UDK 630*116+630*181.31:582.632.2(497.

113)

TAJ MEOAT AOA A TAE

MA ATA AA AOM EM
1
2
1
3
: oo a aaa aaa aja eoa aaa e
ae a ae a aa aa ao e.
(o oe), aa eeea, ooa oeaa,
eooo je ao eo aj a e ajee e ooa a
aa o a. oa o e oje e aa
aa oo jaea oe e, eea eo 2007-2013. oe,
aoje e oe e a oeo ea aea aaao oja. a
oe ea a a oe e o aeo (ajo) oa,
eaoao aa eaa, oje ao ea oa, aj a oe
eaa ao o eaa e oe, je
aa oeo ooo aoaa aa.
: a a, a e, e aea, eoaje, ee
a, ae o.
EFFECTS OF RECLAMATION WORKS ON THE STATE OF PEDUNCULATE OAK
FORESTS IN RAVNI SREM
Abstract: This paper presents the research into the effects of reclamation works and road
infrastructure on the state of pedunculate oak forests in Ravni Srem. When studying the
regime of water (both surface and ground water), as a dynamic element that is subject to
change, it is necessary to determine its impact on the plant communities that grow along
the river courses on typical hygrophilous forest sites. Data on increasingly extensive dieback
of pedunculate oak and narrow-leaved ash in Gornji Srem recorded in the period from
2007 to 2013 are associated with the change in the moisture regime of the study area. The
dieback process results in a high quantity of intermediate (unplanned) yield realized through
sanitation cuttings, which as a form of unplanned yield, entail extensive unscheduled
work and cause serious problems, because they have not been incorporated into the forest
management plan.
Keywords: pedunculate oak, Ravni Srem, moisture regime, reclamation, forest dieback,
unplanned yields.

1 , .; , . ., ;
,
2 , . , , ,

3 , . . .,

-, 2014.

117

1.
Aja aa ee ae ao eoe e eaa aaj e
ao ea, a e oa oe ae a
e aa. Oaj oo, oje ao oo-eooa ea,
eaa oje aa ooo-aeja oo aoj
oo.
oe e, e ea eae (a, jae, a, ooa
.), oje aeaaj oaj oo, eoa oee a oe ea
ae e eaj o aa, ee ae
ooa o eo ajeaa, a
o a je a a aa ae. oe eje o
o o, oj eaj ooe eooe aoe, a oe ojo
eao: ee oe oa aea, oae aa,
e ee, eoae aa, oaa, oa .

( ,
., 1974), ( , .,
1976), (a , . t l., 1989).
oe oaja o oa ao e, oeo ae
aooe aj, oj ae e oe oe e o
ajaj. o e je o e aje ae je oe a ae,
a oe oe ea aee aa oa ea
e a , eo oe oa, e e je ae ae
aj, e oa e a , eo oe oa, e e
je ae ae aj, e oa, e oa.
oo aa je aj ea o, ooo
oe oa, oj je oe e oeee oae ao
aa 1932. o, ,
a oo aee, aee, oaje oo e oaa
ae. oea aa aea o aa, oe a e oa a
ooo ae ojea , a a aaa, oja a
oe, aj oaea oeo ea. oe ea eaa
oa oe jaa o aoaa aa, je oeeje
ea (aj) o, oea eaa
aoa (Meae , M. t l., 2009) eae aje eee
( , ., 2014.).

2.
o oje oe ea oaa e o ee
aao o ee Moe, e ee cca 20 000 ha, e
ae oe ee ae. Oaj eo ao ea ae je ea aa
o jo e 82 oe, oj j oja o a
oa, eo e oa a eo oaje oe oaa, j o
j ooaja ae.
118

3-4

 a oa aoe e a cca 620 mm aaa ,

a ajao ao aa e ooa ea (aaaj
eo 82% oe), oja e oao aeaj oe ajee
aa aa ( , . t l., 2008). oe e aaj
ae jee o ee Moe a e o ae ae
a ao. o e aae e e e ae: Moo
eo. aa e ae Moo a
e jee: aao - oa - ae - aaoa - e (J
2701); eeaa - ao - aaa (J 2702); aa - Maoa (J 2703);
aoa - oa (J 2704); a - eaa - (J 2705);
aeo - o (J 2706) aa (J 2725). e eo o oja
(oe oaee oao aaa) aa e a
eea, eoeo a, o ao a oo o
oo e o ae o oo ea o ea, oj je, oee
ao aa, aa, e ee . ea o eoea
oe ea aa je a 1.

