(Voltage Regulator Circuit)

(Voltage Regulator Circuits)

(Unregulator Power
Supply)
1.
2. (ripple)
3.

Unregulated
Power supply

Voltage
Regulator

LOAD

3.1.

3.1




DC 100% 2
3.2

36

regulator
RL

.
3.2

regulator
RL

3.1 (Zener Voltage Regulator)

(Zener Diode)

VB


3.3 3.4
IF

Forword bias
region
Breakdown

VR

VF

Reverse bias
region

IR

3.3

37

3.4.
(Breakdown Characteristics)
3.5
(VZ) (Knee
Point) IZK
(IZM)

Vz

VR

Vzm

Vzt

Vzk
Knee region

Izk

Izt

Iz

Izm
IR

3.5

IZK
IZM IZT (Zener Test Current)
Data Sheet

38

3.1.1 (Zener Diode Equivalent Circuit)

(Ideal) VZ
VZ VZ 3.6 .
(rz )
3.6 . (3.1)
rz =

VZ
I Z

(3.1)
Vz

rz

Vz

. Ideal

Vz

. Practical

Iz

rz =

Vz
I z

3.6
3.1 3.6 . Vz = 50 mV

(3.1)
rZ =

Vz
50 mV
=
= 25
I z
2 mA

I z = 2 mA

3.1.2

(DC power supply) 3.7
( Vin ) ( I Z ) R
( Vout ) Vin VZ
I Z I ZK I ZM Vout

39

3.7.
VZ = 10V
1 k I ZK = 4 mA I ZM = 40 mA
Vin Vout 10 V
I ZK

VR = 4mA 1k = 4 V

I ZM

VR = Vin VZ
Vin = VR + VZ = (4 + 10) V = 14 V
VR = 40mA 1k = 40 V

Vout =

Vin = VR + VZ = (40 + 10) V = 50 V

10 V

Vin =

14V ~ 50V

3.2 ( Vin )

3 . 8 VZ
I ZK = 1 mA , I ZM = 15 mA VZT = 5.1 V I ZT = 8 mA rZ = 10

3.8.

3.8 3.9

40

3.9
3.9

I ZK = 1 mA
Vout = VZT VZ = 5.1 V I Z R Z

= 5.1 V ( 7mA 10 )
=

( 5.1 0.07 ) V

= 5.03 V

Vin (min) = I ZK R + Vout

= (1mA 560 ) + 5.03 V
= 5.59 V

I ZM =

15 mA

Vout = 5.1 V + VZ

= 5.1V + ( 7mA 10 )
=

( 5.1 + 0.07 ) V

= 5.17 V

Vin (max) = I ZM R + Vout

= (15mA 560 ) + 5.17 V
= 13.57 V

13.57 V 5.59 V

3.1.3
( R L )
3.10
( IL )

41

I ZK I ZM
(Load
regulation)

3.10
3.3
3.10 VZ VZ = 12 V I ZK = 3 mA
I ZM = 90 mA R L rZ = 0

3.11

IL(min) =

0 A ; RL =

I Z( max )

= IT = I ZM

I Z( max ) = IT
Vin VZ
R
(24 12) V
=
470
= 25.53 mA
I Z( min ) ( I Z = I ZK )
=

I L( max )

I L( max ) = IT I ZK
=

( 25.53 3)

= 22.53 mA

mA

42

R L
R L( min ) =
=

VZ
I L( max )
12 V
22.53 mA

= 533

3.4 3.12
VZ = 15 V, I ZK = 1 mA, I ZT = 170 mA, I ZM = 560 mA, rZ = 3

. Vout I ZK I ZM
. R
. R L

3.12 3.4

. I ZK =

1 mA

VZ = 15 V I Z rZ

= 15 V ( I ZT I ZK ) rZ
= 15 V (169mA ) ( 3 )
= (15 0.507 ) V

VZ( IZK ) = 14.49 V

I ZM = 560mA
VZ = 15 V + I Z R Z

= 15 V + ( 390mA 3 )

VZ( IZM ) = 16.17 V

. R I ZM (R L = 0 )

43

R=
=

Vin VZ( IZM )

I ZM

( 24 16.17 ) V

560 mA
= 13.98
15

. R L IL I Z ( I Z I ZK )
IT =
=

Vin VZ( IZK )

RL

( 24 14.49 ) V

15
= 634 mA
I L = IT I ZK
=

( 634 1)

mA

= 633 mA

R L
RL =
=

VZ( IZK )
IL
14.49 V
633 mA

= 22.9

3.1.4 (Percent Regulation)

2
3.1.4.1 Line Regulation

Line Regulation =

Vout
100%
Vin

(3.2)

3.1.4.2 Load Regulation

Load Regulation =

VNL VFL
100 %
VFL

(3.3)

44

3.5
Vout = 6 V Vout = 5.82 V Load
Regulation

Load Regulation

=
=

VNL VFL
100%
VFL

( 6 5.82 )

5.82 V
= 3.09 %

100%

3.2 (Transistor Voltage Regulator)

