File:Z:\labo\these\final\modeles\simple_ORC_model.

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EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege
This simple model of an Organic Rankine Cycle is designed for a quick evaluation of the cycle performance with imposed
heat source and heat sink conditions and different working fluids. It is suitable for the 'screening method' describe in Chapter
5.3. For realistic performance prediction of an ORC, more advanced models must be used (such a the one proposed in Chapter
4).
Some inputs are commented. These inputs can be used provided some other inputs are removed (eg. the heat temperature can
be imposed if the equation imposing its flow rate of the working fluid rate is removed).
This model is designed for subcritical operating conditions and azeotropic working fluids only.
The model includes a recuperator, that can be removed by setting its effectiveness to zero.
Thermodynamic digrams can be built by plotting the thermodynamic states recorded in the array table.
This code is provided for educational purpose. It can be freely used and reproduced as long as full credit to the original source
is provided:
Quoilin, S. (2011). Sustainable energy conversion through the use of Organic Rankine Cycles for waste heat recovery and solar
applications. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Lige, Lige, Belgium.
Sylvain Quoilin, 18 September 2011

Nomenclature:
cp
heat capacity (j/kgK)
exergy flow rate (W)
E
h
specific enthalpy, J/(kg K)
M
mass flow rate, kg/s
p
pressure, Pa
pinch
pinch point value, K
Q
Heat power, W
q
specific heat flux, W/kg
r
ratio, s
specific entropy, J/(kg K)
T
temperature, C
w
specific work, J/kg
W mechanical or electrical power, W
x
vapor quality, Greek symbols

effectiveness

differential

efficiency

density, kg/m3
Subscripts and superscripts
0
Reference conditions
cd
Condenser
cf
Cold fluid
ev
Evaporator
ex
Exhaust
exp
Expander
l
Liquid
pp
Pump
rec
Recuperator
s
Isentropic
sf
Secondary fluid
su
Supply
tp
Two-phase
v
Vapor

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EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege

Inputs and parameters :

fluid$ = 'r245fa'
M = 1
T 0 = 20
pressures :
T ev

= 130

T cd

= 30

pinch ev

= 10

pinch cd

= 10

heat source :
hf$ = 'air ha'
p hf;ev
M hf

= 100000
= 5

heat sink :
cf$ = 'air ha'
p cf;cd
M cf

= 100000
= 10

Pressure drops in the heat exchangers :

p ev

= 0

p cd

= 0

Overheating and subcooling :

T ex;ev

= 5

T ex;cd

= 5

Effectivenesses :
exp

= 0,8

pp

= 0,8

rec

= 0

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EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege
p su;exp
p ex;exp

rp =

su;exp

rv =

ex;exp

First processing :
Saturation pressures :
T ev

= T sat

fluid$ ; P =p su;ev

T cd

= T sat

fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd

p ev

= p su;ev p su;exp

p cd

= p ex;exp p ex;cd

p ev

p su;ev + p su;exp
2

p cd

p ex;exp + p ex;cd
2

T ex;ev

= T su;exp T sat

T ex;cd

= T sat

fluid$ ; P =p su;exp

fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd

T ex;cd

Expansion :
h su;exp

= h fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

s su;exp

= s fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

exp

h ex;exp;s

h su;exp h ex;exp
h su;exp h ex;exp;s
= h fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; s =s su;exp

t ex;exp

= T fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; h =h ex;exp

ex;exp

= fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; T = t ex;exp

su;exp

= fluid$ ; P =p su;exp ; T = T su;exp

Condenser :
hypothesis : the pressure drop is distributed in the heat exchanger proportionaly to the enthalpy change :
h su;cd

= h ex;vap;rec

T su;cd

= T ex;vap;rec

h ex;cd

= h fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; T = T ex;cd

h cd;v

= h fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1

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EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege

h cd;l = h fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

p cd;v = p ex;exp p cd

p cd;l = p ex;exp p cd

T cd;v

h ex;exp h cd;v
h ex;exp h ex;cd
h ex;exp h cd;l
h ex;exp h ex;cd

= T fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1

T cd;l = T fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

h cf;su;cd

= h cf$ ; T = t cf;su;cd ; P =p cf;cd

M cf

h cf;ex;cd h cf;su;cd

= M

h su;cd h ex;cd

M cf

h cf;su;tp h cf;su;cd

= M

h cd;l h ex;cd

M cf

h cf;ex;tp h cf;su;cd

= M

Min h cd;v ; h su;cd

T cf;ex;cd

= T cf$ ; h =h cf;ex;cd ; P =p cf;cd

T cf;su;tp

= T cf$ ; h =h cf;su;tp ; P =p cf;cd

T cf;ex;tp

= T cf$ ; h =h cf;ex;tp ; P =p cf;cd

h ex;cd

T cf;cd

= T cf;ex;cd t cf;su;cd

pinch cd

= Min T ex;cd t cf;su;cd ; T cd;v T cf;ex;tp ; T su;cd T cf;ex;cd

Pump :
h su;pp

= h ex;cd

v su;pp

= v fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; h =h ex;cd

s su;pp

= s fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; h =h ex;cd

h ex;pp

= h su;pp + v su;pp

p su;ev p ex;cd
pp

Second method:
h ex;pp;s

pp
t ex;pp

= h fluid$ ; s =s su;pp ; P =p su;ev

h ex;pp;s h su;pp
h ex;pp;bis h su;pp
= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;pp ; P =p su;ev

Recuperator :
Pressure drop :

