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Babylonian business
documents of (the classical
period

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Transliterations of Selected Texts

Xo.

5.

nam-he

wardam

sag

sin-ma-gir nui-n[i-ini| warad bal-niu-nam-he ki l)al-mu-

''

ka-sha

"'

lugal-a-ni-ir

nu-mush-da ad-da-ni u ta-ri-ba-a-tum

''

(line erased) shu-ni-a-ni shu-ba-an-ti

'"

""-'''''

''

siii-nia-gir

nu-mush-da ad-da-ni
ta-ri-ba-a-tuni ama-a-ni
^'
ba-an-tum-mu
mahar &c.

''

One

slave, Sin-ma-gir

c-ni u gish-shar-ni

'"

ama-a-ni

'" '"

ka-sha-

bal-mu-nam-he

by name, the slave of llalmunamhe, from Ilalmunamhe his

owner, Ka-sha-nu-mush-da his father, and Ta-ri-ba-a-tum

(Should) Sin-ma-gir run away,

in charge.

u-gu-ba-an-de

(say) their house and their garden shall

liis

mother, have taken him

his father,

Balmunamhe

mother

his

take in possession.

Witnesses

and date follow.)

Xo.

16.

mu-nam-he

wardam

sag

"^

lugal-a-ni-ir

i-li-i-din-nam mu-ni-i[m]

ha-zi-rum u

'"

'^*

a-ni ba- (error for shu-ba) -an-ti

am

kab-ta-am [u] ra-bi-a-am

''

^^

in-na-ab-bi-it
-^

i-shi-i

[i]

warad bal-mu-nam-he

shamash-ga-mil shim

ki

bal-

-|-gar?) shu-ni-

I'l-da-ap-pa-ar ip-pa-ra-ku e-gal-

ma-na ka[spim]

n]i-lal-e-ne

[mahar] &c.

is similar in nature to No. 5.

But the terms are expressed more
Semitic to the effect that " should the slave flee, be captured, interned or
Xo. 22
enter the palace, adytum or prefecture they will pay one mana of silver."

This document

largely

in

specifies the casualties

even more

for palace in Nos. 22, 24, 28,

We

fully.

note that e-gal the uninflected Sumerian

Nos. 16 and

in

is

inflected as a Semitic noun.

ki bal-mu-nam-he
mu-ni-im warad lial-mu-nam-lie
'"
gimil- mar-tu lu-ku '" hu-na-ba-tum dam-a- [ni] u
e gimilmar-tu shu-ni-a-ni shu-ba-an-ti '"'"'^ ^" e-gal kab-ta-am e-sal i-shi-i-ma ma'" '"
ha-ziha-a u-gu-ba-an-de na-ak-rum i-li-iq-qi-e-su-u-ma ur-mah i-da-ak-shu-u-ma
'"
rum lu-ku " gimil- mar-tu lu-ku hu-na-ba-tum dam-a-ni i\ e gimil- mar-tu i ma-na

\o.

22.

"

lugal-a-ni-ir

"'

'"

''

shamash-ra-bi

ha-zi-ru-um lu-ku

''

''

''

''

kaspim

-"

Xo.

ni-la!-e-ne

24.

mahar

&c.

" tab-lni-ul-zu-za
'

lugal-a-ni-ir

"

'^

mu-ni-im warad

sin-ub-lam lu-ku shu-ni-a-ni

bal-mu-nam-he ki bal-mu-nam-he
shu-ba-an-ti ma-ha-a I'l-gu-ba-an-de

k-rum

'"ur-mah i-ik-ka-al-shu n[a-a]

mahar &c.
[ma-na] kaspim ni-lal-e

e-gal kab-ta-am e-sal i-shi-hi-i-ma

shu-i'i-ma

Xo.
^

27.

''

sin-ub-lam

ash-shum

eqlim-' sha

sin-ga-mil ip-qu-ur-ma

''

^ sin

mar

''

'"

shi-ip-

sin-ga-mil

*''

'^

sin

mar

i-na e

''

sin-ga-mil

''

''

''

nin-mar-ki

sin-ga-mil

mil a-bi-ia ish-tu

'"

shi-ip-

pi-ir-hu-um

a-na e

daiane

"""^

''

sin

''

nin-mar-ki

di-nam

mar
[it]-

u-sha-hi-zu-

a-na ni-ish ilum id-di-nu-u-ma

nin-mar-ki ki-a-am iz-ku-ur

an-nu-um sha " pi-ir-hu-um

^

'"

nin-ib-ni-shu im-hu-ru-u-ma

ru-( ?)du-( ?)ni-shu-nu-ti-i-ma i-na e

shu-nu-ti-i-ma

i-li-iq-qi-

'''

um-ma shu-u-ma

'"

shi-ip-

eqlum-'"'"

'-"
sin-gaip-qu-ra - an-ni( ?) la a-shag-shu ba-zu-shu-ma
-''
mahar &c.
sin-ga-mil a-bi lu-u sa-bi-it
sin-i-din-nam lugal "
''

''

In the law-case concerning the field of Singamil where conflicting claims were put
by Pirluim and by Ship-Sin, the son of Singamil, Ninibnishu appeared. They car-

in

ried the case up to the temple of Nin-mar-ki.

