xalxuri
samedicino tradiciebi (kaxeTi), Tb., 2005.
r. xaWapuriZe, 2006 - r. xaWapuriZe, magiur-religiuri mkurnalobis
istoriidan, quTaisi, 2006.
 RAMAZ KHACHAPURIDZE, RUSUDAN KASHIA

FAMILY MEDICAL TRADITIONS

(ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF KVEMO (LOWER) IMERETI)

Folk medicine is one of the subjects of the ethnography; its study is of particular
importance for the acquaintance of the people’s traditions and the common ways of life
and culture.
Preparing and administering of the healing medicines and means of the most
effective reputations were passed through ancestry that promoted the establishment of the
rich traditional family medical culture.
Medical knowledge was kept in secret and the families of the same family names
were responsible to guard prescription and methods (sometimes referred to as ‘magic’) of
its preparation. Nowadays the families normally do not keep the healing means in secret.
The field practice of Kvemo Imereti aiming at collecting the ethnographic materials
revealed that there are still people who are interested in folk medicine and preserve the
knowledge and experience of their ancestors. Among them is even the healing of patients
with magic-ritualistic traditions, praying etc. that retains some importance in several
cases.
We think that the further continuation of the ethnographic study of the Georgian
family medicine will reveal many unknown means of traditional healing.