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, William Primrose, . David Dalton Double trouble, The Strad,
2001, . 632-633.
2
George Frederick McKay, Creative Orchestration, Allyn & Bacon Inc., 1963, .119.
(variegated)
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(. Jack Westrup, Orchestration (2), :
Stanley Sadie (.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Macmillan Publishers
Limited, 1980, vol. 13, . 693, T, , .
& .., 2006, . 12, 45).
4
Francesco Malipiero, The Orchestra, J. & W. Chester, 1921, . 32.

 , .
(heraustretten)
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. 4 Edvard Grieg: ( ).

. Gordon Jacob, The Elements of Orchestration, Herbert Jenkins, 1962, . 35, 90, 92,
, .., . 35. O

. ,
(loudness). ,
, 3 dB,
(intensity). , . John Backus, The
Acoustical Foundations of Music, W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1977, . 93, 98,
, & , , ,
1992, . 24.
6
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(blanket effect).

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. Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Principles of Orchestration [1922], Dover Publications, Inc.,

1964, . 121.
8

, . , Alfred Brendel (
, : , , 1998, . 188-189),
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.
(audience-related dynamics), . Joseph Ott, A New Approach to Orchestration, The
Instrumentalist 23 ( 1969), . 53-56: 55-56.
9
Dalton, .., . 635.
10
Cecil Forsyth (Choral Orchestration, H. W. Gray Co., 1920, . 81)
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Ebenezer Prout, The Orchestra, UMI, Books on Demand, Bell & Howell Company, 1996 (
: Augener Ltd., 1899), . 81-113 133-134.
13
McKay, .., . 170.
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. William Lovelock, Elementary Accompaniment Writing, Bell & Hyman, 1982, . 1013. : ) ) ( 5
). Peter Ilyitch Tchaikovsky (Guide to the Practical Study of Harmony [1900], Dover,
N 2005, . 131)
, , ,

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, 2008, . 152-157.

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Adler18 ,
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17

Jacob, .., . 85, 90, 98.

4 .
, . : Mozart, . 41, KV 551 (),
Weber (. 37 ..).
18
Samuel Adler, The Study of Orchestration, W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1989, .
136. 3 ,
tutti, .

continuo), .19
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. 11 Samuel dler: The Study of Orchestration ( ).

Andersen,20 ,
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8

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A , , . . , 1970, . 112,
126. ,
Rameau (. :
Joel Lester, Composition Theory in the Eighteenth Century, Harvard University Press, Cambridge
1996, . 90-157).
20
Arthur Olaf Andersen, Practical Orchestration, C. C. Bichard & Co., 1936, . 80-81.

 , op. 2 . 3, Beethoven, ,21

,
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. 13 L.V. Beethoven: , op. 2 . 3 ( ).

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21

Margaret Notley, Lateness and Brahms: Music and Culture in the Twilight of Viennese Liberalism,
Oxford University Press, 2007, . 122.
22
5 Mozart.
23
Forsyth, .., . 21.

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. 8.
. William Lovelock, The Elements of Orchestration, Bell & Hyman, 1980, . 7,
, H
, , 2007, . 13, 32-33.
26
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Oswald Jonas . ,
, , 2004, . 227-228), 2 7,

.
27
Charles-Marie Widor (Manual of Practical Orchestration [ :
Technique de lorchestre moderne, 1904], Dover Publications Inc., 2005, . 197),
(, )
,
.
25

11

 , (position of
maximum efficiency),28
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. 16 George Frederick McKay: Creative Orchestration.

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(prolongation) . , . , .., . 233246.
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Dame Kiri Te Kanawa (.
, , . . . , 1993, . 88-89) Puccini:
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29

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Johannes Brahms.

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31
Bernard Rogers, The Art of Orchestration. Principles of tone color in modern scoring, Greenwood
Press, 1970, . 160.
32
Diether de la Motte, , , 1998, . 23.
33
, , . , 1933, , . 111.

13

14