1. e oe e
(: . , 2013)
Figure 1. Pedunculate oak forests in Gornji Srem
(photo: V. Nikoli, 2013)

aae ea oa a a aa aa oe
e oaje e eoo oaj ja (). Oa eo
e aa a ee oaaa aajo eooo aoa - ae
e, aee oa oe oa a, a o oae,
jeoea oaa, e 6-7m. oe aeee o
oaa oa ao ( aaeo, oe e) a o
ee ae. e oa, a oa, oaea oea oa a
oj eea oea aaa oeooje, eooje,
oeooje, oaooje, eoooje, ajea a, aa,
-, 2014.

119

aaa aoaa aa .
a oo oj oaee 102 jeoeae oe, e
6-7 m oje oaoae e oaaa oa (), (II-II,
III-III i IV-IV) ao a o ae jea (I-I) ao a , a o
aaea o oe ee ( 2). oe oa a ooj aoj
oaeo je ee oe oa a oja e , oe oa oe
oa eea eoo aae, , ,
, , ao ae eeaje.
oa o e o oe oa, e,
eeaj e aj aoaoj, a, ooo
eoaa aae ee oaj aeao a aj
a a a je, ooo , o oe oa, oj
aae ojee oaee.
o a aaa o aa a J a - ea

a - a oe oo a e oe oa a e
aaee oe 2010. (eo aa) 2012. (eo a)
oa, o je ee aa aa jaea, aao eo oaaa
oae oee e.

2. -oaj o o e ( 2010)
Figure 2. Map - sample plot profiles and MU `Gornji Srem`(GIS 2010)

3.
Aaa ea aea oeo je aea a J (2705) a
- eaa - , oja aaa o 3.552.81 ha, a 63 oeea,
722 oea 288 a. ooae oe ae jee
e e o 190452 o 191246 oe eoae e o 445303
o 445809 eee eoae e. aoj je
aee aee ee 10, 17 84, o oj je ajea 10 (2856.39a).
120

3-4

eoaj e je 112 (VI/3)- aa, aa jaea a

eoao oo (Carpino-Fraxino-Quercetum roboris caricetosum
remotae) a a o ea a aa (eej
ea) eao oj ( , . t l., 2008). aje
a aee eo aoja, a ajaeja a ea je
a a (a 3). ooj aoj je aee aee
ee 10, 17 84, o oj je ajea 10 (2856.39 ha) ooa eo ea ( , 2004-2014).

3. aoja aa J a - eaa -
(: . 2004-2014)
Figure 3. Stand map of the MU Vinina- eravinac-Puk
(source: forest management plan for 2004-2014)

oo e aje eo J a - eaa - aa o
ae aa, aee o oaa ae, , oaje
a e e ajee aeaj aao oeo oo,
ja a je o eoe aje ooaja ae.
a oajoj j () II-II aaa
jeoe a oaea P-17 P-21 a aae a (2010.)
(2012.) o, 2. 2010. , o oe
P-17, eeaoo eo, ee e o aa eo, oo 0,5
m, ( j j), o a, oo 2,5 m ( ee), a a ao
oa, o eeeo oa (2,0 m), eo aa. 2012.
3,90 4,50 m ( 1).
oae P-21 a a e eaa oa oee oe eeaoo eo 2010. o e e eo aae a
eeeo oa (oa oeoo e), o ooe aja o
-, 2014.

121

ooe aa. oj 2012. o, o oe oa ee e,

oo ee oe, a aeo e aa, o eeee , o 4,0 4,5m, o aao oeaa oe oeoo e
( 2).

Pijezometar P-17
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII VIII

IX

XI

XII

0.00
-1.00
-2.00
-3.00

2010
2012

-4.00
-5.00

1. jeoea P-17 P-21, J a - eaa - (:

)
Diagram 1. Piezometer P-17 and P-21, MU Vinina - eravinac - Puk (source: original)

2. jeoea P-17 P-21, J a - eaa -

(: )
Diagram 2. Piezometer P-17 and P-21, MU Vinina - eravinac - Puk (source: original)

oe oaa aa e a, a oeeaj ea oo
aea aaj o a aaa ea oa a eaa
122

3-4

oje eeja, ooo, ooaaa e ae, aoo ea ( 4). aj a J a - eaa

- aoae a eo 21 km 60 km e ea ea
aa, e e e aea oa ooa oa a aaao
oo.
a, aoo ea, ojo ojo eee
oo oeo oae, o je aoo aajo ooa
oa oeea ao ea, (e , . et al., 2011). Eee
ooaaa e ee, aa o, eo oj ajea
e ooaaj ooa oa (ea o . et al., 2012.), oj
oeej eae oe oe ao a, e aaae
aaj ojee oooaje (a oja e a), ee
eaj ae eeje, ooe ae oaa oo jaea
a ( , . t l., 2002).