3.2.1

3.13
3.13

VL = VZ + VBE
(3.4)
R S
R S = Vin VL

Vin ( VZ + VBE )
Iin
V VZ VBE
= in
Iin

(3.5)

VBE 0.7 V 0.3 V

VBE = 0

45

VL = VZ
V VZ
R S = in
Iin

(3.6)
(3.7)

(3.6) VL R L
3.2.2
3.14

VL = VZ VBE
(3.8)

IL = IE
=

( + 1) IB

(3.9)
h FE
= Iin I Z

3.14
R1
I Z + IB =

Vin VZ
R1

(3.10)

T1 ( PC )
PC = ( Vin VL ) I L
(3.11)
= ( Vin VL )( Iin I Z )
VL = VZ
(3.12)

(3.12) VL R L

46

3.3


IC IC 3
3

3.3.1
LM723

Data Sheet LM723 LM723 2 TO 100 10 DIP 14 150 mA

10 A
2 V 37 V
LM723C
4
3.15

47

.
3.15 LM723C
1. LM723C
3.16 LM723C
2

3.16 LM723C
- R1 ( Vout , 10)
(INV , 4) R 2
- R 3
( Vref , 6) (NI , 5)

Vout = Vref

R1 + R 2
R2

R1 + R 2 = 10 k

(3.13)
(3.14)

48

R 2 (3.13)

R2 =

( R1 + R 2 )

R3 =

R 1R 2
R1 + R 2

Vref
Vout

(3.15)
(3.16)

CC 100 pF
3.6 LM723C 12 V, 20 mA

18 V 2 Vpp

LM723C 150 mA 20 mA
3.14 Data Sheet IC
Vref 7.15 V (3.14 )
( R1 + R 2 )

R2 =

Vref
Vout

7.15V
= 10 k

12V
= 5.96 k
5.6 k

R1
(10 5.6 ) k

R1 + R 2 = 10 k
R1 =

= 4.4 k
4.3 k

(3.15) R 3
R3 =

R1R 2
R1 + R 2

4.3 k 5.6 k
(4.3 + 5.6) k
= 2.43 k
2.4 k
=

CC 100 pF
3.17

49

3.17 3.6
2. LM723C
3.18 LM723C R1
( Vref , 6) (NI , 5) R 2
R 3

R2
Vout = Vref

R1 + R 2

R1 + R 2 = 10 k

3.18 LM723C
R 2 (3.17)

(3.17)

50

R2 =

(R 1 + R 2 )

V o ut
V ref

(3.18)

R 3 (3.16)
3.7 LM723C 5 V,
12 V

(3.18) R 2
R 2 = (R 1 + R 2 )

V o ut
V ref

5 V
7 .1 5 V
= 6.9 9 k
6.8 k
= 10 k

R1
R1 + R 2 = 10 k

R1 = (10 6.8 ) k
= 3.2 k
3 k

R 3 (3.16)
R3 =
=

R 1R 2
R1 + R 2
6.8 k 3 k
( 6.8 + 3) k

= 2.08 k
2.2 k
CC 100 pF

3.19

20 mA

51

3.19 3.7
3.3.2 3
3 MC78xx MC79xx
78xx 79xx xx
MC7805 MC78xx 5 V
MC7912 MC79xx 12 V
IC MC78xx MC79xx
MC78xx
MC79xx MC78xx

LM140 xx / LM340 xx
MC78xx LM120 xx / LM320 xx
MC79xx xx
1. MC78xx MC79xx
3.20 MC78xx
in MC78xx GND C1
1 F 0.1 F
C2 1 F 0.1 F

52

in out MC78xx
Vin Vout Data Sheet MC7805 Vin Vout = 2 V in
7 V Vin (max) Data Sheet 35 V

3.20 MC78xx
3.21
MC79xx in MC79xx out
C1 C2 3.20 MC78xx

3.21 MC79xx
3.22 -
( Common) MC78xx 79xx
3.20 3.21

53

3.22 MC78xx MC79xx

3.3.3 3
3 LM317
1.2 V 37 V
LM723C 1.5 A LM723C LM317
LM723C
1. LM317
3.23 LM317 3.23 .
3.23 . C3 C1
C2 MC78xx C3 10 F
3.22 . D1
C2 D2 C3
Vout =

R1 + R 2
Vref + IadjR 2
R1

Data Sheet Vref

= 1.25 V

Iadj = 50 A

(3.19)

54

. C

.
3.23 LM317
R1 =

Vref
I L( min )

Data Sheet IL( min ) =

R1

10 mA

1.25 V
10 mA
= 125

R1 =

120

(3.20)

55

R 2
R2 =

Vout Vref
Vref
+ Iadj
R1

Vout 1.25 V
1.25 V
+ 50 A
350
V 1.25 V
= out
3.62 mA
=

(3.21)

3.8 1.25 V ~ 25 V
1 A LM317 32 V

3.23 .
R1
R1 = 120

(3.21) R 2
Vout 1.25 V
3.62 mA
( 25 1.25) V
=
3.62 mA
= 6.55 k

R2 =

6.8 k

C1 C2 = 0.1 F
C3 = 10 F
D1 , D2 1 A 1N4004

56

57

58