qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 125-128

mzia TadumaZe

sabWouri debulebebis uaryofa da

,,drois xarki" mixeil javaxiSvilis
publicistikaSi

mdidari da mravalferovania mixeil javaxiSvilis SemoqmedebiTi

memkvidreoba. amouwuravia misi SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebi. Rrma da
TavisTavadia mwerlis mxatvrul-esTetikuri samyaro. naTeli da
gamorCeulia misi adamianuri yofierebis wesi, misi cxovrebis sazrisi.
yvelaze wminda Rirebulebebma gansazRvra misi cxovreba, misca mas didi
sulieri energia. yvelaferma erTad ki Seqmna genialuri Semoqmedi.
qarTuli literaturis istoria mixeil javaxiSvils icnobs
upirvelesad rogorc biletrists, qarTuli sityvieri xelovnebis ostats.
magram igi amavdroulad SesaniSnavi publicisti, siRrmiseulad moazrovne
da maxvilsityviani kritikosic iyo. am sferos man sakmaod didi dro da
energia Sealia.
rTul viTarebaSi mouxda cxovreba mwerals. XX saukunis dasawyisis
mSfoTvare movlenebma, revoluciuri brZolebis Sedegad qveyanaSi
Seqmnilma mdgomareobam qarTuli sazogadoebis moazrovne nawili dilemis
winaSe daayena. maT unda uareyoT erovnuli mwerlobis tradiciebi da
gaeTavisebinaT sruliad axali, maTTvis uCveulo da ucxo Sexedulebebi.
am dramatuli movlenebis fonze gamoikveTa mebrZoli mwerlebis saxeebi,
romlebic sicocxlis fasadac ki cdilobdnen TviTmyofadobis,
TavisTavadobis SenarCunebas, erovnuli da zneobrivi idealebis gadarCenas.
rTulma epoqalurma mdgomareobam, qveynis interesebisTvis brZolis
Segnebam miiyvana mixeil javaxiSvili im gadawyvetilebamde, rom
SemoqmedebiTi gzis gariJraJze gverdiT gadaedo mwerlis kalami da mTeli
arsebiT qveynis yvelaze mtkivneul da sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis
problemebs SesWideboda. am saqmes didi sulieri simtkice da uryevoba
sWirdeboda. am mxriv mweralma gasaocari gambedaoba gamoiCina. ,,imxanad
mxatvruli sityvis araerTma ostatma mimarTa farTo publicistur Janrs
da cxoveli daintereseba gamoiCina erovnuli problematikiT. es iyo
qarTuli mwerlobis erovnul-patriotuli movaleobis axali gamovlena,
eris interesebis sadarajoze fxizeli dgoma" (a. nikoleiSvili, 1992).
XX saukunis 10-20-iani da Semdgomi wlebis perioduli presis gacnoba
sakmao safuZvels gvaZlevs gamovyoT mixeil javaxiSvilis publicistur
moRvaweobaSi ori nakadi _ werilebi 20-ian wlebamde da saqarTvelos
gasabWoebis Semdeg. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian rogorc Tematur-
problemuri TvalsazrisiT, ise raodenobis mxrivac. aseTi sxvaoba
movlenaTa mniSvnelovanma cvlilebebma ganapiroba.
 mixeil javaxiSvilis adrindeli publicistika uaRresad sainteresoa.
saukunis dasawyisSi Zveli ideebisa da Sexedulebebis gadafasebam da
axleburad azrovnebis SesaZleblobam niWier mwerals erTmaneTis
miyolebiT Seaqmnevina iseTi sagazeTo publikaciebi, romlebSic
imdroindeli aqtualuri problemebia gansjil-Sefasebuli. maTi avtoris
interesebis sfero aSkarad SemousazRvravia. publicisti erTnairi
interesiT aSuqebs erovnul politikas Tu mZime socialur cxovrebas,
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sakiTxebs Tu ucxo saxelmwifoTa mdgomareobas,
msoflio kataklizmebs Tu qarTul enasTan, TeatrTan dakavSirebul
problemebs. myari erovnuli da politikuri Sexedulebis mqone mwerali
TiToeul maTganSi Riad, mkafiod afiqsirebs Tavis pozicias, ar malavs
erovnul mrwamss.
samwuxarod, 20-iani wlebis Semdeg Seqmnil publikaciebs naklebad
etyoba amgvari SemarTeba. mizezi cxadi da naTelia. mixeil javaxiSvils da
zogadad sazogadoebis moazrovne nawils daJinebiT Txovdnen qveynis
socialistur gardaqmnaSi aqtiur monawileobas, maTi ideologiis
uyoymanod miRebas, manamde arsebuli msoflmxedvelobis kategoriulad
Secvlas, rac sakmaod rTuli saqme iyo. Zneli misaRebi aRmoCnda igi
mixeil javaxiSvilisTvisac.
niSandoblivia is faqtic, rom 1923 wlidan mixeil javaxiSvili
,,namdvil mwerlobas" daubrunda da gasaocari ZalisxmeviT Seudga Tavisi
didi Semoqmedebis Seqmnas. is wlebi, romelic uxvi iyo mxatvruli
moRvaweobis TvalsazrisiT, dumilis wlebad aris miCneuli Jurnalisturi
saqmianobis mxriv. Tumca ,,dumilis wlebi" mTlad unayofo ar yofila.
mwerali TanamSromlobda sxvadasxva Jurnal-gazeTebSi, beWdavda
