DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

a) Assumptions Made
In order to comply with the Capstone Project Objectives the following assumption
were made:
1. The number of antennas in the Telecommunication Tower is 4. This quantity
was selected based on the recommendation made by the Claro PR
Construction Manager, Jos C. Labrador Llavona. Therefore, the purpose of
this assumption was in order to calculate the clients load.

b) Aerial Primary Feeder:

1) ACSR 1/0 KCMIL (Raven) Power Conductor:

This feeder is use in distribution systems to supply primary voltage of 13.2KV. The
conductor is limited to a mile from the sea.

Key Features and Technical Details:

AWG Size = 1/0
Construction = AL (6/.1327); steel (1/.1327)
Nom. O.D. of Cable (in) = 0.398
Ampacity @ 75C = 240
Approx LBS/MFT = 145.1
Resistance OHMS/MFT = DC @ 20C: .159; AC @ 25C: .163; AC @
75C: .218
Rated Strength = GA2: 4380; GA3(HS): 4650; GA5 (UHS): 4910

Figure b-1: ACSR (Raven) Power Conductor

c) Eye Bolt

Key Features and Technical Details:

Type = TA

Charge rupture = 120KN

Unit box = 25

Material = steel

Figure c: Eye Bolt

d) Ball Clevis
Key Features and Technical Details:

Type = HB11,HB16

Dimensions = M12 30 11 60, M16 40 15 82

Standard Coupling = 11,16

Charge rupture = 74KN,100KN

Weight = 0.245,0.750 Kg

Figure d: Ball Clevis

e) Strain Clamps
Key Features and Technical Details:

Dimensions = 165 140 20 16

Charge rupture = 60KN

Weight = 1.10 Kg

Material = steel

Figure e: Strain Clamp

f) Main Secondary Feeders:

1) RHH/RHW-2 - 3#500 KCMIL Power Conductor

Type Use-2 or RHH/RHW-2 conductors are used in air, conduit or other approved
raceways as specified in the National Electrical Code (NEC). Use-2 or RHH/RHW2 can be used as underground service entrance cable for direct burial at
temperatures not to exceed 75 C; or when used as RHW-2 conductor,
temperatures are not to exceed 75 C in wet locations; or when used as RHH-2 in
dry locations, conductor temperatures are not to exceed 90 C. 250 MCM and
larger sizes may be installed in tray per NEC Article 318. Conductor is rated 600
volts.

Key Features and Technical Details:

AWG Size = 500
Construction = Stranded Copper
Insulation Thickness (mils.) = 95
Nominal Diameter (inches) = 871
Ampacity* 75C RHW or USE = 310 A
Weight Per 1000 Ft. (lbs.) = 1190

Figure f-1: RHH/RHWL Copper Power Conductor

g) Oil Transformer 75 KVA Single Phase:

1) Single Phase Pole Transformer 120/240 V

The oil transformer is a highly refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures
and has excellent electrical insulating properties. This oil have two purposes one it
is liquid insulation in electrical power transformer and two it dissipates heat of the
transformer. In addition to these, this oil serves other two purposes, it helps to
preserve the core and winding as these are fully immersed inside oil and another
important purpose is prevents direct contact of atmospheric oxygen.

Key Features and Technical Details:

KVA = 75 KVA
Secondary Ratings = 120/240V
Efficiency = 99.18%
Short Circuits Chart = 42/22
Oil Type = Mineral
Weight ~ 850 LB

Figure g-1: Single Phase Pole Transformer 120/240 V

h) Aerial Insulators:
The polymer insulator is used in 15kV overhead distribution lines with bare or
covered conductors. The insulator was developed to meet the electrical,
mechanical and environmental parameters typical of overhead distribution lines.

Key Features and Technical Details:

Excellenct Track-Resistant
High Chemical Resistance
Unbrakable and Light Weight
Easiest Handling and Transportation
Low Initial Cost
Long Service Life
Durable Metal Treads
Water Repelling Surface
High resistance to traction, flexion and impact
May be fixed by elastomeric ring or pre shaped plastic lace

Figure h: Example of Polymer Insulators

i) Primary Meter
Meter sockets house the utilities electrical watt-hour meters in residential and commercial
buildings. Sockets work with a circuit breaker distribution section in a rainproof enclosure
for residential installations, rural service entrance, mobile homes, and for temporary power
on construction sites.