4.
J a - eaa - Moo
(: 2004-2014)
Figure 4. A map of network of paved and unpaved roads in the
MU Vinina - eravinac - Puk F Morovi
(source: Forest management plan for 2004-2014)

oe oa, eooja ae ea a o ooo e

oaa ooaaj ee jeo oe oja a, oj ee
-, 2014.

123

oe aoe aaee ooe, o ee aj

oe oa aa eaee oaee oaee a aje
o oo oe oa ( , . et al., 2010).

5. a oo aaa Moo -
(: . , 2010)
Figure 5. The road network with drainage canals in F Morovi - Gornji Srem
(photo: V. Nikoli, 2013)

ee a a oj Moo oe e aea a oo
eeja o aaoj oa a eo o 2007. o 2013. o, a a
o jae, ae 1. aeeoj ae a oa o
o, ae, oj aaa ee ea, ooo oaeoj
ae aaa o je oe, a ea .
Aao aoo oaaa oaa e ea oeo aa
aa oo a o jae. Te e eeo
ea aa aje je oaea J 2703, a 37,42 m/ha, e
eo dg=37 cm oo aaeo o oeo cca 1.119 ha.
eae eo ae aaa ooj ( aa
Maoa) aa e ee ajee ea oe eoo
aoaa ( ,
o). ajae je oea J-2701, a 7,66 m/ha
e eo dg=30 cm, oe ea eea a
o cca 440 ha.
oeo aaaa J2705, a-eaa-, a 16,38m/ha,
e eo dg= 41cm oo a ojoj je aeeeo ee
cca 1.480 ha, a je oe oja o ee ea aa
aa. ajee ee jaea, a oj Moo, aeeeo je
ooj , o 2,36 m/ha, a e eo dg =
32cm aaeo oo cca 3.490 ha (aea 1).

124

3-4

aea 1. ee aae oae Moo (2007.-2013) (:

)
Table 1. Overview of tree marking for santation felling in F Morovi (source:
original)
oa

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

aae ee (m *10 )

5,669

22,475

11,411

16,512

17,785

11,502

16249

a a ee (m *10 )

38,090

51,612

39,951

43,253

46,110

40,674

42,060

14,9

43,5

28,6

38,2

38,6

28,3

38,6

Taea 2. ee aoa ea ee aa (aa) ea

(2007-2013) (: )
Table 2. Overview of the planned felling operations and the share of unplanned
(sanitation) felling (2007-2013) (source: original)
J

oaea
oa

ds

ee
ea
3 (o)

ee
ea
4 (o)

m/ha

o
jae
(m)

ds

2701

441,44

3382,36

30

1015

1372

7,66

8,03

27

14

0,02

2702

587,11

9099,18

28

1160

6603

15,50

962,8

29

425

941

1,64

2703

1118,73

41862,14

37

1821

23591

37,42

1687,61

31

292

1538

1,51

2704

985,91

14528,37

40

1246

5731

14,74

2237,27

30

641

2089

2,27

2705

1481,47

24267,43

41

2871

6794

16,38

3492,45

32

932

1798

2,36

2706

233,56

6000,29

34

204

2702

25,69

427,23

35

26

234

1,83

2725

18,45

71,72

32

25

27

3,89

29,5

23

31

21

1,60

4866,67

99211,59

35

8342

46820

20,39

8844,89

30

2352

6635

1,82

ee
ee
ea ea
3 (o) 4 (o)

m/ha

o ao ea aa ae 2, 3.
eoa aa oo aa eo ea, oj e ee
aaa o 14,9% ( 2007. ) o 43,5 % ( 2008. ), a
oeo 32,57% aaao eo 2007-2013. oe. a
3 aao je ee oae a o a jeaa m/ha,
a eo 2007-2013. oa.
a oo oaaa aee 2. jaaa 3, a a eo
ee aa (aa) ea ( 3 4
) o aoa a oaa eo (20072013. ), eaa oeaaj ooo o eaaje
aa aoa oo eajo oao, aj
oae ee eo, ao aaoae ae ae oee a
eaaj oa (ea) ea. oe oa, oaea aa
aa ao aj a oe , oo
-, 2014.

125

a aa e ao ea oo eaa, o o
aoaa eaa ee aje e.

