Experiment 4

TOTAL SOLID

Settleable
solids

Imhoff cone

Samples

Filter paper

Fibre glass
filter (
2.0m)

Drying Oven (at

103C - 105C)

Total solids
(TS)

Dissolved
Solid

Drying Oven (at

180C 2C)

Suspended
solids (SS)

Dissolved solids
(DS)

Muffle furnace
(at
500C 50C)
Volatile
suspended
solids (VSS)

Microwave (at
103C - 105C)

Muffle furnace
(at
500C 50C)
Fixed
suspended
solids (FSS)

Volatile
dissolved solids
(VDS)

Total volatile solids

TVS = VSS + VDS

Fixed dissolved
solids (FDS)

Total fixed solids

TFS = FSS + FDS

Total solids (TS)

EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL

i.
ii.
iii.
v.
vi.
vii.
x.
xi.
xii.

Porcelain evaporating dishes (100 ml)

Muffle furnace for operating at 500C 50C
Desicator
Drying oven (105C and 180C)
Analytical balance
Pipet
Beaker
Tweezer/forceps and tongs
Filtration unit

Procedure

1.

Total Solid Determination

2.

Total Suspended Solid Determination

3.

Total Dissolved Solid Determination

4.

Total Volatile Solid Determination

1.

Total Solid Determination

1 hour or until the

sample is
TOTALLY dried

10 ml sample
Drying Oven (105C)

2.

Total Suspended Solid Determination

Sample (5-10 ml)

Rinse all filtration
unit/apparatus
using distilled water

Wet the filter with a small

volume of reagent-grade
water to seat it.
Minimize the contact of
sample to glass funnel
surface.

Rinse with small amount

of distilled water after
filtering

1 hour

Drying Oven (105C)

3.

Total Dissolved Solid Determination

Evaporating dish

1 hour or until the

sample is
TOTALLY dried

Furnace (180C)

4.

Total Volatile Solid Determination

2.Total Suspended Solid Determination

1 hour

3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

Furnace (500C)


Heated samples and beakers, or weighing dish, are cooled in a
desiccator to prevent the sample or beaker from gathering moisture as it
cools.

If a sample is allowed to cool in the open air of the laboratory, it will

absorb water from the air.

This added water weight will give an incorrect measurement.

Weighing the sample while it is hot also will cause inaccurate

measurements because as the sample cools, the weight fluctuates.