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EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege

p vap;rec

= p cd

h ex;exp h ex;vap;rec
h ex;exp h ex;cd

p ex;vap;rec

= p su;vap;rec p vap;rec

p su;vap;rec

= p ex;exp

h su;liq;rec

= h ex;pp

T su;liq;rec

= t ex;pp

p liq;rec

= p su;ev

H su;vap;rec

= h ex;exp

T su;vap;rec

= t ex;exp
p su;vap;rec + p ex;vap;rec
2

p vap;rec

cp liq;rec

= Cp fluid$ ; T = T su;liq;rec ; P =p liq;rec

cp vap;rec

= Cp fluid$ ; T = T su;vap;rec ; P =p vap;rec

C liq;rec

= M cp liq;rec

C vap;rec

= M cp vap;rec

C min;rec

= Min C liq;rec ; C vap;rec

C max;rec

= Max C liq;rec ; C vap;rec

Q rec

= rec C min;rec

Q rec

= M

H su;vap;rec h ex;vap;rec

Q rec

= M

h ex;liq;rec h su;liq;rec

T ex;vap;rec
T ex;liq;rec

T su;vap;rec T su;liq;rec

= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;vap;rec ; P =p vap;rec

= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;liq;rec ; P =p liq;rec

Evaporator :
h su;ev

= h ex;liq;rec

T su;ev

= T ex;liq;rec

h ex;ev

= h su;exp

h ev;l = h fluid$ ; P =p ev;l ; x =0

h ev;v = h fluid$ ; P =p ev;v ; x =1
p ev;l = p su;exp + p ev

h ex;ev h ev;l
h ex;ev h su;ev

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EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege

= p su;exp + p ev

p ev;v

h ex;ev h ev;v
h ex;ev h su;ev

T ev;l = T fluid$ ; x =0 ; P =p ev;l

T ev;v

= T fluid$ ; x =1 ; P =p ev;v

secondary fluid :
h hf;su;ev

= h hf$ ; T = t hf;su;ev ; P =p hf;ev

M hf

h hf;su;ev h hf;ex;ev

= M

h ex;ev h su;ev

M hf

h hf;su;ev h hf;ex;tp

= M

h ex;ev h ev;l

M hf

h hf;su;ev h hf;su;tp

= M

h ex;ev h ev;v

T hf;ex;ev

= T hf$ ; h =h hf;ex;ev ; P =p hf;ev

T hf;ex;tp

= T hf$ ; h =h hf;ex;tp ; P =p hf;ev

T hf;su;tp

= T hf$ ; h =h hf;su;tp ; P =p hf;ev

T hf;ev

= t hf;su;ev T hf;ex;ev

pinch ev

= Min T hf;ex;ev T su;ev ; T hf;ex;tp T ev;l ; T hf;su;tp T su;exp

T-s diagram :
s1

= s fluid$ ; T = t ex;pp ; P =p su;ev

t1

= t ex;pp

p1

= p su;ev

h1

= h ex;pp

s2

= s fluid$ ; T = T ex;liq;rec ; P =p su;ev

t2

= T ex;liq;rec

p2

= p su;ev

h2

= h ex;liq;rec

s3

= s fluid$ ; P =p ev;l ; x =0

t 3 = T ev;l
p3

= p ev;l

h3

= h ev;l

s4

= s fluid$ ; P =p ev;v ; x =1

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t 4 = T ev;v
h4

= h ev;v

p4

= p ev;v

s5

= s su;exp

t5

= T su;exp

h5

= h su;exp

p5

= p su;exp

5 = Visc fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

k5

= k fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

s6

= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

t6

= t ex;exp

h6

= h ex;exp

p6

= p ex;exp

6 = Visc fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

k6

= k fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

6 = fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

s7

= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;vap;rec ; P =p ex;vap;rec

t7

= T ex;vap;rec

h7

= h ex;vap;rec

p7

= p ex;vap;rec

s8

= Min s 5 ; s fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1

t 8 = T cd;v
h8

= Min h ex;exp ; h cd;v

p8

= Min p ex;exp ; p cd;v

s9

= s fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

t 9 = T cd;l
h9

= h cd;l

p9

= p cd;l

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MM = MolarMass 'Toluene'
s 10

= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;cd ; P =p ex;cd

t 10

= T ex;cd

h 10

= h ex;cd

p 10

= p ex;cd

s 11

= s1

t 11

= t1

h 11

= h1

p 11

= p1

T profile in heat exhangers :

T hf;2 = T hf;ex;ev
T hf;3 = T hf;ex;tp
T hf;4 = T hf;su;tp
T hf;5 = t hf;su;ev
T cf;7 = T cf;ex;cd
T cf;8 = T cf;ex;tp
T cf;9 = T cf;su;tp
T cf;10

= t cf;su;cd

Efficiency :
w exp

= h su;exp h ex;exp

w pp

= h ex;pp h su;pp

w net

= w exp w pp

q ev

= h ex;ev h su;ev

cycle

w exp w pp
q ev

W net

= w net M

W exp

= w exp M

W pp

= w pp M

Second law efficiency:

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E hf

= M hf

s hf;su;ev

h hf;su;ev h hf;0

T0

s hf;su;ev s hf;0

= s hf$ ; h =h hf;su;ev ; P =p hf;ev

h hf;0 = h hf$ ; T = T 0 ; P =p hf;ev

s hf;0 = s hf$ ; T = T 0 ; P =p hf;ev
II

W net
E hf

Fluid quality at the end of the expansion :

x = x fluid$ ; h =h ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

R245fa

150

T [C]

100

50

-50
0,2

0,4

1000

0,6

1250

0,8

1500

s [J/kg-K]

1750

2000