qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis

qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis

perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 260-263

nato niqabaZe

damoukideblobis dakargva da "qarTuli sakiTxi"

saerTaSoriso politikaSi

XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis dasawyisi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

arsebobis mTel manZilze uaRresad mZime saSinao da saerTaSoriso viTarebiT
aRiniSna. sabWoTa ruseTi ukve iRebda gadamWrel zomebs saqarTveloSi sabWoTa
xelisuflebis damyarebisaTvis.
1921 wlis 11 Tebervlidan sabWoTa ruseTma damoukidebeli saqar-Tvelos
winaaRmdeg daiwyo saomari moqmedeba. 24 Tebervlamde grZeldeboda
sisxlismRvreli brZolebi Tbilisis misadgomebTan. qarTuli jaris simcirem da
mowinaaRmdegis ricxobrivma upiratesobam aiZula mTavarsardali, daecala
TiTqmis ukve garemoculi dedaqalaqi.
1921 wlis 25 Tebervals sabWoTa armia TbilisSi Sevida, moaxdina
saqarTvelos okupacia, aneqsia da iq sabWoTa xelisufleba daamyara.
Cveni azriT, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargvis saqmeSi xelisuflebis
mxridan daSvebuli iyo seriozuli Secdomebi. am SecdomebSi brali hqonda ara
marto xelisuflebas, aramed opoziciur Zalebsac.
savsebiT swori iyo k. gamsaxurdia, rodesac werilSi ,,sityvebi qarTveli
erisadmi 26 maiss" damarcxebis mizezebs erTi romelime politikuri partiis
saqmianobaSi ki ar eZebda, aramed cdilobda globaluri poziciebidan gaerkvia
misi warmoSobis saTave. nuravin nu daabralebs am katastrofas martooden
mezoblebs, nurc romelime gansazRvrul partias: ,,qarTvelebis ukanasknel
politikur egzamenSi _ werda k. gamsaxurdia, _ Cven davinaxeT, rom qarTveli
xalxi, rogorc saxelmwifo aRmSeneblobis masala Zlier kargia, magram misi
meTauri _ inteligencia bevr SemTxvevaSi uRirsi aRmoCnda eris beladobisa"
(gaz. "saqarTvelos respublika", 2002, 26 maisi).
z. avaliSvilis azriT, saqarTvelosa da sabWoTa ruseTis dapirispireba
menSevikuri mTavrobis sagareo politikis brali iyo, romelmac saqarTvelo
srul izolaciaSi moaqcia rogorc moskovis, ise angoris mimarT.
1921 wlis damdegs ki saqarTvelos, _ wers z. avaliSvili, _ Tavisi
mTavrobisa da damfuZnebeli krebis saxiT hyavda partiuli organizaciis
kreatura, romelnic saxelmwifoebriv saqmeebSi gamoucdeli doqtrinorobiT
dauRalavad da sijiutiT dReniadag amcrobdnen... Tavisive arsebobisa da
momavlis safuZvels (z. avaliSvili, 1990, gv. 7).
z. avaliSvilis TqmiT, saqarTvelos mTavroba gzis dasasruls iseT
viTarebaSi aRmoCnda, rom misi Zirs gadaZaxeba erTi wkipurtiT gaxda
SesaZlebeli.
saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli mTavroba emigraciaSi yofnisas yvela
Rones xmarobda imisaTvis, rom epova mokavSire evropis qveynebis saxiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos emigrantul mTavrobas safrangeTSi Casvlisas
politikur moRvaweTagan aravin daxvedria, SemdgomSi maT Soris kargi
urTierToba Camoyalibda.
safrangeTis pozicia saqarTvelos mimarT naTlad gamoixata 1921 wlis
Teberval-martis londonis konferenciaze. safrangeTma Suamdgomloba gaswia
inglisTan da osmaleTTan saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli azri gamoTqmulia
saqarTvelos sruluflebiani elCis ak. Cxenkelis moxsenebaSi _ `memuari
sruluflebiani elCisa diplomatiuri muSaobis Sesaxeb 1921-1922 ww." (scsa, s.
872).
samTavrobo doneze Sexvedrebidan sayuradReboa n. Jordanias saubari
safrangeTis prezident-mileiranTan, romelic 1921 wlis 8 ivniss gaimarTa.
saubridan cxadi xdeba, rom safrangeTis prezidents naTeli warmodgena ar
hqonda saqarTveloSi mimdinare movlenebze. aseTi pozicia gamowveuli iyo im
saerTaSoriso viTarebiT, romlisTvisac angariSi unda gaewia mas, vidre
qarTuli sakiTxisaTvis.
igulisxmeba inglis-safrangeTis xelSekrulebis saidumlo punqti, romelic
xel-fexs uxsnida ingliss ruseTis sakiTxSi (e. w. Carte Blanche). sanacvlod
