Pre-Nursing Science Part II Mid-term Study Guide

1) Definitions
a) Anatomy
b) Physiology
2) Circulatory/cardiovascular system
a) Function
b) Closed vs. open systems
c) Blood
i) Plasma
ii) RBCs
(1) Hemoglobin
(2) Iron
iii) WBCs
iv) Platelets
d) Blood vessels
i) Arteries
ii) Veins
iii) Capillaries
e) Heart
i) Chambers
ii) Valves
iii) Pulmonary vs. systemic circuits
iv) Blood pressure
v) Be able to label a diagram
vi) Be able to map the flow of blood
f) Disorders
i) Heart murmur
ii) Hemophilia
iii) Arthrosclerosis
iv) Hypertension
v) Hypotension
vi) Anemia
3) Respiratory system
a) Function
b) Upper respiratory tract
i) Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses
ii) Pharynx
iii) Epiglottis
iv) Larynx
v) Trachea
vi) Bronchi

vii) Functions
c) Lower respiratory tract
i) Bronchi
ii) Bronchioles
iii) Alveoli
iv) Diaphragm
v) Carina
vi) Hilus
d) Gas exchange
i) Boyles Law (pressure and
volume)
ii) Inhalation vs. exhalation
iii) Gas exchange in capillaries
e) Respiratory system disorders
i) Asthma
4) Earth Science
a) Earth Structure
i) Layers
(1) Crust
(2) Mantle
(a) Asthenosphere
(b) Lower mantle
(c) lithosphere
(3) Core
ii) Plate tectonics and boundaries
(1) Divergent boundaries
(2) Convergent boundaries
(3) Transform boundaries
iii) Heat Transfer
(1) Radiation
(2) Convection
(3) Conduction
b) Rocks
i) Identifying rocks
ii) Igneous rocks
(1) Classifying
(2) Extrusive vs. intrusive
(3) Uses
iii) Sedimentary rock
(1) Formation processes
1

Pre-Nursing Science Part II Mid-term Study Guide

(a) Erosion
(b) Deposition
(c) Compaction
(d) Cementation
(2) Types of sedimentary rock
(3) Uses
iv) Metamorphic Rock
(1) Formation process
(2) Foliated vs. nonfoliated rock
(3) Uses
v) Rock Cycle
c) Sun
i) Geocentric vs. heliocentric
ii) Structure
(1) Interior
(a) Core
(b) Radiation zone
(c) Convection zone
(2) Atmosphere
(a) Photosphere
(b) Chromosphere
(c) Corona
(3) Features
(a) Solar wind
(b) Solar flare
(c) Prominence
(d) Sunspots
5) Nervous System
a) Function
b) CNS
i) Brain
(1) Parts
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Brain stem
(d) Thalamus
(e) Hypothalamus
(2) Functions
ii) Spinal cord
(1) Function

(2) Reflexes
iii) Function
c) PNS
i) Functions
ii) Sympathetic vs. parasympathetic
iii) Autonomic vs. somatic sensory
iv) Neurons
(1) Structure
(a) Cell body
(b) Dendrites
(c) Axon
(d) Myelin sheaths
(e) Nodes of Ranvier
(f) Synapse
(2) Be able to label a nerve cell
diagram
(3) Neurotransmitters
d) Support cells
i) Microglial cells = immune
defense in CNS
ii) Oligodendrocytes = provide
support and make myelin sheaths
in CNS
iii) Astrocytes = provide support and
nutrients to CNS
iv) Ependymal cells = produce
cerebrospinal fluid in CNS
v) Schwann cells = provide support
and make myelin sheaths in PNS
6) Digestive System
a) Function
b) Mechanical vs. chemical digestion
c) Components of the digestive tract
i) Mouth
ii) Pharynx
iii) Epiglottis
iv) Esophagus
v) Stomach
(1) Sphincters on either end
(2) Acidic environment
2

Pre-Nursing Science Part II Mid-term Study Guide

vi) Small intestine
(1) Duodenum
(2) Jejunum
(3) ileum
vii) Large intestine
(1) Ascending colon
(2) Transverse colon
(3) Descending colon
(4) Sigmoid colon
viii) Rectum
ix) Anus
x) Accessory organs
(1) Teeth
(2) Tongue
(3) Salivary glands
(a) Amylase
(4) Liver
(a) Bile
(5) Gall bladder
(6) Pancreas
(a) Insulin
d) Peristalsis
7) Acid, Base, pH
a) pH scale
b) acid
c) base
8) Macromolecules
a) Formation of macromolecules
b) Carbohydrates
i) Structure
ii) Function
iii) Examples
c) Lipids
i) Structure
ii) Function
iii) Examples
d) Nucleic acids
i) Structure
ii) Function
iii) Examples

e) Proteins
i) Structure (including levels ie.
Primary, secondary, tertiary,
quaternary)
ii) Function
iii) Examples
9) Physics
a) Matter
b) Work
i) W=Fd
ii) Units
(1) W in joules (J)
(2) F in newtons (N)
(3) d in meters (m)
iii) work due to gravity, W=mgh
(1) g = 9.8 m/s2
c) Energy
i) Units (joules)
ii) Law of conservation of energy
iii) Types/forms of energy including
(1) Kinetic energy (KE)
(a) KE = mv2
(i) KE in joules (J)
(ii) m in kilograms (kg)
(iii)v in m/s2
(2) Potential energy (PE)
(a) Gravitational potential
energy
(b) PE = mgh
(i) PE in joules (J)
(ii) m in kilograms (kg)
(iii) g = 9.8 m/s2
(iv) h in meters (m)
d) Waves
i) Longitudinal vs. transverse
ii) Be able to label a diagram
iii) Frequency vs. period
e) Electromagnetic waves
i) Electromagnetic spectrum
ii) Visible light
3