Key Features and Technical Details:

MfrCode = MIC

CatalogNumber = BS2-22V

PRODUCT NAME = METER SOCKET

PKG WEIGHT = 15.3

MFR FULLNAME = T&B/MICROLECTRIC

PKG WEIGHT UOM = LB

PKG TYPE = PK

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION = WEIGHT 14 LB

PKG UOM = EA

PKG QTY = 1

APPROVAL= CSA

CURRENT RATING = 200 AMPERE

ENCLOSURE MATERIAL = ALUMINUM

KNOCKOUTS (3) (1 1/4 INCH-1 1/2 INCH-2 INCH AND 2 1/2 INCH)
CONCENTRIC KNOCKOUT, (1) 1/2 INCH, (1) 1/4 INCH, (1) (1 INCH-1 1/4 INCH-1 1/2
INCH-2 INCH AND 2 1/2 INCH) CONCENTRIC KNOCKOUT

WIRE SIZE = 6 AWG TO 250 KCMIL

SERVICE TYPE = OVERHEAD

ENCLOSURE = NEMA 3R

HUB TYPE = 2 INCH TOP OPENING

NUMBER OF JAWS = 4

MFR UNSPSC = 39121102

Size = 12 INCH W X 5 7/16 INCH D X 17 1/8 INCH H

Type = SCREW TYPE RING

Voltage Rating = 600 V

Figure i: Meter Socket

j) Ground Main Secondary Feeder

1) 3 AWG THHN Building Wire
THHN Wire will be used for the Ground Main Secondary Feeder of the system. The
size of this wire is 2 AWG. This wire will carry 390.63 A and it was selected
according to the load and PREPA Standards. The conductor is appropriate for use
in wet or dry locations at temperatures not to exceed 90C.
Key Features and Technical Details:

Conductors:

Solid,

uncoated

copper

conductors

per

ASTM-B3

Stranded, uncoated copper conductors per ASTM-B3, ASTM-B787 and

ASTM-B8

Insulation: Color-coded Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), heat and moistureresistant, flame-retardant compound per UL-1063 and UL-8

Size: 2 AWG

Number of Strands: 19

Cross Section Area (mm2): 33.60

PVC Insulation Thickness (Conductor): 1.020 mm / 0.040 inches

Nylon Jacket Thickness: 0.150 mm / 0.006 inches

Outside Diameter: 9.53 mm / 0.375 inches

Allowable Ampacity: 95 Amps at 60C / 115 Amps at 75C / 130 Amps at

90C

Figure j-1: 2 AWG THHN Building Wire

k)Schedule 40 PVC Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit

Schedule 40 PVC Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit will be used in both above-ground
and underground installations. For the aerial-underground transition of the primary
line, the size of the conduit will be 2. Otherwise, for the main secondary feeder,
the size of the conduit will be 3.
Key Features and Technical Details:

ETL Listed to UL651 in compliance to the NEC

Heavy Wall EPC

Listed for underground applications encased in concrete or direct burial.

Also for use in exposed or concealed applications aboveground.

Rated for use with 90C conductors.

Superior weathering characteristics.

Made in USA.

Figure k: PVC Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit

l) Rigid Galvanized Steel Conduit

Rigid Galvanized Steel Conduits will be used for above-ground installation to the
400 A Metering and Breaker.
Key Features and Technical Details:

Trade size: 3 y 2

Dimensions: 88.90mm*5.21mm*3.0m

Approx. Wt. Per 100 Ft.: 727 lb

Outside Diameter: 3.500 in

Nominal Wall Thickness: 0.205 in

Long Lasting Heavy Duty Steel Conduit

Figure l: Rigid Galvanized Steel Conduit

m) Single Meter 400 Amp Max. 324 N

A Single Meter 400 Amp Max. 324 N will be used to measure the amount of energy
consumed by the customer.
Key Features and Technical Details:

Max Amp. Rating: 400 A

Jaws: 4

Service Type: 1/3W

Line: #4 600 MCM

Load: #4 600 MCM

Neutral: #4 600 MCM

Height: 32

Width: 14

Depth: 6

Figure m: Single Meter 400 Amp Max. 324 N

n) Current Transformers (CT)

Current transformers are used to supply power to circuits with measurement instruments.
They are used to reduce primary lines of high voltage and currents to manageable
amounts, in order to be measured by the instruments reliably.

o) Breakers

Circuit breakers are used to interrupt current flow when failures overloads and
short circuit occur. When the current increases a certain value, the circuit breaker
automatically acts to protect electrical equipment. In order to protect our load we
use a circuit breaker AF / AT = 400A / 391A. This circuit breaker is installed in the
secondary feeder see Figure. The primary feeder breaker to be 200A / 240V as
shown in Figure.

Technical Details

Cutler-Hammer- 400A/240V
2 POLES
Model :DK 65
MPN : DK 65k, DK2400W, KT2400T

Technical Details

Manufacturer : Square D
Product: QDL22200
Poles: 2
Ampere Rating : 200A

Voltage Rating: 240V

Figure o: Examples of Breakers

p) Lightning Arrester

Protection devices litigate over voltages generated by electric shock. The lightning
arresters protect people and prevent damage to the equipment, to generate a
discharge which leads to grounding . AEE (PREPA ) use metal oxide arrester
10KV insulation polymer.