safrangeTmac daiwyo moskovTan daaxloebis kampania axladarCeuli premier
erios xelmZRvanelobiT. 1924 wels safrangeTma diplomatiuri urTierToba
daamyara sabWoTa kavSirTan (g. cxovrebaZe, 1996, gv. 47).
saqarTvelo-safrangeTis kargi urTierTobis miuxedavad, demokratiuli
respublikis mTavrobam da saerTod qarTulma politikurma Zalebma ver
moaxerxes safrangeTis realur mokavSired gaxdoma.
sayuradReboa, Tu rogor Sexvda inglisis mmarTveli wreebi saqarTvelos
elCs ak. Cxenkels 1921 wlis 17 marts rwmunebis sigelis gadacemisas. inglisis
sagareo saqmeTa ministrma lord kerzonma, marTalia, mwuxareba gamoTqva
saqarTvelos dapyrobis gamo, magram dampyroblis Sesaxeb araferi uTqvams.
1924 wlis 2 Tebervals inglissa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris damyarda
diplomatiuri urTierToba. imave wels aRniSnul gzas daadgnen evropis qveynebi:
italia, norvegia, avstria, saberZneTi, dania, safrangeTi da sxvebi. e. i. inglisis
ZalisxmeviT sabWoTa kavSirma Tavis srul aRiarebas miaRwia evropaSi (scsa, s.
1056).
saqarTvelos 1918-1921 wlebis saerTaSoriso politikaSi erT-erTi umTavresi
sakiTxi saqarTvelo-germaniis urTierToba iyo. 1918 wels germaniam pirvelma cno
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da gaxsna saelCo TbilisSi. pirvel msoflio omSi
(1914-1918) germania damarcxda. igi iZulebuli gaxda mokavSire epova da am gzam
sabWoTa kavSirTan miiyvana. es moxda genuis konferenciis dros rapaloSi 1922
wlis 16 aprils, roca germania-sabWoTa ruseTis xelSekruleba gaformda.
rapalos xelSekruleba gavrcelda saqarTveloze 1922 wlis 5 noembris aqtiT.
am mxriv sayuradReboa germaniaSi saqarTvelos warmomadgenlis vl.
axmetelis werili n. Jordaniasadmi, romelic daTariRebulia 1922 wlis 7
noembriT: ,,germaniis mTavrobam gadadga saSineli nabiji... rapalos xelSekruleba
gavrcelda saqarTveloze. am aqtiT germaniis mTavrobam waSala saqarTvelos
damoukidebeli arseboba da mospo saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba berlinSi".
 ruseT-osmaleTis urTierToba ganisazRvra moskovSi 1921 wlis 16 martis
xelSekrulebiT, riTac ruseTma gaaCuqa saqarTvelosa da somxeTis teritoriaTa
didi nawili, rac avaldebulebda TurqeTs angariSi gaewia sabWoTa ruseTisaTvis.
saqarTvelos misiis warmomadgeneli k. gvarjalaZe n. Jordaniasadmi
gagzavnil werilSi acnobebs misi Sexvedris Sesaxeb osmaleTis mTavrobis
warmomadgenelTan _ refet faSasTan. igi acxadebda: ,,saqarTvelos bolSevikuri
mTavroba CvenTvis ufro xelsayrelia, radgan maTTan gvaqvs xelSekruleba,
romlis ZaliTac isini CvenTan teritoriul da ekonomikur sakiTxebze
morigebulni arian, rom Zveli mTavroba dabrundes saqarTveloSi da masTan Cven
laparaki daviwyoT. ar viciT, ras izams is. SeiZleba teritoriuli sakiTxi
wamogviyenos... amitom CvenTvis ufro xelsayreli bolSevikebi arian".
zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia gadaWriT vTqvaT, rom evropis
didma saxelmwifoebma TavianT politikur da ekonomikur mokavSired sabWoTa
ruseTi airCies da kari miuxures gansacdelSi myof saqarTvelos. saqarTvelo
realuri mokavSiris gareSe martodmarto, Tavisi Zalebis amara darCa
bolSevikuri ruseTis winaaRmdeg gadamwyvet brZolaSi.
TiTqmis erTi saukunis Semdeg, XXI saukunis damdegs, damoukidebeli
saqarTvelo isev ruseTis mxridan ganicdis udides zewolas, romelic cdilobs
ZirZveli qarTuli miwebis _ afxazeTisa da cxinvalis mxaris - yofili samxreT
oseTis teritoriebis mitacebas.
,,qarTuli sakiTxi" dResac mwvaved dgas saerTaSoriso politikaSi. im
fonze, roca ruseTma afxazeTSi Seiyvana damatebiTi SeiaraRebuli Zalebi da
Riad da aSkarad cdilobs saqarTvelos CamoaSoros misi kuTvnili miwebi.
sabednierod, dRes evropis yvela saxelmwifo, aSS da saerTaSoriso institutebi
aSkarad gmoben ruseTis agresias saqarTvelos mimarT da yvela Rones xmaroben,
rom droulad aRkveTon ruseTis ukanono qmedeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze.