recenziebs, publikaciebs, monawileobda mZafr polemikur gamosvlebSi. da
mainc, 20-30-ian wlebSi daweril sagazeTo werilebSi naklebad igrZnoba
adrindeli SemarTeba, cecxlovaneba. masalebis umravlesoba aSkarad
erTsaxovania da moqceulia ideologiur CarCoebSi. miuxedavad amisa,
niWieri Semoqmedis Rirsebis maCvenebelia is, rom zogjer mwerali ar
niRbavs sakuTar Sexedulebebs da Cveuli pirdapirobiT afiqsirebs saR
azrs.
mwerlis qaliSvili _ qeTevan javaxiSvili araerTgzis miuTiTebs, rom
,,cixeebsa da gadasaxlebebSi yofnam aiZula igi axali cxovrebisaTvis
angariSi gaewia da drois moTxovnebs dahyoloda. ufro TavSekavebuli
gaxda erovnuli grZnobebis gamJRavnebis dros. magram advili ar aRmoCnda
sisxlSi gamjdari ideebisa da azrebis iolad daTmoba. me vfiqrob, wlebis
manZilze didad ar Secvlila misi sulieri samyaro. Cemi azriT yvelaferi
isev ise darCa.
,,drois xarki" _ SeiZleba ase vuwodoT socialisturi ideologiT
STagonebul werilebs: ,,14 weliwadi", ,,axali mijna", ,,diadi epoqa",
,,CavdgeT socializmis mSenebelTa rigebSi", ,,yvelaze ufro srulyofili
demokratia" da a.S. aRniSnul publicistur masalebSi SeuZlebelia
davinaxoT maTi avtoris namdvili saxe. da Tu mainc iwereboda xotbad
aRvlenili striqonebi, aman ar unda dagvabnios. sxvanairad SeuZlebeli
iyo Tavis gadarCena. ubralod, SeuZlebeli iyo cxovreba. ,,aris dro,
roca mTeli eri miecema sasowarkveTilebas, aRaravis sjera
samarTlianobis, keTilsindisierebis da mxolod sakuTar tyavs
ufrTxildeba. aseTia komunisturi diqtaturis epoqa. am epoqaSi
gabatonebulma literaturis partiulobis principma Camoayaliba mwerlis
axali tipi _ mwerali flugeri, romelic politikuri qaris
mimarTulebiT trialebs da cxovrobs deviziT _ aba, Cemo manaseo, xan ise
da xan aseo" (a. baqraZe, 1990).
maSindel epoqaSi bevrma mweralma Seasrula e.w. ,,mwerali-flugeris"
roli. mixeil javaxiSvilma ver SeZlo politikuri qaris mimarTulebiT
triali. ecada sicocxlis SenarCunebis mizniT, magram ar gamouvida. mis
ubis wignakSi Caweril sityvebs mivadevnoT Tvali: ,,revolucia CemTvis
saSineli tragediaa, vinaidan Cems Tvalwin kvdeba Cemi qveyana_deda.
zogisTvis ki es uzenaesi sixarulia, vinaidan ibadeba Svili_axali qveyana.
amitomac aris mgloviared guSindeli poeti, amitomac xarxarebs
guSindeli Wabuki_komkavSireli. sjobda, an ufro adre gavCeniliyav, an
ufro gvian..."
30-ian wlebSi xelisuflebis daJinebul moTxovnas _ revoluciis
Tanamgzavrobis principis dacvas mixeil javaxiSvili ase gamoexmaura: ,,is,
vinc dRes cxovrobs, mas aucileblad unda axasiaTebdes Tanadrouloba.
servantesi, Seqspiri, goeTe da mravali sxva didi mwerali didni arian
imitom, rom yoveli maTgani Tanadrouli iyo Tavisi epoqisaTvis. visac es
ar axasiaTebs, is saxels ver moixveWs, yovel SemTxvevaSi Tavis droSi ver
ipovis saxes."
sxva sagazeTo werilSi mwerali aRniSnavs: ,,me momxre viyavi cnobili
,,distanciis" Teoriis, romelic gulisxmobda mwerlis daSorebis
aucileblobas Tanamedrove Temebidan."
romel werilzea avtori zneobrivad pasuxismgebeli? Tu kargad
davukvirdebiT aRniSnul frazebs, iolad SevamCnevT mwerlis SexedulebaTa
arasworxazobriobas, arsebuli xelisuflebisadmi Sefarul ironias. am
nawyvetebidan kargad Cans, romelia mwerlis gulidan wamosuli sityvebi da
romeli misi principebisTvis miuRebeli.
nebismieri mwerlis publicistika yovelTvis aris Ria an faruli.
mixeil javaxiSvili Tavisi moRvaweobis adreul periodSi Ria, mebrZoli
publicistis nimuSi iyo. mogvianebiT Seqmnil sagazeTo werilebSi misi
brZola garkveuli poziciis mosazrebis dasamkvidreblad farulia,
ganpirobebulia maSindeli ideologiuri wnexis zemoqmedebiT. Tumca
maTSi mainc Seicnoba mwerlis namdvili saxe.
mixeil javaxiSvilis publicistikas dResac ar daukargavs aqtualoba
da interesi. samwuxarod, farTo sazogadoebisTvis isini TiTqmis ucnobia.
mwerlis rCeul TxzulebaTa VI tomSi saerTod ar aris 1915-1920 wlebSi
Seqmnili publicisturi masalebi. isini sxvadasxva periodul gamocemaTa
furclebzea gabneuli. samagierod, masSi uxvadaa Tavmoyrili mogvianebiT
dawerili publikaciebi: ,,CavdgeT socializmis wina rigebSi", ,,oqtombris
wignis axali furceli" da mravali sxva.
 damowmebuli literatura