Technical Details

Metal Oxide Surge Arrester

Type: HY5WS-10kV(L)
Rated voltage:10KV

Figure p: Surge Arrester

10KV Metal Oxide ZnO Lightning Arrester
Product Model
Lightning Arrester Rating voltage
virtua value(KV)
System nominal voltage virtual
value(kV)
Continuous working voltage virtual
value (kV )
DC(U1mA)Ref.Voltage no less
than(kV)
Teep wave impulse
current
Max.residual
Lighting impulse
voltage Peak
current
value(kV )
Operating impulse
current
2000s Suare wave flux capacity
4/10s Impulse current peak value
Max.Leaking current under 0.75DC
ref.Voltage(A)

HY5WS- HY5WS- HY5WZ- HY5WZ12.7/50L 16/50L 17/50L 17.5/50L

12.7

16.5

17

17.5

10

10

10

6.6

12.7

13.6

13.6

25

25

25

25

57.5

57.5

57.5

57.5

50

50

50

50

42.5

42.5

42.5

42.5

75
40

75
40

75
40

75
40

50

50

50

50

10

q) Fuse

The fuses are designed to protect power lines against overload and short circuit. In
Electrical distribution cut out (fuse) and switch used in primary overhead feeder
line. Use for protect distribution transformers current surge and overloads
(Disconnect the transformer line). The authority of electricity (AEE) used 15KV fuse
in the aerial lines and for distribution transformers.

Product Description
Types of export porcelain fuse cutout power are high voltage apparatus used
outdoors. To connect with input feeder lines and distribution transformers
distribution. HDF series mainly protect transformer or lines from short circuit and
overload, and on / off load current

Technical Details:

Type : SR
Standar: IEC
Code of HS: 8535100000
Model : HDF

Figure q: SMU 20 Distribution Transformer Fuse

r) Aerial Support
For this design different aerial supports used to hold the distribution line through 1,850
feet. Thirteen electricity poles were used for our line, since according to PREPA standards
must place a pole every 170 feet. The poles that will use the line are 45 feet high. These
poles will have different specifications to the extent that completing fence route.
Key Features and Technical Details

Class: H4

Height: 45 pies

Weight: 7,200 lbs.

Form: Cuadrado

Maximum Rupture Moment: 178K-lb-ft

Diameter at Top: 5.41 inches

Dimensions at Base: 9.55 inches

Figure r: Concrete Pole

s) Bases
In our design only the poles that have a greater span of 5 degrees will have a basis. These
are the posts 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. According to the poles, a base will be selected that meets our
standards and PREPA.
Key Features

Class: M16-4

Length: 4.5 inches

Width: 4.5 inches

Depth from the floor:

Figure s-1: Base

Figure s-2: Base- Top View

t) Anchors
An anchor is a structure that gives support to the electric pole so that in case of a natural
phenomenon that occurs the pole is not damaged. In our design anchors were used on
poles # 1, 5, 9, 13 and 15. It will use an anchor every 4 poles to protect our structure.
These anchors were selected according to PREPA standards.
Key Features:

Type: Campana de Expansion

Class: F1-1, 2 ways

Area: 135 sq. Ft.

Ground Angle: 45 degrees

Hole: 96 inches above ground

Retention Force: 5000 lbs.

Size of Dipstick: 5/8 inches

Head: 6 inches

Figure t: Campana de Expansin Anchor

u) Tensor
A tensor is a type of support for utility poles. These supports are connected from the top of
the post and are anchored in the ground. If a tensor is used in the poles must also be an
anchor according to PREPA. Tensioners were used on poles # 1, 5, 9, 13, and 15.
Key Features

Type: Secondary Line Tensor

Class: E2-1

Length between the Tensor and Base: 22.5 feet

Length of the Tensor: 50 feet

Distance from the top of the pole: 6 feet

Figure u: Pole with a tensor

v) Ground of Pole
The ground rod is buried in the soil near the base of the utility pole. Since the ground rod is
connected to the grounding conductor, when lightning strikes a pole or static wire, the high
voltage surge travels down the grounding wire to the ground rod and safely into the earth.
All poles must be connected to a ground rod according to PREPA standards.
Key Features:

Type: Varilla de Conexion a Tierra

Class: M2-1

Depth: 8 feet

Separation from the Pole: 2 feet

Figure v: Ground of Pole

w) System Flowchart

Figure w: System Flowchart

bb) Power Consumption Analysis

The load working at maximum current:

Maximum power consumption per customer:
Miscellaneous: 3,000 Watts
GSM:
4,600 Watts
UMTS:
2,000 Watts
LTE:
3,200 Watts
_____________________
Total Consumption per Customer: 12,800 Watts
The tower will have 4 clients, therefore:
(12,800 Watts) (4) = 51,200 Watts
1 Load: S = P = 51,200 VA

Total Load of the Tower

Load Current:
ILoad =

= 213.33 A

The substation will consist of a:

75 kVA (Maximum allowed by PREPA)
Therefore,
IFull Load =

= 312.50 A x 1.25(PREPA) = 390.63 A