damowmebuli literatura

z. avaliSvili, 1990 - z. avaliSvili, saqarTvelos damoukidebloba 1918-1921

wlebis saerTaSoriso politikaSi, Tb., 1990.
gaz. ,,saqarTvelos respublika", 2002 wlis 26 maisi.
scsa - saqarTvelos centraluri saxelmwifo arqivi.
g. cxovrebaZe, 1996 - g. cxovrebaZe, qarTuli politikuri emigracia da
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxi 1921-1925 wlebSi, Tb., 1996.
 NATO NIKABADZE

THE LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE AND INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ‘THE

GEORGIAN ISSUE’

In the beginning of 20s of the 20th century the Democratic Republic of Georgia suffered
from the hardest domestic and international conditions. In February 11, 1921 Soviet Russia
began military intervention against the independent country. In February 25th the Red Army
occupied Tbilisi capital city that proclaimed the Soviet authority in the country.
Democratic government went to emigration in France. The Georgian Menshevik
government in exile made all efforts to find allies in Europe. However, Paris began negotiations
with Moscow and the diplomatic relationship established between them in 1924.
In February 2, 1924 United Kingdom and the Soviet Union established diplomatic
relations. In the same year the same course was taken by other European countries, as: Italy,
Norway, Austria, Greece, Denmark, France etc. that is the Soviet Union gained her complete
recognition through the efforts of the United Kingdom.
The agreement between Germany and the Soviet Russia was concluded in Rafalo in 16th
April, 1922. This agreement extended on Georgia as well.
The relation between the Soviet Russia and Ottoman Turkey was regulated according to
Moscow agreement of Marc 16, 1921 by force of which the Soviet Russia conceded considerable
sizes of Georgia’s and Armenia’s territories to gain the support from Turkey.
European states were bound to decide on Russia as their political and economical partner
slamming the door to hapless Georgia.