a. baqraZe, 1990 - a. baqraZe, mwerlobis moTviniereba, 1990.

a. nikoleiSvili, 1992 - a. nikoleiSvili, m. javaxiSvilis
publicistika 1917-920 wlebSi, Jurn. ganTiadi, #9-10, 1992.
Jurn. ,,proletaruli mwerloba", #5-6, 1932.
,,saliteraturo gazeTi", #16, 1932.
q. javaxiSvili, 1989 - q. javaxiSvili, m. javaxiSvili beletristi,
publicisti, Jurnalisti, 1989.

MZIA TADUMADZE

REJECTION OF THE SOVIET STATEMENTS AND

THE DEMAND OF TIME IN MIKHEIL JAVAKHISHVILI’S
PUBLICISTIC PAPERS

Mikheil Javakhishvili occupies important place in the history of the social thought
of 20th century Georgia. He created most of his masterpieces in the most turbulent years
of the country. Naturally enough complex problems characterized of this epoch found
their reflection in his social and political papers and essays. There is hardly any actual
question of the period that M.Javakhishvili did not deal with. In fact, the discussion of the
social and political problems that had been judged by such a great thinker means that we
should reconsider those questions to find answers for modern problems that in some way
or another resemble the old ones and are distinguished with great influential forces.
Mikheil Javakhishvili was the man of strong standards of values and developed his
artistic principles in accordance with his worldviews. He had to work in the compounded
atmosphere saturated with political and revolutionary struggles. However, he could not
reconcile his social and political creed with the revolutionary life that would have meant
the digression from his philosophy of the social development. His publicistic words had
only one course: to serve for the country and his people. His newspaper articles,
severe criticism of the government, and fearless speeches that divulged the hapless
existence of his fellow countrymen and the reasons inflicting their conditions, daring
exposure of the problems led his life to the tragic end of the Soviet purge. Together with
his literary masterpieces Mikheil Javakhishvili’s publicistic works is the part of his
legacy that is destined to eternal life.