At the temple of Nin-mar-ki the
judges admitted the case to judgment. Ship-Sin swore by the divinity. Ship-Sin, the
son of Singamil, at the temple of Nin-mar-ki himself made solemn oath. " This field

which Pirhum and

to

my

I lay claim
it is not his field.
It was the property of Singamil,
Since the time of Sinidinnam the king verily Singamil my father held it."

father.

Ship Sin, the defendant in this document, appeared before the court ten years later
another dispute about real estate which is described in No. 56.
Ninibnishu in this

in

and Ubar Shamash in the other appeared for the defendant. (Syllables 3 and 4 in
lines 8 of Xo. 27 and 10 of Xo. 56 are uncertain, though it is apparent what the scribe
meant.)

ni-ir

No. 28. "' il-lu-lum mu-ni-im warad bal-mu-nam-he ki bal-mu-nam-he lugal-a= lu-ush-ta-mar u ha-am-ba
nin-de shu-ni-a-ni shu-ba-an-ti-"""* e-gal kab-ta-am

l>i-it-sal

'"
ma-lia-a u-gu-ba-an-de
na-ak-rum
lu-iish-ta-mar u ha-am-ba nin-de ^^

i-shi-i-ma

i-da-ak-shu-u-ma

i-li-iq-qi-e-shu-ma
I

ma-na kaspim

ur-mah

ni-lal-e-ne

nialiar &c.

No. 56.
'"
''

sin-erish

shamash

'"'*

sha e

ash-shum

shi-ip-

''

sin ki

''

.sin-ga-mil a-bi-shu i-sha-mu i-ta-mu

um-ma shu-u-ma kaspum u-ul gu-mu-ra " u-barim-hu-rn-u-ma [a-n]a e ''nin-mar-ki '" it-ru-da-ash-shu-nu-ti-ma di-kud" shi-ip- ^ sin a-na ni-ish
nin-mar-ki di-nam u-sha-hi-zu-shu-nu-ti-ma
^

''

ilum id-di-nu-u-ma

um-ma shu-ma
kn

e sha

ip-ku-ur-shu-ma

'''

'"

shi-ip-

'^

su-nu-uk e sha i-sha-mu il-ki-e-ma ki-a-am iz-kur

-" an-ni-im kaspam ga-am-ra-am lu na-ad-na-

sin

su-nu-uk-ki-im

ta-pi-i

zi-it-tuni e-Ii-ia la il)-ba-shu-u-ma

-^

mahar

&c.

TR.\x.';r..\Tiox.
Concerning the house which Shi-ip-Sin from Sin-ga-mil his father
swore that he bought. Sin-erish laid claim to it; furthermore he said (that) the
complete price fhad) not (been paid).
Unto
(Then) U-bar-Shamash appeared.
the temple of Nin-mar-ki they sent him.
The judges of the temple of Nin-mar-ki
undertook judgment. Shi-ip-Sin gave oath by the divinity. Shi-ip-Sin a re-measuring of the house (- property) which he bought accepted; furthermore he himself

made

oath (with) the companions of this re-measuring (viz.) " the full price, truly, has
been paid thee; the portion (of the payment) against me does not hold." In the presence of, &c.

No. A. I sag wardam a-na-e-a-tak-la-ku mu-ni-im warad bal-mu-nam-he ki balniu-nam-he lugal-a-ni-ir '""^sin-ga-mil pashish
nin-e-gal shu-ni-a shu-ba-an-ti "a-nae-a-tak-la-ku ma-ha-a u-gu-ba-an-de e-gal-am kab-ta-am "* 11 ra-bi-a-am i-shi-i-ma
''

'"

'

sin-ga-mil

No.

nam-he
ur-mah

B.

ma-na kaspim

mahar &c.

ta]l)-bu-u[l-z]u-za m[u-ni-i]m

lugal-a-ni-ir
iii-ku

ni-lal-e

'

" gimil-

[gimil]
''

mar-tu

''

warad bal-mu-nam-he

ki

bal-mu-

mar-tu shu-ni-a shu-ba-an-ti ma-ha u-gu-ba-an-de

'"

ma-na kaspim

ni-lal-e

mahar

The

interesting variants used in the documents of Bahnuiianihe with reference to

the loan of slaves

may
"

be summarized in the following synopsis

Ki

"

"

"C"

mu-ni-im, warad "

".

" lugal-a-ni-ir

shu-ni-a(-ni) shu-ba-an-ti

Shu-(gar)-tur-lal-bi
I'l-gii-ba-an-de

or

ma

'^esh or esw

(or su or ba)

ha-a

in-na-ab-bi-it

e-gal (-am) kab-ta-am e-sal (-e-ne) or bi-it-sal

u ra-bi-a-am

i-shi- (hi)

-i

or ip-pa-ra-(ak)-ku

ur-mah ni-ku or i-ik-ka-al-shu or i-da-ak-shu-u

na-ak-rum i-li-iq-qi(-e)-shu(-u) or u-da-ap-pa-ar
" C"
mana kaspim ni-lal-e (-ne)

For a fuller treatment with translations, see the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. XXXIV, No. 3, April, 1918, p. 199 tif.

{May, 1919)

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PLEASE

CARDS OR

DO NOT REMOVE

SLIPS

UNIVERSITY

FROM

THIS

OF TORONTO

POCKET

LIBRARY

^.J

Grant, Elihu

>375
G72

Babylonian biosiness
documents of the classical
period