3. aa ea Moo a eo 2007-2013.
o (: )
Diagram 3. The share of the total sanitation felling in the F Morovi for the period
2007-2013 (source: original)

Taea 3. oea a aa aa aa
oo eaa (2007-2013.) (: )
Table 3. Assortment structure of the pedunculate oak in the sanitation and
regeneration felling (2007-2013) (source: original)
A

II

III

ooa
(m)

TEO OTOO

MA

7954,02

3352,12

6250,39

6600,83

9664,71

33830,48

12795,65

46626,13

aaa
(m)

1124,01

1126,13

2341,52

3900,68

8914,16

17406,5

43515,95

60922,45

ooa
( %)

24

10

18

20

29

73

27

100

aaa
(%)

13

22

51

29

71

100

a oo oaaa eoe aee oe e o a je aa

eaa ee eo ea 29 % oo a ooe ee e je ee
eo ea 73%, aoe a e ee ajej,
aa.

4.

,
126

3-4


, :
-
,
, ,
, ,
;
- , ,
,
,

;
- ,
( ),
, .
, , ,
,
,
( ) 59,5%.
, ,

;
-
,
;
- P-17 P-21, II-II, 2012.
,
(2,0 m), 4,0 5,0 m.
2010. ,
;
- , ,
, ,
. ,
,
, .
, , ,
;
-
,
,
,

.

-, 2014.

127


ea, . (1974): jeaj e oaje oa oe oa a ee aa
aa.Eejo ae ee aa aa, ao a aaa
a aoa aea ae, .22.
Joao, ., jea, . (2008): e oeoe ao ea, Mooaja 250
oa aa ao ea, J ojoae eoaa, eoaa
Leti Lj., Nikoli V., Savi R. (2011): Lnd Managment in inudation area of the River Sava.
2nd International Symposium Food safety production, proceeding, Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 19 25 June, 2011, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Faculty of Agriculture (494-496)
, ., , ., ea, ., ., . (2011.):
2010. .
. , . .
, ., , ., ., , . (2013.):
2012. .
. , . .
, . (2014): ,
,
Meae, M., ao, ., eo, ., Ajao, . (2009): oe ea
a oe e. ao, o. 61, . 3-4
, ., e, ., o, ., o, . (2010): oa oaa
ea oa oe oa a a aa aa ao e, a
ao aea eoa, 2010, . 101
a, A., , . (1989): a aaa aa aa ao ao a
ojea, a. a . oe 25, ae, . 79-94.
, . (1976): eaae aa aa aa (Quercus robur L.) a aa
aa a ae jee ao. a 3-4. 117-123
eao ., Moao ., To, . (2012): o o oo ea ao
ee ea eo a oe ooa J jae, ao 3-4.
. . .153-161.
oo, M., e, . (2002): Meee oa oe oa a oj .. ea
Moa oo 2000-2001, a ao aea . 86.
. eoa
(2004): oea ooa a aoae aa - J a-eaa- (01.01.200431.12.2013. o.). ea Moa. ea Moa

(2004-2014.):
,
, .

128

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EFFECTS OF RECLAMATION WORKS ON THE STATE OF PEDUNCULATE OAK FORESTS

IN RAVNI SREM
Ljubomir Leti
Radovan Savi
Vesna Nikoli
Radoslav Lozjanin
Summary
This paper presents the research on causal relationships between pedunculate oak dieback and
reclamation and other interventions which influenced by anthropogenic and climatic factors alter
site conditions of hygrophilous species in the lower course of the river Sava. The research covered
the area of Gornji Srem, which has been protected from the flood waters of the river Sava since
1932, when an earthen embankment was established, so that there is a communication between the
groundwater and the river Sava at a time of high water. Without the flood water, pedunculate oak
forests obtain the necessary moisture from precipitation and groundwater aquifers. Groundwater
fluctuations were measured through a network of piezometers installed in selected profiles. (sample
plot lines-SPL). Three profiles were set perpendicular to the river Sava and one parallel to the river
course. This paper analyzed two study years, a wet (2010) and a dry one (2012), in which we measured the ability of the root system of oak and ash to use groundwater. The analyses showed that the
root systems could use the moisture from the groundwater in much of the vegetation period of the
wet year, but not in the dry year. This study was used as an indicator of the theory of stress, according to which the process of dieback makes plants physiologically weaker and susceptible to the attack
of secondary agents. The process of dieback was studied on the basis of data of the FA`Morovi`,
where the unplanned yields from declined trees were recorded for the period 2007 to 2013, in the
corresponding management units, but with a special emphasis on the MU Vinina- eravinac-Puk.
The intensity of unplanned yields average 32.6% for all management units, which entails an increasing volume of unplanned work and hamper forest management planning. In addition, if we take into
account the assortment structure, which is very unfavorable compared to the planned fellings, the
dieback process points to very unfavorable economic indicators, as the financial effect of the pedunculate oak is reduced to 59.5%. (Lozjanin, R., 2014). Preliminary indicators stress forest dieback as
one of the most important factors in the planning of sustainable forest management.

-, 2014.

129

130

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